ACS建议在诊断出癌症后尽快开始营养筛查、评估和咨询。
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Youroutlookforsurvivalandforareturntogoodhealthafterbeingdiagnosedwithcancerdependsonmanyfactors.Thetypeofcanceryouhave,howadvanceditis,whattreatmentsyouget,andwhetheryouhaveanyotherhealthproblemscanallaffectyouroutlook.
Thereisalsogrowingevidencethatdiet,physicalactivity,andrelatedfactorscanhelpsomecancersurvivorslivelonger,lowertheirriskofthecancerreturning(orofanewcancerdeveloping),andlimitsomesideeffectsoftreatment.Itcanalsolowertheirriskofdevelopingsomeotherseriousdiseasesandimprovetheiroverallhealthandwellness.
Thereisnoguaranteethatfollowingtheadviceinthisguidelinewillachieveallofthesebenefitsforeverycancersurvivor.Ifyouhavequestionsabouthowlifestylefactorsmightaffectyouasanindividual,speakwithyourcancerdoctororothermembersofyourcancercareteam.
Eatingnutritiousfoodscanhelpcancersurvivorsmanagetheirenergylevels,feelbetter,andstaystronger.Thenutritionalneedsofcancerpatientsduringtreatmentdependonthetypeofcancertheyhave,whichtreatmentstheyget,andwhatsideeffectstheyhave.
Herearesomegeneraltipsforeatingwellduringtreatment:
Patientsgettingcancertreatmentmayfaceeatingchallenges,suchaspoorappetite;havingproblemschewing,swallowing,ordigesting;andfeelingverytiredfromthetreatmentorcancer,allofwhichcanaffecttheirnutritionalstatus.
TheACSrecommendsthatnutritionscreening,assessment,andcounselingbeginassoonaspossibleaftercancerisdiagnosed:
Thegoalistopreventorresolvenutrientdeficiencies,preservemusclemass,andmanagesideeffectsoftreatmentthatmaycauseproblemswitheating.
Beingphysicallyactiveafteracancerdiagnosiscanhelpimprovesurvivalforbreast,colorectal,andprostatecancersurvivors,andevidenceisgrowingthatitcanbehelpfulforsomeothercancertypesaswell.Physicalactivitycanalsohelpreduceanxiety,depression,fatigue,andlymphedema,aswellasimprovinghealth-relatedqualityoflife,bonehealth,andsleep.
Cancerpatientsandsurvivorsshouldtakeprecautionswhenstartinganexerciseprogram,including:
Survivorswhowanttoexercisetohelpwithspecificcancer-relatedeffects,suchasfatigue,anxiety,ordepression,shouldvisittheMovingThroughCancerwebsitefromtheAmericanCollegeofSportsMedicineforspecificphysicalactivityrecommendationsforthosesymptoms.
Peoplewithoverweightorobesityhaveahigherriskofdevelopingseveraltypesofcancer.However,theroleofbodyweightincanceroutcomes,suchasrecurrenceandsurvival,islesswellunderstood.Forexample,researchsuggeststhatwomenwithobesityhaveahigherriskofrecurrenceanddeathfrombreastcancer,butwhetherobesityisrelatedtotheseoutcomesforothercancersislessclear.
Duringcancertreatment,trytofocusonmaintaining(orevenincreasing)yourmusclemassthroughdietandphysicalactivity.Sideeffectsofcancertreatmentthatcausechangesintasteandsmell,reduceappetite,orcausedigestivedisturbancescanleadtoweightloss,lossofmusclemass,andpoornutritionalstatus.Patientsgettingcancertreatmentsthataffectthedigestivetractaremostatriskforweightloss.Gettingenoughcaloriestopreventmalnutritionandmaintainhealthybodyweightandstrengthcanimproveyourcancerrecoveryjourney.
Ifyouarelosingweightorhavingtroublegettingenoughcaloriesorproteinduetothesideeffectsoftreatment,herearesometipsthatmighthelp:
Aftertreatment,survivorswithoverweightorobesitymayconsidertryingtoloseweighttoimprovetheiroverallhealth,reducethechancesofgettinganothercancer,andpossiblyreducetheirriskofrecurrenceandimprovesurvivalforsomecancertypes.Ifyouareinterestedinlosingweight,talktoyourhealthcareprovideraboutyouroptions.
AmericanCancerSocietyRecommendationsforCancerSurvivors
全文翻译(仅供参考)
在被诊断出患有癌症后,您的生存前景和恢复健康的前景取决于许多因素。您患有的癌症类型、病情进展程度、您接受的治疗以及您是否有任何其他健康问题都会影响您的前景。
无法保证遵循本指南中的建议将为每位癌症幸存者带来所有这些益处。如果您对生活方式因素如何影响您个人有疑问,请咨询您的癌症医生或癌症护理团队的其他成员。
吃有营养的食物可以帮助癌症幸存者管理他们的能量水平,感觉更好,保持更强壮。癌症患者在治疗期间的营养需求取决于他们患有的癌症类型、他们接受的治疗以及他们有什么副作用。
以下是治疗期间饮食良好的一些一般提示:
接受癌症治疗的患者可能会面临饮食挑战,例如食欲不振;咀嚼、吞咽或消化有问题;并且对治疗或癌症感到非常疲倦,所有这些都会影响他们的营养状况。
ACS建议在诊断出癌症后尽快开始营养筛查、评估和咨询:
目标是预防或解决营养缺乏,保持肌肉质量,并控制可能导致饮食问题的治疗副作用。
由于身体活动的诸多好处,ACS建议在诊断出癌症后尽快开始进行身体活动评估和咨询。对于大多数接受癌症治疗的人来说,锻炼身体是安全的。但是,对于人们来说,在开始任何锻炼计划之前咨询他们的护理团队以获取有关选择对他们安全有效的计划的建议仍然很重要。
一旦您的护理提供者告诉您锻炼是安全的,请努力实现当前针对一般健康的身体活动建议:
癌症患者和幸存者在开始锻炼计划时应采取预防措施,包括:
在癌症治疗期间,尝试通过饮食和体育锻炼来保持(甚至增加)肌肉质量。癌症治疗的副作用会导致味觉和嗅觉发生变化、食欲下降或引起消化障碍,这些副作用会导致体重减轻、肌肉质量下降和营养状况不佳。接受影响消化道的癌症治疗的患者体重减轻的风险最大。获得足够的卡路里来预防营养不良并保持健康的体重和力量可以改善您的癌症康复过程。
如果您正在减肥或由于治疗的副作用而无法获得足够的卡路里或蛋白质,以下提示可能会有所帮助:
治疗后,超重或肥胖的幸存者可能会考虑尝试减肥以改善他们的整体健康状况,减少患另一种癌症的机会,并可能降低复发风险并提高某些癌症类型的生存率。如果您对减肥感兴趣,请与您的医疗保健提供者讨论您的选择。
在癌症幸存者中,对于大多数癌症类型,饮酒对癌症复发和生存的影响尚不清楚。对头颈癌和肝癌患者的研究表明,喝酒的人不会像不喝酒的人那样长寿。与其他癌症类型的联系不太清楚。
在癌症治疗期间,患者最好避免或限制饮酒,尤其是当他们开始进行会使他们面临口腔溃疡风险的治疗时,例如头颈部放疗或许多类型的化疗。如果在治疗期间饮酒,应限制饮酒以防止与化疗的相互作用并避免在放射治疗期间加重治疗区域。与您的医疗保健提供者讨论在治疗期间饮酒是否安全。
虽然没有足够的证据为一般癌症幸存者提供关于酒精的具体建议,但酒精摄入是几种癌症的已知原因。因此,建议避免饮酒以预防癌症,包括癌症幸存者。
美国癌症协会对癌症幸存者的建议
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