1.Developreadingskills—understandthemainidea(toleranceforsolitudeandenergymadeit
possibleforthewriter'sfamilytoenjoytheirpleasantbutsometimesharshcountrylife)and
thereadingskillofskimming;
2.Developwritingskills-writingstrategy1:topicsentencesfollowedbydetailedsentences
writingstrategy2:comparison&contrast;
3.Learnthelanguage—masterthekeylanguagepointsandgrammaticalstructuresinthetext;
4.Integratethefourskills—conductaseriesofreading,listening,speakingandwriting
activitiesrelatedtothethemeoftheunit.
TimeAllotment
Wedevote8teachingperiods(plus2periodsafter-classofstudents9autonomous
learningintheSelf-AccessCenter)tocoverUnit4,whichinclude:
TimeWhatIstoBeDoneTasks/Activities
2periods1.ListeningandSpeakingCourseintheSAC:Ss'autonomouslearningTsinghua
2.RevisionExx.ofUnit3textbook
2periods1.DevelopingSs'readingskillofsummarizingthe1.Sssumupthemainideaand
mainidea-skimming(ReadingCourse);majorfactsinText2ofReading
2.DiscussionrelatedtoTextAinUnit1.Course;
(Insmallclass)2.Ssdebateonthetopicofwhether
citylifeisbetterthansuburbanlife
2periods1.backgroundinformationaboutthechangesin1.Presentationofthecoursewareof
ourlifethetext;
2.Ss'understandingthemainideaandthe2.QuestionsandAnswers;
structureofthetext;
3.Ss'masteryofthekeylanguagepointsand
grammaticalstructuresinthetext;
(Inbigclass)
2periods1.FurtherunderstandingofTextA;1.Discussion:whatchangeshave
2.Checkofstudents,readingofTextByoufoundinthewaywelive
3.Learnthe2writingstrategies-topicsentences2.Questions&Answers
followedbydetailedsentences;comparison&3.Learntowriteessayswiththe2
contrastwritingstrategies
(Insmallclass)
2periods2after-class-periodsofstudents*autonomous1.Reviewwhathasbeenlearnedin
learningintheSelf-AccessCenterclasswithlearningresources;
2.MakeupforwhatSsbelieveas
theirweakpointsinthefourskills;
3.ReinforceSslisteningskills.
TextAMr.DohertyBuildsHisDreamLife
|CulturalBackgrou皿
1.IvyLeague
eightlong-establishedcollegesanduniversitiesintheUnitedStateswithprestigiousacademicand
socialreputation.MembersoftheIvyLeagueareBrownUniversityinProvidence,RhodeIsland;
ColumbiaUniversityinNewYorkCity;CornellUniversityinIthaca,NewYork;Dartmouth
CollegeinHanover,NewHampshire;HarvardUniversityinCambridge,Massachusetts;
UniversityofPennsylvaniainPhiladelphia;PrincetonUniversityinPrinceton,NewJersey;and
YaleUniversityinNewHaven,Connecticut.
2.Fahrenheitscale&Celsiusscale
Fahrenheitscaleisascaleoftemperature,firstestablishedbytheGermanphysicistGabriel
Fahrenheitin1715.Onhisscale,waterfreezesat32°Fandboilsat212°F(undersetatmospheric
conditions).
CelsiusscaleisfirstestablishedbyaSwedishscientistAndersCelsiusin1742.Onthisscale,
waterfreezesat0℃andboilsat100℃(underagreedstandardatmosphericconditions).The
Celsiusscalewasformerlycommonlyknownasthecentigradescalebecauseofthe100divisions
betweenthefreezing-andboiling-pointsofwater.ToconvertfromdegreesCelsiustodegrees
Fahrenheitmultiplyby9/5andadd32.
3.IndividualRetirementAccount(IRA)
aUSgovernmentplanthatallowspeopletoputpartoftheirincomeintospecialbankaccount.No
taxhastobepaidonthismoneyuntiltheyretire.
〔ClassroomActivities)
1.Discussion:
Questionl:Whatchangeshaveyouexperiencedinyourlifesinceyouentereduniversity
Question!:Whydosomanytownsmenprefertospendtheirweekendsorholidaysinthe
countryside,ratherthansomeothercities
Question3:Whatchangeshaveyoufoundinthewaywelive
2.Debate
whethercitylifeisbetterthansuburbanlife
3.Writing:
Writingstrategy1:onetopicsentence+severaldetailsentences
Writeapassagebasedoneitherofthetwotopicsentencesandotherwordsgiven.(10minutes):
PassageOne:
Topicsentence:Johnisagoodstudent.
Details:I)studyhard;2)betooreadytohelpothers
PassageTwo:
Topicsentence:T-shirtsareverypopularinUSA.
Details:1)peopleatdifferentplaceswearingT-shirts;2)peopleatdifferentageswearing
T-shirts
Writingstrategy2:Comparison&Contrast
Whattochooseforcomparison--Themostsignificantpointstosupportthecentralidea
Howtoorganizeyouressaytwoways
--Onesidealonetime
-Pointbypoint
Languagepoints!
1.getby过得去，凑合
仅靠这笔钱,这对老夫妇是没法过活的.
Itisalittlebitdifficultfortheoldcoupletogetbyonsuchasmallpension.
Sheneverworksbutsomehowshegetsby.
2.makeit:besuccessful成功，做得到
Fmsurewecanmakeitwithourjointefforts.(在我们的共同努力下能做至U)
3.supplement:vt.addtosth.inordertoimproveit补充supplement…with
医生建议在我的饮食中补充维生素E和Ao
ThedoctorsuggestedsupplementingmydietwithvitaminsEandA.
n.anadditionalamountofsth.
Shehasbeenillandmusthavesupplementstoherordinaryfood.
4.pursue:vt.1)followesp.inordertocatch,kill,ordefeat追赶，追踪
Thepolicearepursuinganescapedprisoner.
2)bebusywith;continue(steadily)with继续，从事
AftergraduationMartinchosetopursuethesamecareerashisfatherasadoctor］从事金艮彳也
父亲一样的职业一医生)
5.household:家庭
ahouseholdname一个家喻户晓的名字
householdchores家务琐事
householdappliances家用电器
6.getthrough:comesuccessfullytotheend通过，度过
当地政府已采取一些措施以确保全体人民熬过冬天。
Thelocalgovernmenthastakensomemeasurestoensurethatallthepeoplewillgetthrough
thewinter.
Shegotthroughtheentranceexaminationandwasacceptedbythecollege.
7.onbalance
Onbalance,ifsprobablynotadvisabletochangethecompany'sname.
8.illustrate:videwithvisualfeatures;clarifybyuseofexamples,etc.举例说明，阐明
Letmeuseanotherexampletoillustratethisdifficultpoint.
9.digest
n.ashortaccountofwrittenmaterialsordata文摘，摘要
v.消化，领会，融会贯通
Somefoodishardtodigest.
Iheardherspeech,butIhaven'tdigestedityet.
10.generate:vt.bringintoexistence;produce产生，发生
煤燃烧时，产生热量。
Whencoalburns,itgeneratesheat.
Theteacher'sremarkgeneratedloudlaughter.
11.asidefrom:exceptfor;inadditionto(moreusualinAmericanEnglish;sameasapartfrom)
除了
Asidefromanoccasionalgameoftennis,hedoesn'ttakeanyexercise.
Thiscompositionisgoodasidefromacoupleofspellingmistakes.
12.cutback:reduceinsizeoramount削减,减少
我们反对任何削减教育预算的计划。
Weopposeanyplanstocutback(on)educationbudget.
13.suspect:1.believetobetrue,likelyorprobable猜想*suspectthat
Isuspectthattheyareverydisappointed.
2.believetobeguilty*suspectsb./sth.ofsth.
Thepolicesuspecthimofmurder.
3.apersonwhoissuspectedofguilt,esp.inacrime嫌疑犯
Thepolicehavearrestedtwosuspectsinconnectionwiththebankrobbery.
14.profit:1)n.moneyoradvantagegained利润，得益
Hemakesabigprofitfromsellingwastematerialtotextilecompanies.
2)v.得宜，有益于benefit
profit/benefit~
profit/benefitfrom~
15.resistthetemptation...
Thekidscan'tresistthetemptationofMcDonald's.
ReviewExercises|
UsefulExpressions
1.过得去getby
2.寻觅心灵的满足findcontentment
3.自力更生的生活aself-reliantlife
4.艰苦的生活atoughlife
5.日常的家务householdroutine
6.正如老话说的那样astheoldsayinggoes
7.温馨快乐每一分钟love/enjoyeveryminuteofsth.
8.过冬getthroughthewinter
9.常青藤联合会学校IvyLeagueschools
10.带着……的祝福withsb/sblessings
11.总的来说onbalance
12.担任全职工作beemployedfulltime
13.贷款按揭mortgagepayments
14.至于...Whenitcomesto…
15.除……以外apartfrom…
16.外出吃饭dineout
17.生活水准/水平livingstandard
18.弥补收入差额makeupthedifferenceinincome
19.听歌剧看芭蕾演出attendtheoperaandballet
20.耐得住寂寞atoleranceforsolitude
21.自给自足self-sufficiency
22.抵制诱惑resistthetemptationtodosth.
23.怆然离去leavewithafeelingofsorrow
24.自豪感asenseofpride
25.一旦形势好转onceeconomicconditionsimprove
QuizofUnit1
PartIMultipleChoice
1.Dozensofscientificgroupsallovertheworldhavebeenthegoalofapracticaland
economicalwaytousethesolarenergy.
A.pursuingB.chasingC.reachingD.winning
2.Withoutproperlessons,youcouldalotofbadhabitswhenplayingthepiano.
A.keepupB.pickupC.drawupD.catchup
3.Someoldpeopledon'tlikepopsongsbecausetheycan'tsomuchnoise.
A.resistB.sustainC.tolerateD.undergo
4.hissister,Jackisquietanddoesnoteasilymakefriendswithothers.
A.DislikeB.UnlikeC.AlikeD.Liking
5.ThemoneyIgetfromteachingthepianoisausefultomyordinaryincome.
A.supplyB.completionC.supplementD.compliment
6.There'sawholeofbillswaitingtobepaid.
A.stockB.stackC.numberD.sequence
7.Whyshouldanyonewanttoreadofbooksbygreatauthorswhentherealpleasure
comesfromreadingtheoriginals
A.themesB.subtractsC.abstractsD.digests
8.AchievingahighdegreeofproficiencyinEnglishasaforeignlanguageisnotamysterious
withoutscientificbasis.
A.processB.practiceC.procedureD.program
9.Constructionworkersshouldalwayshaveagainstpersonalinjury.
A.enduranceB.insuranceC.reassuranceD.assurance
10.Nowadaysalmostalllibrariesarefindingitincreasinglydifficulttoremainwithintheir
A.premiumB.investmentC.budgetD.profit
PartIIPutthefollowingsentencesintoEnglish:
1.在过去的十年里，中国大多数人家的收入都有所增加.
2.农民们趁天好在收割庄稼.他们的家里开始装满谷子和其它农产品.
3.现在许多博物馆发现越来越难维持预算.
4.电视作为一种娱乐活动是电影的补充而不会替代电影.
5.他是一个热情的京剧迷.除了看京剧之外，他什么电视都不看.
6.鉴于人们越来越关心室内环境的质量，有些设计学院的大学生正在考虑开一家室内
装潢公司.
7.许多政府官员抵抗不住金钱的引诱，结果犯罪入狱.
8.在人的生经历中，必定会面对许多伤心的失望.
9.一个人不可能不犯错误.要紧的是他必须正视错误，尽力以后不犯类似的错误.
10.这种材料主要用于改善房屋的质量.它是由江苏的一家私营企业发明的，现在全国都
用.
PartIIICompoundDictation
MostAmericanworkerstraveleachdaytojobsinfactories,offices,laboratories,shopsand
schools.ButforagrowingnumberofpeopleintheUnitedStates,theworkplaceischanging.
MoreAmericansarechoosingtoworkathome.Thereareseveralreasonsforthischange.One
reasonismanyparentswantmoretimetobewiththeirchildrenathome.Anotheristhatpeople
wantthefreedomtodecideforthemselveshowandwhentodotheirjob.Themostimportant
reason,however,istherevolutionincomputertechnology.Withcomputers,thereislessneed
forpeopletocometogethertowork.Computerscanbelinkedbytelephonelineswithother
computersfaraway.Aworkercanwriteareportoraddinformationtocompanyrecordsona
computerathomeandthensendthefinishedworktoacomputerinanothercity.Americansare
alreadyusingcomputerstodomanydifferentkindsofjobsathome.Manyhighlyskilledworkers,
forexample,asktheircomputersforthechancetoworkatleastpartoftimeathome.They
saytheycanthinkmoreclearlyandbnmorecreativeinthequiet,peacefulatmosphereoftheir
home.
KeytoQuiz
PartiABCBCBDBBC
PartIITranslation
1.ForthepastdecadetherehasbeenariseintheincomeofmostChinesehouseholds.
2.Thefarmersaretakingadvantageofthefineweathertogetintheircrops.Theirhousesare
beginningtofillwithgrainsandotherproduce.
3.Nowadaysmanymuseumsarefindingitincreasinglydifficulttoremainwithintheirbudget.
4.Televisionisasupplementtofilmandwillnotreplaceitasameansofentertainment.
5.HeisanardentBeijingOperafan;hehardlywatchesanytelevisionasidefromBeijing
Opera.
6.Seeingthatmoreandmorepeopleareconcernedaboutthequalityoftheirindoor
environment,someofthestudentsintheSchoolofDesignareconsideringstartinganinterior
decorationbusiness.
7.Quiteafewgovernmentofficialsfailedtoresistthetemptationofmoney;asaresult,they
committedcrimesandwereputinjailintheend.
8.Apersonsurelyhastofaceagoodmanybitterdisappointmentsbeforehegetsthroughlife.
9.Itisimpossibleforapersonnottomakemistakes.Whatmattersisthathemustfaceuptohis
mistakesanddohisbestnottorepeatthem.
10.Thismaterialisprimarilyusedfortheimprovementofthequalityofhouses.Itwasinvented
byaprivate-runcompanyinJiangsuProvince,butnowitisusedonanationalscale.
Unit2Civil-RightsHeroes
5.Developreadingskills—graspthemainidea(earlycivil-rightsstrugglesintheUS,esp.the
UndergroundRailroad)andstructure,andlearntoguesstheunfamiliarwordsincontext;
6.Developwritingskills—learntouselibraryresourcesandotherresourcestolocatethe
information;
7.Learnthelanguage—masterthekeylanguagepointsandgrammaticalstructuresinthetext;
8.Integratethefourskills-conductaseriesofreading,listening,speakingandwriting
Wedevote8teachingperiods(plus2periodsafter-classofstudents,autonomous
learningintheSelf-AccessCenter)tocoverUnit2,whichinclude:
2periods1.ListeningandSpeakingCourseintheSAC;Ss'autonomouslearningwithUnits
2.RevisionExx.ofUnit1ofQinghuatextbooksII&III
2periods1.Ss'understandingthemainideasineachpartof1.Presentationofthecoursewareof
TextAandthetextstructure;thetext;
2.Ss'masteryofthekeylanguagepointsinthe2.Discussion:Whatarethespecial
text;contributionsofAbraham,Johnand
(Inmultimediaroom,bigclass)MartintotheAmericans
2periods1.Sspresentation:topicsoftheirowninterests;1.3Ssmakingpreparedspeeches;
2.Ss'furtherunderstandingofTextA;2.PresentationofcoursewareforSs
3.ExercisesofTextA.tounderstandsomedifficult
(Insmallclass)sentencesinTextA;
3.Discussion:theprosandconsof
assistinginhelpingtheslavesto
freedom.
2periods1.ReviewingofTextA1.Story-telling:somefreedom
2.Ss'comprehensionofTextBgiversinChinesehistory;
3.Developingwritingskill;2.Usinglibraryresourceandother
4.Developingreadingskill.resourcesforinformation;
(Insmallclass)3.SupplementaryexerciseforSsto
practiceguessingunfamiliarwords
incontext.
2periods2after-class-periodsofstudents'autonomous1.Reviewingwhathasbeenlearned
learningintheSelf-AccessCenterinclasswithlearningresources;
2.MakeingupforwhatSsbelieveas
3.ReinforcingSslisteningskills.
TextATheFreedomGivers
FerqusM.Bordewich
ICulturalBackground!
1.thecivilrightsmovement
(intheUS)thenationalcampaignbyAfrican-Americansforequalrights,especiallyinthe
1950sand1960s.Thecampaignincludedboycotts(refusalstobuyparticularproducts),the
actionsoffreedomriders,andin1963amarchtoWashingtonledbyMartionLutherKing.It
succeededincausingtheintroductionofbussingandaffirmativeaction.TheCivilRightsActof
1964andtheVotingRightsActof1965werealsointroducedasaresultofthecivilrights
movement,whichhashelpedtochangetheattitudesofmanywhiteAmericans.
2.theUndergroundRailroad
AsecretsystemusedintheUSbeforetheCivilWarforhelpingthousandsofslavestoescape
tothefreenorthernstatesorCanada.Theslaveswerecalled“passengers”,thepeoplewhohelped
themwere“conductors",andtheslaveshidin“stations"(safehouses)alongtheway.
3.Slavery
SlaveryplayedaparticularlyimportantroleinthehistoryoftheUS.
ThefirstslavesweretakentoNorthAmericafromAfricabytheDutchin1619.Bythetime
oftheAmericanRevolution(1775)therewere500000slaves,mostlyintheSouth.Afterthe
RevolutionthenorthernstatesmadeslaveryillegalbuttheSouthneededcheaplaborforthecotton
plantations.GraduallytheSouth'seconomybecamedependentonslavesandby1860,theyear
beforetheCivilWar,therewereabout4millionslaves.
ConflictbetweentheNorthandtheSouthincreased,anditbecameclearthatsupportersand
opponentsofslaverycouldnotcontinuetobepartofthesamecountry.In1861theslavestates
lefttheUSandformedtheirowngovernment.ThiswasthebeginningoftheCivilWar.
AftertheNorthwontheCivilWarandbroughtthesouthernstatesbackintotheUS,slavery
wasended.Butlittlechangedforformerslaves.SomemovedtotheNorthbuttherewerenot
enoughjobsthereandmanysufferedprejudicefromWhites.ThosethatstayedintheSouthoften
workedontheplantationswheretheyhadbeenslaved.Theywerepaidforthework,buthadto
buyfoodandclothes.Manyhadtostaytheretryingtopayoffdebtswhichbecamelargereach
year.
4.UncleTom'sCabin
anovel(1852)bytheUSwriterHarrierBeecherStowewhichincreasedsupportforthe
movementtofreeslaves.ItisaboutakindslavecalledTomwhoisbadlytreatedandfinallykilled
bySimonLegree.Tom'sdaughterLittleEvaalsodies,andanotherwell-knowncharacterinthe
novelistheslavechildTopsy.ThenameUncleTomissometimesusedasaninsulttodescribean
African-Americanwhohastoomuchrespectforwhitepeople.
5.Quaker
anymemberoftheSocietyofFriends,areligiousgroupestablishedinEnglandinthe1650s
byGeorgeFox.TheywereoriginallycalledQuakerbecausememberswerethoughtto“quake”or
shakewithreligiousexcitement.QuakersworshipChristwithoutanyformalceremonyorfixed
beliefs,andtheirmeetingsofteninvolvesilentthoughtorprayer.Theyarestronglyopposedto
violenceandwar,andareactiveineducationandcharitywork.
〔ClassroomActivities!
1.Groupdiscussion
WhatarethespecialcontributionsofAbraham,JohnandMartintotheAmericans
,Howdidthethreemendie
Whomdidtheyfree
2.Readtheintroductorypartofthetext(Page38)andthinkaboutthefollowingquestions.
1.Whatisanundergroundrailroadinthenormalsense
2.Whatisthisundergroundrailroadspecialfor
3.Canyouimaginewhatthisrailroadwasbuiltfor
4.Whatprobablyarethedreamsofthepassengers
,5.Whatprobablyisthedestinationoftheirdreams
3.Problem-solving
Ifyouhadbeenfreeindividualslivingatthetime,doyouthinkyouwouldhaveassisted
inhelpingtheslavestofreedomConsidertheprosandconsofyourdecisions,including
thedangersforyourselvesifyoudecidedtohelp.
4.Story-retelling
,somefreedomgiversinChinesehistory.
TextAnalysis
Whenwelearnaforeignlanguage,wemustalsolearnthecultureofthespeakersofthat
language.TextAinthisunitisagoodcaseinpoint.Readersneedsomebasicknowledgeof
Christianity.SometermsinthistextaremarkedlyChristian,like"MethodistMinister1',"Bible1',
"Quaker".OthersrefertocharactersorplacesfromBiblicalstories,suchasMoseswholedthe
JewishpeopleoutofslaveryinEgypt,orBethlehem,aholycityforChristians.
TheauthortellsthreestoriesabouttheUndergroundRailroadandtheearlyBlackcivilrights
movement.Thethreestoriesarechosenbecausetheyarerepresentativeofallparticipantsinthis
movement:JohnParkerisafreedslavewholaterturnedintoacourageous''conductor'1;Levi
Coffinisabravewhite"conductor";JosiahHensonisaslavewhostruggledhiswaytofreedom
withthehelpoftheUndergroundRailroad.
WelearnaboutthenameofJosiahHensonatthebeginningofthetext,yethisfullstoryisnot
tolduntilthelastpart.Inthiswaytheauthorachievescoherenceoftext.
Directspeechismoreconvincingthanindirectspeech,especiallywhenitcomesto
expressingpersonalbeliefs.Forexample,thetextquotesLeviCoffinsaying"TheBible,in
biddingustofeedthehungryandclothethenaked,saidnothingaboutcolor."
Onotheroccasions,directspeechmakesastorymorevivid.Forexample,intheJohnParker
story,charactersspokeshortsentencestostresstheurgencyofthesituation.Foranotherexample,
JosiahHensonthrewhimselftothegroundandshoutedtoastonishedonlookers:HOh,no!Don*t
youknowI'mfree!"Hisjoyaffectsusall.
iLanguageStudyl
I.UsefulExpressions
1.微风agentlebreeze
2.支持standupfor
3.有原则的人amanofprinciple
4.历史遗迹ahistoricsite
5.解放奴隶liberateslaves
6.决定要做某事beintentondoingsth.
7.轻轻的敲门声asoftknock
8铸铁ironmolding
9.报告消息spreadthenews
10.宗教信仰religiousconvictions
11.得到庇护findrefuge
12.下一段行程nextlegofthejourney
13.主要路线principalroutes
14.面临危险facerisks
15.课以罚金imposeafine
16.记录keepalogof
17.路标roadsigns
18.出殡队伍afuneralprocession
19.未开垦的土地avirginland
20.在（某人）看来intheeyesof(sb.)
II.ImportantLanguagePoints
1.standup(forsb./sth.):speak,work,etc.infavourofsb./sth.;supportsb./sth.
Youhavetobepreparedtostandupforthethingsyoubelievein.
Don'tbeafraidtostandupforyourself.
2.historic:famousorimportantinhistory
Inhisbook,ChurchillrecallsthathistoricfirstmeetingwithRoosevelt.
Moremoneyisneededforthepreservationofhistoricbuildingsandmonuments.
Cf.:historical
Historicalpeople,situations,orthingsexistedindiepastandareconsideredtobeapartof
history.
Manyhistoricaldocumentsweredestroyedwhenthelibrarywasbombed.
3.forge:(fig)createbymeansofmuchhardwork
Thetwocountriesagreedtoforgeclosereconomicties.
Sheforgedanewcareerforherselfasasinger.
4.authorize:giveapprovalorpermissionfor(sth.);giveauthorityto
Thecentralgovernmentauthorized$200billiontoconstructnewdamstogeneratecheap
hydro-electricpower.
ThePresidentrequestedthatCongressauthorizethepresenceofUStroopsintheeastern
region.
HewasobligedbytheargumentsoftheMinisterofLabortoauthorizea23percentgeneral
wageincrease.
5.exploit:braveoradventurousdeedoraction
Thegeneral'swartimeexploitswerelatermadeintoafilmandatelevisionseries.
Mygrandfatherentertaineduswithstoriesofwartimeexploits.
6.beintentondoingsth.:beeageranddeterminedtodosth.
Workingdayandnight,JanetseemsintentonbreakingtherecordintheGuinnessBookof
Records.
7.ontheside:asanadditionaljoborsourceofincome;secretly
Someteachershavetofindwaysofmakingsomemoneyontheside.
Inordertoearnenoughmoneytosendhischildrentoschool,hemakesalittlemoneyonthe
sidebycleaningwindowsinhissparetime.
8.closein(on/around):comenearto,esp.inordertoattackfromseveraldirections;
surround
HitlercommittedsuicideasSovietforceswereclosinginonBerlin.
Rightafterthesuicideexplosion,IsraelitroopsbegantocloseinonthePalestiniancity.
9.conviction:firmopinionorbelief
Theoldwomanhadafirmconvictionthattherewouldbeabetterlifeafterdeath.
Anon-believer,Tomdoesn'thaveanyreligiousconvictions.
Itisherpersonalconvictionthatallcorruptionshouldbeexposedanddealtwithaccordingto