1、两个首选科目差距不大，偏文科人数较往年有所上涨
首先从首选的物理、历史两个科目来看，总体来说选考两科的比例很接近。而首选历史或物理一定程度上可以反映考生的偏文理程度，我们通过对比2019年其中六个省份的文科生占比情况(见下表)发现，大部分省份的偏文科比例都有所上涨。
说明：表中2019文科占比数据是基于2019年各省发布的一分一段表文理人数计算而来，艺术类考生暂未计入。
为方便大家直观的看出各科目选考比例，我们将这届七省选考数据转换成柱状图：
从上述图表中可以看出，生物的选考比例高居首位，紧接着就是物理和地理两门科目选考人数最多，其次就是历史、化学。而政治科目选考人数最少，这可能与政治这门学科背诵内容多、不容易拿高分的特性有关。
2018年北京卷高考英语试题及解析
带你了解更多升学信息
2018年高考英语真题卷(北京卷)
一、单项填空
1.Hi,I'mPeter.AreyounewhereIhaven'tseenyouaround—Hello,Peter.I'mBob.Ijust_________onMonday.
A.startB.havestartedC.startedD.hadstarted
2._________wedon'tstopclimatechange,manyanimalsandplantsintheworldwillbegone.
A.AlthoughB.WhileC.IfD.Until
3._________alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.
A.TravelB.TravelingC.HavingtraveledD.Traveled
4.Susanhadquitherwell-paidjoband_________asavolunteerintheneighborhoodwhenIvisitedherlastyear.
A.isworkingB.wasworkingC.hasworkedD.hadworked
5.Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,_________helpsthemkeepfit.
A.whichB.whoC.asD.that
6.DuringtheMid-AutumnFestival,familymembersoftengathertogether_________ameal,admirethemoonandenjoymooncakes.
A.shareB.toshareC.havingsharedD.shared
7.China'shigh-speedrailways_________from9,000to25,000kilometersinthepastfewyears.
A.aregrowingB.havegrownC.willgrowD.hadgrown
8.Inanyunsafesituation,simply_________thebuttonandahighly-trainedagentwillgetyouthehelpyouneed.
A.pressB.topressC.pressingD.pressed
9.Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho_________inthemountainsfortwodays.
A.aretrappingB.havebeentrappedC.weretrappingD.hadbeentrapped
10.Ordinarysoap,_________correctly,candealwithbACTeriaeffectively.
A.usedB.touseC.usingD.use
11.Withouthissupport,wewouldn'tbe_________wearenow.
A.howB.whenC.whereD.why
12.Intoday'sinformationage,thelossofdata_________causeseriousproblemsforacompany.
A.needB.shouldC.canD.must
13.Theymighthavefoundabetterhotelifthey_________afewmorekilometers.
A.droveB.woulddriveC.weretodriveD.haddriven
14.—Goodmorning,Mr.Lee'soffice.—Goodmorning.I'dliketomakeanappointment_________nextWednesdayafternoon.
A.forB.onC.inD.at
15.Thisis_________myfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.
A.howB.whichC.thatD.what
二、完形填空
TheHomelessHero
Afterspottinga___3___onthefrontseatinsideaparkedcarwithitswindowdown,hestoodguardintherainforabouttwohourswaitingforthe___4___toreturn.
Afterhoursinthecoldandwet,he___5___insideandpulledthewalletouthopingtofindsomeIDsohecouldcontACT(联系)thedriver,onlyto___6___itcontained￡400innotes,withanother￡50insparechangebesideit.
Hethentookthewallettoanearbypolicestationafter___7___anotebehindtolettheownerknowitwassafe.Whenthecar'sownerJohnAndersonandhiscolleagueCarolLawrencereturnedtothecar—whichwasitselfworth￡35,000—inGlasgowcitycentre,theywere____8___tofindtwopolicemenstandingnexttoit.ThepolicementoldthemwhatMr.Smithdidandthatthewalletwas_____9___.
ThepairwerelaterabletothankMr.Smithforhis___10___.
Mr.Andersonsaid："Icouldn'tbelievethattheguynevertookapenny.Tothinkheissleepingonthestreetstonight___11___hecouldhavestolenthemoneyandpaidforaplacetostayin.Thisguyhasnothingand___12___hedidn'ttakethewalletforhimself;hethoughtaboutothers___13___.It'sunbelievable.Itjustprovesthereare___14___guysoutthere."
Mr.Smith'sACT__15___muchofthepublic'sattention.HealsowonpraisefromsocialmediausersafterMr.Anderson___16___abouttheACTofkindnessonFacebook.
NowMr.Andersonhassetupanonlinecampaignto___17___moneyforMr.Smithandotherhomelesspeopleinthearea,whichbyyesterdayhadreceived￡8,000."Ithinkthefaiththateveryonehasshown___18___himhastouchedhim.Peoplehavebeenapproachinghiminthestreet;he'shadjob___19___andallsorts,"Mr.Andersoncommented.
ForMr.Smith,thisisapossiblelife-changing___20___.Thestoryonceagaintellsusthatonegoodturndeservesanother.
1.A.hopeB.aimC.urgeD.effort
2.A.stillB.evenC.everD.once
3.A.walletB.bagC.boxD.parcel
4.A.partnerB.colleagueC.ownerD.policeman
5.A.turnedB.hidC.steppedD.reached
6.A.discoverB.collectC.checkD.believe
7.A.takingB.leavingC.readingD.writing
9.A.safeB.missingC.foundD.seen
10.A.serviceB.supportC.kindnessD.encouragement
11.A.whenB.ifC.whereD.because
12.A.ratherB.yetC.alreadyD.just
13.A.tooB.thoughC.againD.instead
14.A.honestB.politeC.richD.generous
15.A.gaveB.paidC.castD.drew
16.A.learnedB.postedC.caredD.heard
17.A.borrowB.raiseC.saveD.earn
18.A.ofB.atC.forD.in
19.A.detailsB.changesC.offersD.applications
20.A.lessonB.adventureC.chanceD.challenge
三、阅读理解
17.阅读理解A
MyFirstMarathon(马拉松)
Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.
Irememberbacktomy7thyearinschool.InmyfirstP.E.class,theteacherrequiredustorunlapsandthenhitasoftball.Ididn'tdoeitherwell.HelaterinformedmethatIwas"notathletic".
TheideathatIwas"notathletic"stuckwithmeforyears.WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s,Irealizedrunningwasabattleagainstmyself,notaboutcompetitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.Itwasallaboutthebattleagainstmyownbodyandmind.Atestofwills!
Thenightbeforemymarathon,IdreamtthatIcouldn'tevenfindthefinishline.Iwokeupsweatingandnervous,butreadytoprovesomethingtomyself.
Shortlyaftercrossingthestartline,myshoelaces(鞋带)becameuntied.SoIstoppedtoreadjust.NotthestartIwanted!
Atmile3,Ipassedasign:"GOFORIT,RUNNERS!"
Bymile17,Ibecameoutofbreathandtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.Despitethepain,Istayedthecoursewalkingabitandthenrunningagain.
Bymile21,Iwasstarving!
AsIapproachedmile23,Icouldseemywifewavingasign.Sheismybiggestfan.Shenevermindedthealarmclocksoundingat4a.m.orquestionedmyexpensesonrunning.
Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.InfACT,Igotthesamemedalastheonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.
Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels(世俗标签),Icannowcallmyselfa"marathonwinner".
(1)Amonthbeforethemarathon,theauthor____________.
A.waswelltrainedB.feltscaredC.madeuphismindtorunD.losthope
(2)WhydidtheauthormentiontheP.E.classinhis7thyear
A.Toacknowledgethesupportofhisteacher.B.Toamusethereaderswithafunnystory.
C.Toshowhewasnottalentedinsports.D.Toshareapreciousmemory.
(3)Howwastheauthor'sfirstmarathon
A.Hemadeit.B.Hequithalfway.C.Hegotthefirstprize.D.Hewalkedtotheend.
(4)Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus
A.Amanoweshissuccesstohisfamilysupport.B.AwinnerisonewithaGREateffortofwill.
C.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.D.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.
18.(2018北京)阅读理解B
FindYourAdventureattheSpaceandAviation(航空)Center
Ifyou'relookingforauniqueadventure,theSpaceandAviationCenter(SAC)istheplacetobe.TheCenteroffersprogramsdesignedtochallengeandinspirewithhands-ontasksandlotsoffun.
Morethan750,000havegraduatedfromSAC,withmanyseekingemploymentinengineering,aviation,education,medicineandawidevarietyofotherprofessions.Theycometocamp,wantingtoknowwhatitisliketobeanastronautorapilot,andtheyleavewithreal-worldapplicationsforwhatthey'restudyingintheclassroom.
Forthetrainees,theprogramsalsoofferaGREatwaytoearnmeritbadges(荣誉徽章).AtSpaceCamp,traineescanearntheirSpaceExplorationbadgeastheybuildandfiremodelrockets,learnaboutspacetasksandtrysimulated(模拟)flyingtospacewiththecrewfromallovertheworld.TheAviationChallengeprogramgivestraineesthechancetoearntheirAviationbadge.Theylearntheprinciplesofflightandtesttheiroperatingskillsinthecockpit(驾驶舱)ofavarietyofflightsimulators.TraineesalsogetagoodstartontheirWildernessSurvivalbadgeastheylearnaboutwater-andland-survivalthroughdesignedtasksandtheirsearchandrescueof"downed"pilot.
Withalltheprograms,teamworkiskeyastraineeslearntheimportanceofleadershipandbeingpartofabiggertask.
Allthisfunisavailableforages9to18.Familiescanenjoytheexperiencetogether,too,withFamilyCampprogramsforfamilieswithchildrenasyoungas7.
Stayanhourorstayaweek—thereissomethinghereforeveryone!
Formoredetails,pleasevisitusonlineatwww.oursac.com.
(1)WhydopeoplecometoSAC
A.Toexperienceadventures.B.Tolookforjobsinaviation.
C.TogetadeGREeinengineering.D.Tolearnmoreaboutmedicine.
(2)ToearnaSpaceExplorationbadge,atraineeneedsto.
A.flytospaceB.getanAviationbadgefirst
C.studytheprinciplesofflightD.buildandfiremodelrockets
(3)Whatisthemostimportantfortrainees
A.Leadership.B.Teamspirit.C.Taskplanning.D.Survivalskills.
19.阅读理解C
Plastic-EatingWorms
Humansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills(垃圾填埋场),andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.
ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsoftheGREaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmthattheworms'chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste(糊状物)andappliedittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmass—apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes(酶)fromtheworms'stomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologyin2017.
FedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestudy,saystheworms'abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood—beeswax—alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic."Waxisacomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,thecarbon-carbonbond,isthereaswell,"sheexplains,"Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond."
JenniferDeBruyn,amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeedofbreakingdowninthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes(肠道微生物)
BertocchiniaGREesandhopesherteam'sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess—notsimply"millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic."
(1)Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy
A.Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood.B.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.
C.Theycanconsumeplastics.D.Theywindupinlandfills.
(2)AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn,thenextstepofthestudyisto.
A.identifyothermeansofthebreakdownB.findoutthesourceoftheenzyme
C.confirmtheresearchfindingsD.increasethebreakdownspeed
(3)Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthechemicalmight.
A.helptoraisewormsB.helpmakeplasticbags
C.beusedtocleantheoceansD.beproducedinfACToriesinfuture
(4)Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage
A.Toexplainastudymethodonworms.B.Tointroducethedietofaspecialworm.
C.Topresentawaytobreakdownplastics.D.Toproposenewmeanstokeepeco-balance.
20.阅读理解D
PreparingCitiesforRobotCars
Thepossibilityofself-drivingrobotcarshasoftenseemedlikeafuturist'sdream,yearsawayfrommaterializingintherealworld.Well,thefutureisapparentlynow.TheCaliforniaDepartmentofMotorVehiclesbegangivingpermitsinAprilforcompaniestotesttrulyself-drivingcarsonpublicroads.Thestatealsoclearedthewayforcompaniestosellorrentoutself-drivingcars,andforcompaniestooperatedriverlesstaxiservices.California,itshouldbenoted,isn'tleadingthewayhere.Companieshavebeentestingtheirvehiclesincitiesacrossthecountry.It'shardtopredictwhendriverlesscarswillbeeverywhereonourroads.Buthoweverlongittakes,thetechnologyhasthepotentialtochangeourtransportationsystemsandourcities,forbetterorforworse,dependingonhowthetransformationisregulated.
Whilemuchofthedebatesofarhasbeenfocusedonthesafetyofdriverlesscars(andrightfullyso),policymakersalsoshouldbetalkingabouthowself-drivingvehiclescanhelpreducetrafficjams,cutemissions(排放)andoffermoreconvenient,affordablemobilityoptions.Thearrivalofdriverlessvehiclesisachancetomakesurethatthosevehiclesareenvironmentallyfriendlyandmoreshared.
Dowewanttocopy—orevenworsen—thetrafficoftodaywithdriverlesscarsImagineafuturewheremostadultsownindividualself-drivingvehicles.Theytoleratelong,slowjourneystoandfromworkonpackedhighwaysbecausetheycanwork,entertainthemselvesorsleepontheride,whichencouragesurbanspread.Theytaketheirdriverlesscartoanappointmentandsettheemptyvehicletocirclethebuildingtoavoidpayingforparking.Insteadofwalkingafewblockstopickupachildorthedrycleaning,theysendtheself-drivingminibus.Theconvenienceevenleadsfewerpeopletotakepublictransport—anunwelcomesideeffectresearchershavealreadyfoundinride-hailing(叫车)services.
AstudyfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavissuggestedthatreplacingpetrol-poweredprivatecarsworldwidewithelectric,self-drivingandsharedsystemscouldreducecarbonemissionsfromtransportation80%andcutthecostoftransportationinfrastructure(基础设施)andoperations40%by2050.Feweremissionsandcheapertravelsoundprettyappealing.Thefirstcommerciallyavailabledriverlesscarswillalmostcertainlybefieldedbyride-hailingservices,consideringthecostofself-drivingtechnologyaswellasliabilityandmaintenanceissues(责任与维护问题).Butdriverlesscarownershipcouldincreaseasthepricesdropandmorepeoplebecomecomfortablewiththetechnology.
Policymakersshouldstartthinkingnowabouthowtomakesuretheappearanceofdriverlessvehiclesdoesn'textendtheworstaspectsofthecar-controlledtransportationsystemwehavetoday.Thecomingtechnologicaladvancementpresentsachanceforcitiesandstatestodeveloptransportationsystemsdesignedtomovemorepeople,andmoreaffordably.Thecarofthefutureiscoming.Wejusthavetoplanforit.
(1)Accordingtotheauthor,attentionshouldbepaidtohowdriverlesscarscan__________.
A.helpdealwithtransportation-relatedproblemsB.providebetterservicestocustomers
C.causedamagetoourenvironmentD.makesomepeoplelosejobs
(2)Asfordriverlesscars,whatistheauthor'smajorconcern
A.Safety.B.Sideeffects.C.Affordability.D.Management.
(3)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"fielded"inParagraph4probablymean
A.Employed.B.Replaced.C.Shared.D.Reduced.
(4)Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothefutureofself-drivingcars
A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Disapproving.D.Sympathetic.
四、任务型阅读
WhyDoWeGetAngry
Angerseemssimplewhenwearefeelingit,butthecausesofangerarevarious.Knowingthesecausescanmakeusexamineourbehavior,andcorrectbadhabits.Themainreasonswegetangryaretriggering(触发)events,personalitytraits(特征),andourassessmentofsituations.________
Triggeringeventsforangeraresomanythattodescribethemallwouldtakehundredsofpages.However,herearesomeexamples:beingcutoffintraffic,adeadlineapproaching,experiencingphysicalpain,andmuchmore.________Thereasonwhysomeoneistriggeredbysomethingandothersarenotisoftenduetoone'spersonalhistoryandpsychologicaltraits.
Eachperson,nomatterwhotheyare,haspsychologicalimbalances.Peoplewhohavepersonalitytraitsthatconnectwithcompetitivenessandlowupsettolerancearemuchmorelikelytogetangry.________Also,sometimespre-angerdoesnothavetodowithalastingcondition,butratheratemporarystatebeforeatriggeringeventhasoccurred.
________Sometimesevenroutineoccurrencesbecomesourcesofpre-anger,orangeritself.Sometimesignoranceandnegative(消极的)outlooksonsituationscancreateanger.
________However,angercaneasilyturnviolent,anditisbesttoknowthereasonsforangertoappearinordertopreventitspresence.Withthesemainreasonsinmind,wecanevaluateourlevelofangerthroughoutthedayandpreventcasesofoutburstsbycomprehendingthereasonsforourfeelings.
A.Ourattitudeandviewpointonsituationscancreateangerwithinusaswell.
B.Butsometypesofsituationscanhelpustogetridoftheoccurrenceofanger.
C.AngerisrarelylookeduponasabeneficialcharACTertrait,andisusuallyadvisedtoreduceit.
D.Angerisaparticularlystrongfeelingandmaybepeoplethinkthattheyhavereasonstofeelangry.
E.Havingthesepersonalitytraitsimpliesthepre-angerstate,whereangerisinthebackgroundofyourmind.
F.Understandingthesereasonswillcontrolourownangerifwearewillingtoevaluateourselveswithacriticaleye.
G.NoteveryoneACTsthesameinresponsetoevents,andthatiswhywhattriggersonepersonmayormaynottriggeranother.
五、书面表达
1)表示欢迎;
3)建议他做哪些准备工作。
注意：1)词数不少于50;
2)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
DearJim,
________
Yours,
LiHua
23.(2018北京)假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述你们上周接待外国学生，带领他们体验中国茶文化的全过程。
注意：词数不少于60。
答案解析部分
1.【答案】C
2.【答案】C
【解析】【分析】句意：如果我们不阻止气候变化，世界上的许多动植物会消失。although虽然;while虽然;然而;if如果;until直到。根据句意可知此处表示假设，所以用if引导条件状语从句，故答案为C。
【点评】考查引导状语从句的连词辨析。通读句子，弄清前后句之间的逻辑关系，将连词代入句中，符合逻辑的即为正确答案。
3.【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意：沿着古丝绸之路旅行是一个有趣且很值得的经历。此处是句子的主语，所以动动名词travelling。动词原形、过去式和分词都不能作主语，故答案为B。
【点评】考查非谓语动词，注意能在句中作主语的只有动名词或不定式，动词的其他形式不能充当主语。
4.【答案】B
5.【答案】A
【解析】【分析】句意：她和家人骑车去上班，这帮助他们保持健康。这是一个非限制性定语从句，空格处指代前面整个句子，所以用which引导非限制性定语从句，而且which在从句中作主语。who指人;that不引导定语从句;as通常翻译成“正如;就像”，所以此处可以排除，故答案为A。
【点评】考查引导定语从句的关系词，掌握定语从句的基本定义和关系词的基本用法即可判断正确答案。
6.【答案】B
【解析】【分析】句意：在中秋节期间，家庭成员经常聚在一起共享大餐、赏月、吃月饼。此处表示目的，所以用动词不定式，故答案为B。
【点评】考查动词不定式在句中表示目的的用法。
7.【答案】B
8.【答案】A
【解析】【分析】句意：在任何不安全的环境中，只按一下按钮，一个训练有素的工作人员就会带给你所需要的帮助。句型：祈使句+and/or+表将来的陈述句。所以此处是祈使句部分，所以用动词原形，故答案为A。
【点评】考查并列句的固定句型，牢记基本结构即可。
9.【答案】D
10.【答案】A
【解析】【分析】句意：普通肥皂，正确使用的话，可以有效地杀灭细菌。此处是句子的状语，所以用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是soap，soap与use之间是被动关系，故答案为A。
【点评】考查分词作状语的用法。分词作状语时其逻辑主语是句子的主语，根据动词与逻辑主语之间的关系判断其形式。
11.【答案】C
【解析】【分析】句意：没有他的支持，我们不能到达现在的地步。此处是表语从句，how怎样;如何;when何时;where……的地方;何地;why为什么;根据句意可知指现在的处境，故答案为C。
【点评】考查名词性从句的引导词，理解句意，根据语境判断，注意句子的逻辑。
12.【答案】C
【解析】【分析】句意：在当今的信息时代，数据的丢失对于一家公司来说有时候会造成严重的问题。need需要;should应该;can可能;能够;must必须;一定。本句是对现在情况进行可能的推测，can用于肯定句中表示：“有时候会”;而must意思是“一定会”，根据常识可知丢失数据可能会造成严重的问题，也可能不会造成严重问题，所以用can在逻辑上更严谨，故答案为C。
【点评】考查情态动词表示推测的用法。can用于肯定句表示“有时候会”这一用法比较生僻，需要特别注意。
13.【答案】D
【解析】【分析】句意：要是他们开车多走几公里的话，他们也许会找到一家更好的旅馆。本句是虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反的假设，主句用“mighthave+过去分词”，从句要用过去完成时，故答案为D。
【点评】考查虚拟语气在if条件句中的用法，牢记if条件句中虚拟语气的基本格式即可做出判断。
14.【答案】A
【解析】【分析】句意：---早上好，这是李先生的办公室。---早上好，我想约下周三下午。短语：makeanappointmentfor为……预约。故答案为A。
【点评】考查介词辨析，熟记固定搭配。
15.【答案】D
【解析】【分析】句意：这是我爸爸所教给我的——要直面困难心怀希望。这是表语从句，根据teachsbsth可知从句中缺少直接宾语，所以用what引导。how怎样;which哪一个;that无意义也补充当从句的成分，故答案为D。
【点评】考查表语从句中的引导词的用法，掌握名词性从句连词的基本使用规则：连接词that不作成分;连接代词如what在从句中作主语或宾语;连接副词像when、where、how在从句中作状语。
16.【答案】(1)C;(2)B;(3)A;(4)C;(5)D;(6)A;(7)B;(8)D;(9)A;(10)C;(11)A;(12)B;(13)D;(14)A;(15)D;(16)B;(17)B;(18)D;(19)C;(20)C;
(1)C句意：对很多人而言，找到一个装满400英镑现金且无人看管的钱包都会是种诱惑。而这种欲望对于无家可归、既没食物又没钱的人而言，无疑会更加强烈。A、hope希望;B、aim目标;C、urge强烈的欲望;D、effort努力。有空格前的the可知此处前文提到的temptation(诱惑)，所以此处选择其近义词urge(强烈的欲望)，故答案为C。
(2)B句意：这一切使得无家可归的TomSmith的举动更为不同寻常，引人注目。A、still仍然;B、even甚至;C、ever曾经;D、once曾经;此处修饰比较级，表示强调，故答案为B。
(3)A句意：在发现了在一个没有关窗子的停着的汽车的前排座位上的钱包后，他站在雨中差不多两个小时守护着钱包等着主人归来。A、wallet钱包;B、bag包;C、box盒子;D、parcel包裹。根据第一句提到的anunattendedwalletfilledwith￡400incash可知是钱包，故答案为A。
(4)C句意：他站在雨中差不多两个小时守护着钱包等着主人归来。A、partner搭档;B、colleague同事;C、owner主人;D、policeman警察;守护着钱包，当然是等它的“owner”，故答案为C。
(5)D句意：在寒冷的雨中几个小时后，他把手伸进车里拿出钱包，希望能找到身份证，这样他就可以联系司机了。A、turned转身;B、hid躲藏;C、stepped迈步;D、reached伸手。钱包在车的前排座位上，想要拿到当然需要“伸手”，故答案为D。
(6)A句意：却发现里面有400英镑的钞票，旁边还有50英镑的零钱。A、discover发现;B、collect收集;C、check检查;核对;D、believe相信。打开钱包，“发现”里面有钱，故答案为A。
(7)B句意：然后，他在留下一张便条告诉车主钱包安全，便带着钱包去了附近的警察局。A、taking带走;B、leaving留下;C、reading读;D、writing写。短语：leaveanote/message留便条，故答案为B。
(9)A句意：警察告诉他们史密斯先生的所作所为，还有他的钱包是安全的。A、safe安全的;B、missing丢失的;C、found被发现的;D、seen被看见的。故答案为A。
(10)C句意：后来这两个人能够感谢史密斯先生的善意之举。A、service服务;B、support支持;C、kindness善行;D、encouragement鼓励;此处指前面提到帮助保护钱包的行为，故答案为C。
(11)A句意：既然到他本可以偷了钱并且花钱让自己找一个地方住一晚，但是他今晚还是住在大街上。A、when考虑到;既然;B、if如果;C、where哪里;D、because因为;此处是对史密斯拾金不昧的行为的评价，根据句意，故答案为A。
(12)B句意：这个男的身无分文，然而他还是没有自己拿走钱包。A、rather相当;B、yet然而;C、already已经;D、just只是;表示转折，故答案为B。
(13)D句意：他(没有自己拿走钱包)而是想到了别人。A、too也;B、though不过;然而;C、again又;D、instead代替;而不是。根据句意，故答案为D。
(14)A句意：这是难以置信的，只是证明了有诚实的人。A、honest诚实的;B、polite有礼貌的;C、rich富有的;D、generous慷慨的。这是对史密斯先生的行为的总结，故答案为A。
(16)B句意：在安德森先生把这一善意之举发布在脸谱网上之后，他也赢得了社交媒体用户的赞誉。A、learned了解到;B、posted张贴;C、cared关心;D、heard听见。此处指在网上发布帖子，故答案为B。
(17)B句意：现在安德森先生在网上发起了一个活动，为史密斯先生和这一地区其他无家可归的人募捐。A、borrow借;B、raise募集;C、save节省;D、earn挣;赚。根据下文可知是“募捐”，故答案为B。
(18)D句意：我想每个人对他表现出的信任已经感动了他。show/havefaithin对……信任;故答案为D。
(19)C句意：在街上人们主动接近他，给他提供工作等各种帮助。A、details细节;B、changes变化;C、offers提供;D、applications申请;根据上文提到的人们的募捐，所以此处指人们“主动提供帮助”，故答案为C。
(20)C句意：对于史密斯先生而言，这是一个改变人生的机会。A、lesson教训;B、adventure探险;C、chance机会;D、challenge挑战。根据句意，故答案为C。
17.【答案】(1)C
(2)C
(3)A
(4)B
⑴细节理解。根据题干中的amonthbeforethemarathon可知答案在第一段，由最后一句Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead可知作者决定参加比赛，故答案为C。
⑵细节理解。将题干中的P.E.classinhis7thyear定位在第二段，作者自己在7年纪的时候做得不是很好，后来被老师认为不是一个擅长运动的人，并且第三段提到老师的notathletic一直影响着他，故答案为C。
⑷主旨大意。这是一篇记叙文，在最后一段点题：Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels(世俗标签),Icannowcallmyselfa"marathonwinner"可知，作者是一个意志坚定，通过不懈努力，最终获得了成功的胜利者，故答案为B。
18.【答案】(1)A
(2)D
(3)B
⑴细节理解。根据第一句Ifyou'relookingforauniqueadventure,theSpaceandAviationCenter(SAC)istheplacetobe可在SAC的目的是为了体验冒险的经历，故答案为A。
⑵细节理解。题干中的SpaceExplorationbadge和trainee定位在第三段第二句AtSpaceCamp,traineescanearntheirSpaceExplorationbadgeastheybuildandfiremodelrockets，故答案为D。
⑶细节理解。根据第四段Withalltheprograms,teamworkiskeyastraineeslearntheimportanceofleadershipandbeingpartofabiggertask可知，对于受训者来说，团队精神与协作是最为重要的，故答案为B。
19.【答案】(1)C
(2)B
(3)D
(4)C
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，介绍吃塑料的虫子的工作原理及应用设想。
⑴细节理解。将题干中的wormsinthestudy定位在第二段第二句，thewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams可知这些虫子吃塑料，故答案为C。
⑶推理判断。确定题干中chemical最后一段的最后一句Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess—notsimply"millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.，可知，她期望把化学物质用于某种工业生产中，而不是仅仅把虫子扔到塑料上，故答案为D。
20.【答案】(1)A
【解析】【分析】这一篇科普类议论文，主要谈论在城市里推广无人驾驶汽车会面临哪些问题以及该作何准备。
⑵细节理解。根据第一段Buthoweverlongittakes,thetechnologyhasthepotentialtochangeourtransportationsystemsandourcities,forbetterorforworse,dependingonhowthetransformationisregulated可知，技术对于交通系统和城市的改变是更好还是更差取决于这种转换如何被管理。regulate管理，是manage的同义词，故答案为D。
21.【答案】F;G;E;A;D
【解析】【分析】这是一篇关于心理健康的说明文，介绍了让人生气的三个原因：1、外界诱因事件;2、自身性格;3、对环境的评价。
⑴F此空位于段尾，所以重在理解前文。由Themainreasonswegetangryaretriggering(触发)events可知此处列举产生愤怒的原因，与F中的Understandingthesereasons向呼应，故答案为F。
⑵G后一句说明的是一些人容易受到触发事件影响而他人不会受到影响的原因与个人历史以及心理特征有关，选项G中的whattriggersonepersonmayormaynottriggeranother与someoneistriggeredbysomethingandothersarenotisoftenduetoone'spersonalhistoryandpsychologicaltraits相对应，故答案为G。
⑶E前一句说明了某性格特征的人更容易生气，E中的Havingthesepersonalitytraits与空格前一句中的personalitytraits一致，故答案为E。
⑷A这是段首句，通常为本段的主题句。通过理解段意”某些平常事件会产生愤怒的情绪，有时候无知以及对于事件的负面看法也会导致愤怒的出现，“，所以此处应是”个人对于事件的评估也会导致愤怒情绪的产生“，故答案为A。
⑸D根据后一句的However可知本句话与后一句构成转折关系。angercaneasilyturnviolent意思是愤怒能很容易变得暴力，所以D选项中的maybepeoplethinkthattheyhavereasonstofeelangry与之互为转折，故答案为D。
22.【答案】DearJim,
I'msogladtohearyourfutureeducationplaninBeijinginyourlastletter.FirstIwouldliketoexpressmywarmestwelcometoyouandIamsureyouwillhavethemostunforgettableexperienceduringyourcollegeinBeijing.
LearningyourkeeninterestinChineseculture,IsuggestyouapplyforPekingUniversity,oneofthebestuniversitiesinChina.ItsChineseLiteraturemajorisperfectforyouwhereyoucanbecompletelysoakedinChineseprofoundhistoryandrichculture.Asforpreparation,somereadinginadvanceinneededlikeTheStoryoftheStonewhilesomeonlinecoursesofspokenChinesecanbehelpfulforyoutoadaptintotheChineselanguageenvironment.
Isincerelyhopeyourdreamwillcometrueandit'smypleasuretoshowyouaroundinBeijingwhenthatdaycomes.Ifyouhavefurtherquestions,pleasefeelfreetoletmeknow.
【点评】本题考查的层次很多，一味背模版远远不够，建议平时多训练思维逻辑，掌握应用文写作的结构层次，重要的是语言要活学活用，才能达到写作目的，完成应用文解决的实际情况的写作任务。语言方面，要选取简洁实用的词汇，慎用难词。
23.【答案】Lastweek,wetooktheforeignstudentsinourschooltoexperiencetheauthenticteaculture,whichturnedoutbetoextremelyrewarding.
Onarrivingattheteahouse,theforeignstudentswereimpressedbytheuniqueteapotsandteacups.Igavethemavividandinformativeintroductionofteaculture,includingitsprofoundhistory,itsrichvariety,andtheexquisitecraftsmanshipofmakingteawiththeirinterestGREatlysparked,Ithenbegantoteachthemhowtomaketea.
Inordertodeliveraclearpresentation,Islowlyexplainedthetraditionalprocedureofmakingteaindetail.Absorbedineverymoveofmine,theforeignstudentswereonceagainamazedbythisuniquecultureandtheycouldn'thelptakingpicturesfromtimetotime.
NextcamethemomentwhenIaskedthemtohaveatrythemselves.Washingtheteapots,addingtealeaves,andpouringwaterintothecups,theyfollowedmyinstructionsandwerereallyimmersedincharmingteaculture.Theteahousewitnessedareallyenjoyabletimeforallofus.
AttheendoftheACTivity,holdingtheteabagsinourhands,wetookapicturetomemorizetheunforgettableday.ItsuddenlyhitmethattraditionalcultureliketeaculturewasofGREatcharmandhugevalue.AndIswelledwithpridetospreadourownculturetopeopleallovertheworld.