1、集团原则化工作小组[Q8QX9QT-X8B8Q8-NQ8QJ8-M8QMN]大学英语四级真题CET及答案解析2023年6月份英语四级真题(CET4)未得到监考老师指令前,不得翻阅该试题册!Part1Writing(30minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完毕该部分,之后将进行听力考试)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed3
2、0minutestowriteanessaybasedonthepicturebelow.Youshouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthepictureandthemcommentonthiskindofmodernlife.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.THISMODERNLIFE:WORKHOMEPLAYSLEEP请用黑色签字笔在答题卡1指定区域作答
3、作文题,在试题册上旳作答无效。PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillbear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequ
4、estionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestionstherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswersheet1withasinglelinethroughthecenter.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作
5、答1.A)HeispleasedtositonthecommitteeC)HewilltellthewomanhisdecisionlaterB)HeiswillingtoofferthewomanahandD)Hewouldliketobecomeaclubmember2.A)TheirplannedtriptoVancouverisobviouslyoverpricedB)Theyshouldborrowaguidebookinsteadofbuyin
6、goneC)TheguidebooksinthelibraryhavethelatestinformationD)ThelibrarycanhelporderguidebooksaboutVancouver3.A)HeregretshavingtakenthehistorycourseB)HefindslittleinterestsinhistorybooksC)HehastroublefinishinghisreadingassignmentsD)Heha
7、sdifficultyinwritingtheweeklybookreport4.A)ThemanhadbetterchooseanotherrestaurantB)ThenewrestaurantisaperfectplacefordatingC)ThenewrestaurantcaughtherfancyimmediatelyD)Themanhasgoodtasteinchoosingtherestaurant5.A)Hehasbeenlookingforwa
8、rdtospingC)Hewillcleanthewoman’sbootsforspringC)HehasbeenwaitingforthewintersaleD)Hewillhelpthewomanputthingsaway6.A)Atatailor’sC)InaclothstoreB)AtBob’shomeD)Inatheatre7.A)HisguestsfavorsTibetandrinksC)Mineralwaterisgoodforheal
9、thB)HiswaterisquiteextraordinaryD)Plainwaterwillservethepurpose8.A)ReporttheresultofadiscussionC)SubmitanimportantdocumentationB)RaisesomeenvironmentalissuesD)ReviseanenvironmentalreportQuestions9to12arebasedontheconversationyoujustheard
10、9.A)TheypollutethesoilusedtocoverthemB)TheyareharmfultonearbyneighborhoodsC)TherubbishinthemtakeslongtodissolveD)Thegastheyemitisextremelypoisonous10.A)GrowingpopulationsC)ChangedeatinghabitsB)PackagingmaterialsD)Lowerproductioncost
11、11.A)BysavingenergyC)ByreducingpoisonouswastesB)ByusinglessaluminumD)Bymakingthemostofmaterials12.A)WearerunningoutofnaturalresourcessoonB)OnlycombinedeffortscanmakeadifferenceC)ThewasteproblemwilleventuallyhurtallofusD)Allofuscan
12、actuallybenefitfromrecyclingQuestions13to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.13.A)MiamiC)BellinghamB)VancouverD)Boston14.A)Togetinformationonone-wayticketstoCanadaB)Toinquireaboutthepriceof“Supersaver”seatsC)Togetadviceonh
13、owtoflyascheaplyaspossibleD)Toinquireabouttheshortestroutetodrivehome15.A)JoinatouristgroupC)AvoidtripsinpublicholidaysB)ChooseamajorairlineD)BookticketsasearlyaspossibleSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.At
14、theendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarketedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkedthecorrespondletteronAnswersheetIwithasinglelinethrou
15、ghthecentre.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。PassageoneQuestions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)TherearemysteriousstoriesbehindhisworksB)TherearemanymisunderstandingsabouthimC)Hisworkshavenomatchworldwided)Hispersonalhistoryislitt
16、leknown17.A)HemovedtoStratford-on-AvoninhischildhoodB)HefailedtogobeyondgrammarschoolC)HewasamemberofthetowncouncilD)Heonceworkedinawell-knowactingcompany18.A)WritersofhistimehadnomeanstoprotecttheirworksB)Possiblesourcesofclues
17、abouthimwerelostinafireC)HisworkswereadaptedbeyondrecognitionD)PeopleofhistimehadlittleinterestinhimPassageTwoQuestions19-21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard19.A)ItshowsyouhavebeenignoringyourhealthB)Itcanseriouslyaffectyourt
18、hinkingprocessC)ItisanearlywarningofsomeillnessD)Itisasymptomoftwomuchpressure20.A)ReduceourworkloadC)UsepainkillersforreliefB)ControlourtemperD)Avoidmaskingsymptom21.A)LyingdownandhavingsomesleepC)GoingoutforawalkB)Rubbingandp
19、ressingone’sbackD)ListeningtolightmusicPassageThreeQuestions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A)DependingheavilyonloansC).Spendingbeyondone’smeansB)HavingnobudgetplansatallD).Leavingnoroomforlargebills23.A)Manyofthemcan
20、becutC)TheirpaymentcannotbedelayedB)AllofthemhavetobecoveredD)Theyeatupmostofthefamilyincome24.A)RentahouseinsteadofbuyingoneC)MakeaconversationplanB)DiscusstheprobleminthefamilyD)Movetoacheaperplace25.A)Financialissuesplaguingafa
21、milyC)FamilybudgetproblemsandsolutionsB)DifficultyinmakingbothendsmeetD)NewwaystoboostfamilyincomeSectionCDirections:inthissection,youwillhearapaasagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Wh
22、enthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreafforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。Perhapsbecausegoingtocollegeissomuchapartofth
23、eAmericandream,manypeoplegoforno(26)_____reason.Somegobecausetheirparentsecpectit,othersbecauseit’swhattheirfriendsare,there’sthebeliefthatacollegedegreewill(27)____ensureagoodjobandhighpay.Somestudents(28)____throughforyears,attendingclasses,orskippi
24、ng(逃课)themasthecasemaybe,readingonlywhatcan’tbeavoided,lookingforless(29)_____courses,andneverbeingtouchedorchangedinanyimportantway.Forafewofthesepeople,collegeprovidesno(30)____,yetbecauseofparentalorpeerpressure,theycannotvoluntarilyleave.Theystoptryi
25、nginthehopethattheirteacherswillmakethedecisionforthemby(31)____them.Toputitbluntly(直截了当地),unlessyou’rewillingtomakeyourcollegeyearscount,youmightbe(32)_____doingsomethingelse.Noteveryoneshouldattendcollege,norshouldeveryonewhodoesattendbeginrightafte
26、rhighschool.Manycollegestudents(33)_____takingayearorsooff.Ayearoutintheworldhelpssomepeopleto(34)_____theirprioritiesandgoals.Ifyou’rereallygoingtogetsomethingoutofgoingtocollege,youhavetomakeitmeansomething,andtodothatyoumusthavesomeideawhyyou’
27、rethere,whatyouhopetogetoutofit,and(35)_____evenwhatyouhopetobecome.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirection:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawo
28、rdbankfollwingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingchoices.Eachchoieinthebankisidentificatedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswereSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmoret
29、hanonce.Question36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.It’sourguiltypleasure:WatchingTVisthemostcommoneverydayactivity,afterworkandsleep,inmanypartsoftheworld.AmericansviewfivehoursofTVeachday,andwhileweknowthatspendingsomuchtimesitting___36___c
30、anleadtoobesity(肥胖症)andotherdiseases,researchershavenowquantifiedjusthow___37___beingacouchpotatocanbe.Inananalysisofdatafromeightlarge___38___publishedstudies,aHarvard-ledgroupreportedintheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociationthatforeverytwohoursper
31、dayspentchannel___39___,theriskofdevelopingType2diabetes(糖尿病)rose20%overyears,theriskofheartdiseaseincreased15%overa___40___,andtheoddsofdyingpermaturely___41___13%duringaseven-yearfollow-up.Allofthese___42____arelinkedtoalackofphysicalexercise.Butcompar
32、edwithothersedentary(久坐旳)activities,likeknitting,viewingTVmaybeespecially__43___atpromotingunhealthyhabits.Forone,thesheernumberofhourswepasswatchingTVdwarfsthetimewespendonanythingelse.Andotherstudieshavefoundthatwatchingadsforbeerandpopcornmaymakeyou
33、morelikelyto___44___them.Evenso,theauthorsadmitthattheydidn’tcomparedifferentsedentaryactivitiesto___45___whetherTVwatchingwaslinkedtoagreaterriskofdiabetes,heartdiseaseorclearlydeathcomparedwith,say,reading.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A)climbedI)previouslyB)
34、consemeJ)resumeC)decadeK)sufferedD)determineL)sufferingE)effectIveM)termF)harmfulN)terminalsG)outcomesO)twistingH)passivelySectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattavchedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinforma
35、tiongiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2Essay-grandingSoftwareOfficersProfess
36、orsaBreak[A]Imaginetakingacollegeexam,andinsteadofhandinginabluebookandgettingagradefromaprofessoerafewweekslater,clickingthe“send”buttonwhenyouaredoneandreceivingagradebackinstantly,youressayscoredbyasoftwareprogram.Andthen,insteadofbeingdone
37、withtheexam,imaginethatthesystemwouldimmediatelyletyourewritethetesttotrytoimproveyourgrade.[B]Edx,thenonprofitenterprisefoundedbyHarvardandtheMassachusettsInstituteofThnology(MIT)tooffercoursesontheInternet,hasjustintroducedsuchasystemandwillmakei
38、tsautomated(自动旳)softwareavailablefreeontheWebtoanyinstitutioonsthatwantstouseit.Thesoftwareusesartificialintelligencetogradestudentessaysandshortwrittenanswers,freeingprofessorsforothertasks.[C]Thenewservicewillbringtheeducationalconsortium(联盟)intoagrowi
39、ngconflictovertheroleoftheautomationeducation.Altoughautomatedgradingsystemsformultiple-choiceandtrue-falsetestsarenowwidespread,theuseofartificialintelligencetechnologytogradeessayanswershasnotyetprovidedwidespreadacceptancebyeducationsandhasmanycritics.
40、[D]AnantAgarwal,anelectricalengineerwhoispresidentofEdx,predictedthattheinstantgradingsoftwarewouldbeausefulteachingtool,enablingstudentstotaketestsandwriteessaysoverandoverandimprovethequalityoftheiranswers.Hesaidthetechnologywouldofferdistinctadvant
41、agesoverthetraditionalclassroomsystem,wherestudentsoftenwaitdaysorweeksforgrades.“Thersisahugevalueinlearningwithinstantfeedback,”said,“Studentsaretellingustheylearnmuchbetterwithinstantfeedback.”[E]Butskeptics(怀疑者)saytheautomatedsystemisnomatterforl
42、iveteachers.Onelongtimecritic,LesPerelman,hasdrawnnationalattentionseveraltimesforputtingtogethernonsenseessaysthathavefooledsoftwaregradingprogramsintogivinghighmarks.Hehasalsobeenhighlycriticalofstudiesclaimingthatthesoftwarecompareswelltohumangrades.
43、[F]Heisamongagroupofeducatorswholastmonthbegancirculatingapetition(呼吁)opposingautomatedassessmentsoftware.Thegroup,whichcallsitselfProfessionalsAgainstMachineScoringofStudentEssaysinHigh-StakesAssessment,hascollectednearly2,000signatures,includingsomefromfam
44、ouspeoplelikeNoamChomsky.[G]“Let’sfacetherealitiesofautomaticessayscoring,”thegroup’sstatementreadsinpart.“Computerscannot‘read’.Theycannotmeasuretheessentialsofeffectivewrittencommunication:accuracy,reasoning,adequacyofevidence,goodsense,ethical(伦理)positio
45、n,convincingargument,meaningfulorganization,andclarity,amongothers.”[H]ButEdXexpertsitssoftwaretobewidelybyschoolsanduniversities.ItoffersfreeonlineclassesfromHarvard,MITandtheUniversityofCalifornia-Berkeley;thisfall,itwilladdclassesfromWellesley,Geogeto
46、wnandtheUniversityofTexas.Inall,12universitiesparticipateinEdX,whichofferscertificatesforcoursecompletionandhassaidthatitplanstocontinuetoexpandnextyear,includingaddinginternationalschools.[I]TheEdXassessmenttoolrequireshumanteachers,orgraders100essay
47、oressayquestions.Thesystemthenusesavarietyofmachine-learningtechniquestotrainitselftobeabletogradeanynumberofessaysoranswersautomaticallyandalmostinstantly.Thesoftwarewillassignagradedependingonthescoringsystemcreatedbytheteacher,whetheritisaletterg
48、radeornumerical(数字旳)rank.[J]Edxisnotthefirsttousetheautomatedassessmenttechnology,whichdatestoearlycomputersinthe1960s.thereisnowarangeofcompaniesofferingcommercialprogramstogradewrittentestanswers,andfourstates—Louisiana,NorthDakota,UtahandWestVi
49、rginia—areusingsomeformofthetechnologyinsecondschools.Afifth,Indiana,hasexperimentedwithit.Insomecasesthesoftwareisusedasa“secondreader”,tocheckthereliabilityofthehumangraders.[K]ButthegrowinginfluenceoftheEdxconsortiumtosetstandardsislikelytog
50、ivethetechnologyaboost.OnTuesday,StanfordannouncedthatitwouldworkwithEdXtodevelopajointeducationalsystemthatwillmakeuseoftheautomatedassessmenttechnology.[L]Twostart-ups,CourseraandUdacity,recentlyfoundedbyStanfordfacultymemberstocreate“massiveopenonl
51、inecourses,”orMOOCs,arealsocommittedtoautomatedassessmentsystemsbecauseofthevalueofinstantfeedback.“itallowsstudentstogetimmediatefeedbackontheirwork,sothatlearningturnsintoagame,withstudentsnaturallygravitating(吸引)towardresubmittingtheworkuntiltheyget
52、itright,”saidDaphneKoller,acomputerscientistandafounderofCoursera.[M]LastyeartheHewlettFoundation,agrant-makingorganizationsetupbyoneoftheHewlett-Packardfoundersandhiswife,sponsoredtwo$100,000Prizesaimedatimprovingsoftwarethatgradesessayandshortanswe
53、rs.Morethan150teamsenteredeachcategory.AwinnerofoneoftheHewlettcontents,VikParuchurtwashiredbyEdXtohelpdesignitsassessmentsoftware.[N]“Oneofourfocusistohelpkidslearnhowtothinkcritically,”saidVuchic,aprogramofficerattheHewlettFoundation.“It’sprob
54、ablyimpossibletodothatwithmultiple-choicetests”.Thechallengeisthatthisrequireshumangraders,andsotheycostalotmoreandtheytakealotofmoretime.[O]Mark,aprofessorattheUniversityofAkroninOhio,supervisedtheHewlettFoundation’scontestonautomatedessayscorin
55、gandwroteapaperabouttheexperiment.Inhisview,thetechnology—thoughimperfect—hasaplaceineducationalsettings.[P]Withincreasinglargeclass,itisimpossibleformostteacherstogivestudentsmeaningfulfeedbackonwritingassignments,hesaidPlus,henoted,criticsofthet
56、echnologyhavetendedtocomefromthenation’sbestuniversities,wherethelevelofteachingismuchbetterthanatmostschools.[Q]“Oftentheycomefromveryfamousinstitutionswhere,infact,theydoamuchbetterjobofprovidingfeedbackthanamachineovercould,”Dr.Shermissaid.“The
57、reseemstobealackofappreciationofwhatisactuallygoingonintherealworld.”注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。46Someprofessorsineducationarecollectingsignaturestovoicetheiroppositiontoautomatedessaygrading.47usingsoftwaretogradestudents’essaysavesteacherstimeforother
58、work.48theHewlettcontestsaimatimprovingessaygradingsoftware.49Thoughtheautomatedgradingsystemiswidelyusedinmultiple-choicetests,automatedessaygradingisstillcriticizedbymanyeducators.50Somepeopledon’tbelievethesoftwaregradingsystemcandoasgoodajob
59、ashumangraders.51Criticsofautomatedessayscoringdonotseemtoknowthetruerealitiesinlesesfamousuniversity.52Criticsarguemanyimportantaspectsofeffectivewritingcannotmeasuredbycomputerratingprograms.53Asclasssizegrows,mostteachersareunabletogivestud
60、entvaluablecommentsastohowtoimprovetheirwriting.54Theautomatedassessmenttechnologyissometimesusedtodoublechecktheworkofhumangraders.55Studentsfindinstantfeedbackhelpstheirlearningconsiderably.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.
61、Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.PassageOneQuestion56to60a
62、rebasedonthefollowingpassage.Acrosstherichworld,well-educatedpeopleincreasinglyworklongerthantheless-skilled.Some65%ofAmericanmenaged62-74withaprofessionaldegreeareintheworkforce,comparedwith32%ofmenwithonlyahigh-schoolcertificate.Thisgapispartofad
63、eepeningdividebetweenthewell-educationwelloffandtheunskilledpoor.Rapidtechnologicaladvancehasraisedtheincomesofthehighlyskilledwhilesqueezingthoseoftheunskilled.Theconsequences,forindividualandsociety,areprofound.Theworldisfacingasastonishingriseinthen
64、umberofoldpeople,andtheywilllivelongerthaneverbefore.Overthenext20yearstheglobalpopulationofthoseaged65ormorewillalmostdouble,from600milliontobillion.Theexperienceofthe20thcentury,whengreaterlongevity(长寿)translatedintomoreyearsinretirementratherthan
65、moreyearsatwork,haspersuadedmanyobserversthatthisshiftwillleadtoslowereconomicgrowth,whiletheswellingranksofpensionerswillcreategovernmentbudgetproblems.Butthenotionofasharpdivisionbetweentheworkingyoungandtheidleoldmissesanewtrend,thegrowinggapb
66、etweentheskilledandtheunskilled.Employmentratesarefallingamongyoungerunskilledpeople,whereasolderskilledfolkareworkinglonger.ThedivideismostextremeinAmerica,wherewell-educatedbaby-boomers(二战后生育高峰期出生旳美国人)areputtingoffretirementwhilemanyless-skilledyoungerpeoplehavedroppedoutoftheworkforce.Thateventhebetter-offmustworklongertohaveacomfortableretirement.Butthechangingnatureofworkalsoplaysabigrole.Payhasrisensharplyforthe