如PPT文件的首页显示word图标，表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
2、。内容和语言是一个统一体。作文应表达题目所规定的内容,而内容要通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否切题,是否充分表达思想,也要考虑是否用英语清楚而适切地表达思想,也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。4.避免趋中倾向。该给高分的给高分,包括满分;该给低分的给低分,包括零分。一名阅卷人员在所评阅的全部作文卷中不应只给中间的几种分数。四、评分标准：四、评分标准：11作文题满分为作文题满分为1515分。分。阅卷标准共人为五等：阅卷标准共人为五等：22分，分，55分，分，88分，分，1111分及分及1414分。分。22分分-条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数
3、为严重错误。条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。55分分-基本切题，表达思想不够清楚，连贯性差，有较多的严重错误。基本切题，表达思想不够清楚，连贯性差，有较多的严重错误。88分分-基本切题，表达思想比清楚，文字尚连贯，但语言错误较多。基本切题，表达思想比清楚，文字尚连贯，但语言错误较多。1111分分-切题，表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。切题，表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。1414分分-切题，表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯较好，基本上无语言错误。切题，表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯较好，基本上无语言错误。阅卷人员根根据阅卷标准，对照样卷
4、评分，若认为某一分数文件次（如阅卷人员根根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为某一分数文件次（如88分）相似，即定为（分）相似，即定为（88分）；若认为稍优或劣于该档次，分）；若认为稍优或劣于该档次，则可加一分（则可加一分（99分）或减一分（分）或减一分（77分），但不得加减半分。分），但不得加减半分。字数不足应酌情扣分：字数不足应酌情扣分：少少1010字字少少2020字字少少3030字字少少4040字字少少5050字字少少5151字字累计字数累计字数1101101191191001001091099090999980808989707079796969扣分扣分11223344
6、不及格处理；分，一律作不及格处理；22）作文分大于）作文分大于00分小于分小于66分者，按下分者，按下列方式计算成绩：列方式计算成绩：最后报道分最后报道分==原计算总分原计算总分6+6+作文实得分作文实得分一、四级作文的段落基本结构：一、四级作文的段落基本结构：主题句主题句扩展句扩展句终结句终结句连接词连接词连接词连接词段段落落第第二二部分部分四级作文的结构四级作文的结构1.主题句主题句表明全段是关于什么及讨论什么的段落中心句，即：明确地表示全段要展开的中心点,四级短文写作中最好是把主题句放在段首。2.扩展句扩展句是用来说明，解释，引申，或论证主题句所表
8、area(主题主题句句).).IfwewanttoeconomizeandgetmoreIfwewanttoeconomizeandgetmorepersonalarea,wecanchoosethelow-rise;personalarea,wecanchoosethelow-rise;butifwewanttolivemorecomfortably,webutifwewanttolivemorecomfortably,wewillchoosethehigh-rise(willch
9、oosethehigh-rise(扩展句扩展句).).Inaword,Inaword,thekeyliesinthealternativeofeconomythekeyliesinthealternativeofeconomyandcomfort(andcomfort(结尾句结尾句).).二、全文二、全文((议论文议论文))基本结构：基本结构：主题段主题段扩展段扩展段(1-2段段)终结段终结段主题句（第主题句（第1句）句）扩展句（扩展句（1到到2句）句）终结句（引出下文）终结句（引出下文）132终结句（最后终结句（最后11
10、句）句）扩展句扩展句主题句（第主题句（第1句）句）过渡词过渡词过渡词过渡词第第二二部分部分四级作文的结构四级作文的结构KeytoSuccessInsuchacompetitivesociety,everyonehasInsuchacompetitivesociety,everyonehasastrongdesiretobesuccessfulandinhisastrongdesiretobesuccessfulandinhislife.life.ButhowtoachievesuccessButhowtoac
11、hievesuccessInmyInmyopinion,therearethreemainkeysopinion,therearethreemainkeysaclearaclearobjective,strongwillpoweranddiligence.objective,strongwillpoweranddiligence.FirstFirst,itisveryimportanttosetupagoal,itisveryimportanttosetupagoalbeforeyoust
12、art.Noonecanbesuccessfulbeforeyoustart.Noonecanbesuccessfulwithoutagoalinhismind.withoutagoalinhismind.BesidesBesides,youneed,youneedastrongwillpowertokeepyougoahead.Thereastrongwillpowertokeepyougoahead.Therealwaysaretoughstonesineveryroadto
13、alwaysaretoughstonesineveryroadtosuccess.Whetheryoucangothroughitdependssuccess.Whetheryoucangothroughitdependsonwhetheryouarepersistentenough.onwhetheryouarepersistentenough.LastbutLastbutnotleastnotleast,everyonewhowantstosucceed,everyonewhowants
14、tosucceedshouldbediligent.Thereisandoldsaying,shouldbediligent.Thereisandoldsaying,“Nopains,nogains.Nopains,nogains.”MostsuccessfulpeopleMostsuccessfulpeopleowetheirsuccesstohardworking,suchasowetheirsuccesstohardworking,suchasEinstein.Einstein.Inconcl
15、usion,ifwewanttobesuccessful,Inconclusion,ifwewanttobesuccessful,wehavetomasterthethreemainkeyswehavetomasterthethreemainkeysmentionedabove.mentionedabove.ThereisnoshortcuttoThereisnoshortcuttosuccess.success.ThethreekeyswillassureyoutoThethree
16、keyswillassureyoutorealizeyourbeautifuldream.realizeyourbeautifuldream.第三第三部分部分常见的错误和问题常见的错误和问题注意方面：注意方面：1切题2结构（三段式）3落题快（主题句在每段句首，不要绕圈）4长度（120150字，卷面第二页中间或到三分之二处，不要过多）语言方面须注意的问题：语言方面须注意的问题：1题目的大写AnEye-WitnessAccountofaTrafficAccidentItPaystoBeHonestHowtoSucceedinaJob
17、Interview2句子错误1）语态时态不正确Ireadthepassagecarefullyandseveralmistakeswerefound.(语态不一致)Ireadthepassagecarefullyandfoundseveralmistakes.Iamverygratefulifyoucouldhelpmewiththisproblem.(时态不一致)Iwillbeverygratefulifyoucouldhelpmewiththisproblem.2）主谓不一致Helikeplaying
18、footballverymuch.Helikesplayingfootballverymuch.3）中式英语MyEnglishhasmadegreatprogress.IhavemadegreatprogressinEnglish.Workmakesmefeelsatisfied.Workisasourceofsatisfactiontome.4)结构不完整AlthoughhadmanydifficultiesinstudyingEnglish,Ifinallypassedtheexam.AlthoughIha
19、dmanydifficultiesinstudyingEnglish,Ifinallypassedtheexam.基本句型：主谓：Isucceed.主谓宾：IlikeCaicai.主系表：ZYissmart.主谓双宾：WeiXiaobaogaveAkeanEnglishdictionary.主谓宾宾补：Tulongdaomakesmanypeopleselfish.句型句型第第四部分四部分写作中的常用句式写作中的常用句式第第四部分四部分写作中的常用句式写作中的常用句式句型句型第四部分第四部分写作中的常用句式写作中的常用句式一、
20、开头常用语式一、开头常用语式(主题段的引入主题段的引入)AproverbsaysAstheproverbsaysSomepeoplesaythatManypeoplebelievethatItisgenerallybelievedthatWeallknowthatAsweallknowItisquiteclearthatVariousviewsexistasto,butTherearemanyarguments/opinions/viewsaboutThereismuchdiscussionabout/attentiontoItiswellknownthatItissaidthatIthasb
21、eenfoundthatItiseasytoseethatThepiegraphshowsArecentsurveyprovidesThechart/graph/tableshowsNoonecandenythatNowadays,.Atpresent例例1MyViewonAnimalCommunicationManypeoplethinkthatanimalscannotcommunicatewitheachother.Intheiropinion,theycannotspeakorwrite.However,Iholdthatthey
22、cancommunicate.Thefollowingexamplesserveasproofstosupportmyview.例例21）中国人才流失的现状；）中国人才流失的现状；2）对人才流失的看法；）对人才流失的看法；3）如何解决人才流失。）如何解决人才流失。BrainDraininChinaNowadays,oneofthemostseriousproblemsChinaisfacedwithisbraindrain.Whileshortagesoftalenttroublemanyuniversitiesand
23、state-ownedenterprises,millionsoftalentedpeopleeitheremigratetodevelopedcountriesorworkforforeigncompanies.Atthesametime,abigcrowdofwell-educatedpeoplewhoaredeterminedtofollowtheirfootstepstakeTOEFLorGREastheirpassporttotheWest.第第四部分四部分写作中的常用句式写作中的常用句式举例举例
24、练习练习1SmokingItisalmostknowntoallthatsmokingisbadforpeopleshealth.Scientificresearchsshowthatsmokingcanleadtoheartdisease,cancerandotherproblem.TheWorldHealthOrganizationsaysdiseaseslinkedtosmokingkillatleasttwomillionfive-hundred-thousandpersonseachyear.练习练
25、习2HealthandLifeAsthesayinggoes,youdontknowwhathappinessisuntilyouloseit.youdontknowwhathealthisuntilyouareill.““Healthisofvitalimportancetolife””soundslikeaclichetoeveryone,butitisabsolutelytrue.第第四部分四部分写作中的常用句式写作中的常用句式举例举例二、二、中间常用句式（扩展段的连接）中间常用句式（
26、扩展段的连接）通常按重要程度排列，我们习惯于先说最重要的，西方人则通常按重要程度排列，我们习惯于先说最重要的，西方人则相反，但都得符合逻辑顺序。相反，但都得符合逻辑顺序。1表示表示“首先首先”first,firstly,firstofall,tobegin，但不可但不可用用atfirst。2表示表示“第二第二”、“此外此外”“”“其次其次”、“况且况且”second,secondly,and,besides,moreover,additionally,furthermore,whatsmore,inaddition,besides+名词短语，名词短语，i
27、nadditionto+名词短语，名词短语，another+名词短语名词短语3表示表示“最后最后”finally,last,lastly,lastbutnotleast最后最后但并非最不重要的是。但并非最不重要的是。但不可用但不可用atlast或或intheend。4表示表示“最重要的是最重要的是”aboveall,mostimportantofall5.表示表示“更严重的是更严重的是”、“更糟糕的是更糟糕的是”moreserious,evenworse,tomakematterworse6.表示表示“最为严重的是最为严重的是”、“
28、最糟糕的是最糟糕的是”mostseriousofall,worstofall第第四部分四部分写作中的常用句式写作中的常用句式二、二、中间常用句式（扩展段的连接）中间常用句式（扩展段的连接）例如：例如：1）Firstofall,论据论据1.Moreimportantly,论据论据2.Mostimportantofall,论论据据3.Insummary,总结观点总结观点.2)Theadvantagescanbelistedasfollows：First,好处好处1.Besides,好处好处2.Mostimportantofal
29、l,好处好处3.Buteverycoinhastwosides.Thenegativeaspectsarealsoapparent.Tobeginwith,坏处坏处1.Tomakematterworse,坏处坏处2.Worstofall,坏处坏处3.Fromtheaboveanalysis,Ibelieve观点观点.3）Foronething,论据论据1.Foranother,论据论据2.Lastbutnottheleast,论据论据3.Toconclude,总结观点或总结观点或Fromabove,
30、wecanpredictthat预测预测.4）Firstofall,论据论据1。Furthermore,论据论据2。Amongallofthesupportingevidences,oneisthestrongest.Thatis,论据论据3。Anaturalconclusionfromtheabovediscussionisthat总结观点。总结观点。或或Fromabove,wecanpredictthat预测预测.第第四部分四部分写作中的常用句式写作中的常用句式例文例文KeytoSuccessInsu
31、chacompetitivesociety,everyonehasastrongdesiretobesuccessfulandinhislife.ButhowtoachievesuccessInmyopinion,therearethreemainkeysaclearobjective,strongwillpoweranddiligence.First,itisveryimportanttosetupagoalbeforeyoustart.Noonecanbesuccessfulwit
32、houtagoalinhismind.Besides,youneedastrongwillpowertokeepyougoahead.Therealwaysaretoughstonesineveryroadtosuccess.Whetheryoucangothroughitdependsonwhetheryouarepersistentenough.Lastbutnotleast,everyonewhowantstosuceedshouldbediligent.Thereisandol
33、dsaying,“Nopains,nogains.”Mostsuccessfulpeopleowetheirsuccesstohardworking,suchasEinstein.Inconclusion,ifwewanttobesuccessful,wehavetomasterthethreemainkeysmentionedabove.Thereisnoshortcuttosuccess.Thethreekeyswillassureyoutorealizeyourbeautifuldream
35、joythemselvesthroughthoseprogramswhichadvertisementshavebeenputinto.Someadvertisements,however,arenotveryusefultopeople,sometimesevenharmful.Anadvertisementlikethis,forexample,mayputthousandsofwomenandgirlsintotrouble.Disillusionedwithlife,love,marriageYou
36、needhelp.Phoneme.AndtheSaviorgiveshisphonenumbertohissheep.第第四部分四部分写作中的常用句式写作中的常用句式二、二、中间常用句式（扩展段的连接）中间常用句式（扩展段的连接）其他词语或句式：其他词语或句式：1）用于强调：afterall,anyway,infact,indeed,apparently,clearly,obviously,especially,2）用于对比：however,ononehand,ontheotherhand,incontrast,bycontrast,onthecontrar
38、antime,recently,soon,nowandthen,during,nowadays,presently,since,assoonas,afterwards,sometimelater,temporally,inthemeanwhile,afterawhile,6）用于解释：inotherwords,asamatteroffact,thatis,7)用于让步：although,inspiteof,despite,eventhough,evenif,though,nomatterhow8)用于结果：consequently,thus,asaresult,asaconsequence,h
39、ence,so,therefore,accordingly9)其他：notonlybutalso,asfarasIamconcerned,whenitcomesto,inpractice,inprinciple,anotherkeyaspectofis,itistruethat,whatismoreseriousis,thereisnodoubtthat,butitisapitythat,butthetrouble/problem/pointis第第四部分四部分写作中的常用句式写作中的常用句式二、二、中间常用句式（扩展段的连接）中间常用句式（扩展段的连接）其他词语或句式：其他词语或句式：
40、例1BrainDraininChina(接开头)1）中国人才流失的现状；2）对人才流失的看法；3）如何解决人才流失。However,peopleseethisphenomenonindifferentperspectives.SomeholdtheopinionthatChinasuffersalotfrombraindrain.Theyargue,ontheonehand,thatbraindrainconsiderablyweakensourinternationalcompetitiveness.Ontheotherhand,theybelievethatthetalent
41、shouldservetheirnativecountryfirst.Incontrast,othershighlighttheadvantagesofinternationalexchangeandcooperation.TheyclaimthatChineseyouthsshouldgoabroadtostudyandgainmoreexperience.Whatsmore,thelong-termbenefitswilloutweighlosseswesuffernow.第第四部分四部分写作中的常用句式写作中的常用句式练习练习1Computer1)计算机的广泛应用计算机的广泛应用2)计
42、算机给人们的帮助计算机给人们的帮助3)计算机带来的问题（无示范）4）我的看法（无示范）Thecomputeriswidelyusedinallfieldsofsociety.Today,whereveryougo,youwillfindcomputersbeingused.Forexample,computersareusedinuniversities,largecorporations,andsmalloffices,etc.Ithasevenenteredthehomesofordinarypeople.Asitisabletostoreandprocessalargeamountofi
43、nformation,thecomputerbringaboutgreatconvenienceandhighefficiencytopeopleofallwalksoflife.Computerscanhelppeopleindifferentways.Forexample,computerhelpscientistsinanalyzingdataanddoingcomplexcalculation.Foranotherexample,computersaremadeuseofbyengineersindesigningaplane,oraspaceship.Besides,compu
44、tersmayalsoplayagreatroleinhelpingchildrenwiththeirlesson.Whateveryouaredoing,youmanyfindcomputerausefulaid.第第四部分四部分写作中的常用句式写作中的常用句式二、二、中间常用句式（扩展段的连接）中间常用句式（扩展段的连接）其他词语或句式：其他词语或句式：三、结尾常用句式（终结段的连接）三、结尾常用句式（终结段的连接）1表示表示“总之总之”、“总而言之总而言之”、“简言之简言之”inconclusion,insummary,toconclude,tosumma
45、rize,tosumup,inshort,inbrief,inaword,onthewhole2“综上所述综上所述”fromtheforegoing,fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,fromwhathasbeenmentionedabove,fromtheaboveanalysisObviously（此为过渡短语）（此为过渡短语）,wecandrawtheconclusionthatThus,itcanbeconcludedthat,Therefore,wecanfind
46、thatObviously,itishightimethatwetooksomemeasurestosolvetheproblem.Accordingly,Irecommendthatsomemeasuresbetaken.Consequently,tosolvetheproblem,somemeasuresshouldbetaken.第第四部分四部分写作中的常用句式写作中的常用句式三、结尾常用句式（终结段的连接）三、结尾常用句式（终结段的连接）例例1Vacation,LongorShortOnethewhole,eit
47、herlongorshortvacationhasitsadvantagesanddisadvantages.Whatmattersishowtomakeuseofit.例例2GoodHealth1身体健康的重要性。身体健康的重要性。2保持健康的途径。保持健康的途径。3我自己的实践。我自己的实践。Asforme,Ilikeplayingtennisinthemorning.Ialsoattachmuchimportancetoenoughsleepandrelaxation.Ibelievethiswill
48、ensuremygoodhealthfortherestofmylife.例例3HopeProject希望工程希望工程Inmyopinion,thisprojectisofgreatimportancetoourcountryatthepresenttime.Anditalsowillhaveaprofoundeffectonthefutureachievementsofourcountry.Isuggestthatmoreworkbedonesothateverychildinthe
49、countrysidecanreceiveelementaryeducation.练习：练习：IsFailureaBadThingInmyopinion,failureisnotabadthing,thereallybadthingistakingafailureasfailureorevenloseourheartafterfailure.第第四部分四部分写作中的常用句式写作中的常用句式11对立观点式对立观点式1）有人赞成X.2）有人反对X.3）我的看法。第第五部分五部分写作写作模式模式一一、议论文议论文例文：1
50、.很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是2.也有人持不同意见，3.我的看法和打算IsaTestofSpokenEnglishNecessaryDifferentpeoplehavedifferentopinionsaboutthenecessityofatestofspokenEnglishintheCollegeEnglishTest.SomepeoplebelievethatatestofspokenEnglishisnecessarybecausespokenEnglishisanimpo