北京卷2023高考英语真题试卷答案（含解析）
英语是现代社会最为广泛的国际性交流语言，学好英语可以为将来的学习、工作、生活提供更多机会和便利。下面小编为大家带来北京卷2023高考英语真题试卷答案，希望对您有所帮助!
第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Iwasalwaystimid(羞怯的).Beingnewtotheschoolmademeeven____1____,soitwassurprisingI’d____2____toanyonearoundme.NowIwaspayingtheprice﹣towriteafive﹣pageessayon“WhyIShouldNotTalkinClass”.Thatwouldtakeallnight!
AfterIgothome,though.Itookmytimepettingthecat﹣postponingthepain.
WhenIfinallysatdownto____3____,IbeganwiththereasonsMsBlackwouldwanttohear.
Talkingkeptmeandmyneighboursfrom____4____.Oneparagraphdown;nowwhatIchewedonmypencil.Aha!WhatiftalkingwerethefirststeptowardslifeasacriminalWithouttheeducationIwasthrowingaway,I’dturntotheftandgotoprison.WhenIgotout,peoplewouldsay,“Sheusedtotalkinclass.”Thepagesbegan____5____.
Butwhenmumgothomefromwork,Iwasstill____6____,“Fivepages!That’simpossible!”
“Well,you’dbettergetbacktowork,”shesaid.“andIwanttoreaditwhenyou’rethrough.”
Soonafterdinner,Ihandedtheessaytomum.Ihalfexpecteda____7____﹣atleastan“Ihopeyou’velearnedyourlesson”.____8____,mumlaughedandlaughedassheread.
Thenextday,whenMsBlackreadtheessaytotheclass,everyonelaughed.Icould____9____theyweren’tmakingfunofme:theylaughedbecauseIhadthepowertotellafunnystory.My____10____stillneededsomenudging(激发),butIdidlearnIwasn’tshyinprint.
1.A.freerB.shyerC.calmerD.happier
2.A.nodB.pointC.listenD.chat
3.A.weepB.restC.writeD.read
4.A.learningB.playingC.planningD.laughing
5.A.standingoutB.flyingbyC.breakingupD.checkingin
6.A.celebratingB.longingC.complainingD.warning
7.A.lectureB.reasonC.rewardD.solution
8.A.ThereforeB.MoreoverC.MeanwhileD.Instead
9.A.hopeB.imagineC.tellD.predict
10.A.patienceB.confidenceC.toleranceD.independence
第二节(共15分)
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Everycultureisriddledwithunwrittenrules,suchasonesonpunctuality(守时).I’mBritish.SoonaftermovingtoSwitzerland,I____11____(throw)ahouse-warmingpartyandwasgreatlysurprisedwhenall30guestsshowedup____12____(exact)ontime.Yearslater,havingmovedtoFrance.Iturnedupattheappointedhourforadinner,onlytofindthatnootherguest____13____(arrive)andmyhostesswasstillinhersleepingsuit.
B
Mangroves,knownas“redforest”inChina,growbetweenlandandsea,characterisedbytheircomplexroots.When____14____(see)fromafar,themangroveforestsappearmoresplendid.
Mangrovescanhelpsoftenwavesandprotect____15____(city)fromcoastalwinds.Forthesereasons,theyarepraisedas“coastalguardians”.Uptonow,China____16____(establish)anumberofprotectedareaswithmangroves.
C
Ninahasrunmarathonsin32countries.Allofherrunshaveaguidingpurpose:tocallattention____17____globalwaterissues.Ninarecentlyfinishedheryear-longseriesofrunsinChicago,____18____thousandswereattendingawaterconference.Shecalledforaction____19____(address)thestrugglesofpeoplearoundtheworld____20____(face)“toolittlewaterortoodirtywater”.Hereffortshaveencouragedotherstotakepartbyrunningthroughaglobalcampaigncalled“RunBlue”.
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
TheInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC)YoungLeadersprogrammeempowerstalentstomakeapositivedifferenceintheircommunitiesthroughsport.Twenty-fiveYoungLeadersarebeingselectedeverytwoyearsforafour-yearperiod.TheypromotetheOlympicvalues,spreadingthemessageofsportforgood.
TobeanIOCYoungLeader,youneedtofirstcompletethe4-WeekLearningSprint(冲刺).
4-WeekLearningSprint
The4-WeekLearningSprint,whichwilltakeplaceduringNovember2023,isavirtuallearningprogramme.ThesessionscanbeattendedliveorwatchedbackaftertheyaremadeavailableontheIOCchannel.Eachweek,participantswillbeaskedtocompleteatopic﹣specificreflectiontask.
The4-WeekLearningSprintisopentoanyone,withthetargetaudienceagedbetween20and28.
Aftersuccessfullycompletingthe4-WeekLearningSprint,youwillneedtosubmitaplanforasport﹣basedproject,whichyouwillworkonifselectedasanIOCYoungLeader.
RequirementsfortheApplicants
Youhavesuccessfullycompletedthe4-WeekLearningSprint.
Youhavecompletedyourhighschoolstudies.
Youhaveatleastoneyearofworkexperience.
Youhavestrongpublicspeakingskills.
Youareself-motivatedandcommitted.
Youarepassionateaboutcreatingpositivechangeinyourcommunity.
Youareopentobeingcoachedandadvisedbyexpertsandpeers(同伴).
Youareabletoworkwithpeoplefromdifferentbackgrounds.
21.Inthe4-WeekLearningSprint,participantswill________.
A.createchangeintheircommunityB.attendavirtuallearningprogramme
C.meetpeoplefromdifferentbackgroundsD.promotetheIOCYoungLeadersproject
22.IfselectedasanIOCYoungLeader,onewillneedto________.
A.completeareflectiontaskeachweekB.watchsportsontheIOCchannel
C.workonasport-basedprojectD.coachandadvisetheirpeers
23.Whichisarequirementfortheapplicants
A.Spreadingthemessageofsportforgood.B.Havingatleastone-yearworkexperience.
C#FormatImgID_1#Showinggreatpassionforprojectplanning.D.Committingthemselvestobecominganexpert.
Sittinginthegardenformyfriend’sbirthday.Ifeltabuzz(振动)inmypocket.MyheartracedwhenIsawtheemailsender’sname.Theemailstartedoff:“DearMrGreen,thankyouforyourinterest”and“thereviewprocesstooklongerthanexpected.”Itendedwith“Wearesorrytoinformyou…”andmyvisionblurred(模糊).Theposition—measuringsoilqualityintheSaharaDesertaspartofanundergraduateresearchprogramme—hadfeltliketheanswerIhadspentyearslookingfor.
Ihadputsomuchtimeandemotionalenergyintoapplying,andIthoughttherejectionmeanttheendoftheroadformysciencecareer.
SoIwasshockedwhen,notlongaftertheemail,ProfessorMaryDevon,whowasrunningtheprogramme,invitedmetoobservetheworkbeingdoneinherlab.Ijumpedatthechance,andafewweekslaterIwasequallyshocked—andoverjoyed—whensheinvitedmetotalkwithheraboutpotentialprojectsIcouldpursueinherlab.Whatsheproposeddidn’tseemasexcitingastheoriginalprojectIhadappliedto,butIwasgoingtogiveitmyall.
Ifoundmyselfworkingwitharoboticsprofessorontechniquesforcollectingdatafromthedesertremotely.Thatproject,whichIcouldcompletefrommysofainsteadofintheburningheatofthedesert,notonlysurvivedthelockdownbutworkedwheretraditionalmethodsdidn’t.Intheend,Ihadanewscientificinteresttopursue.
WhenIappliedtograduateschool,Ifoundthreeprogrammespromisingtoallowmetofollowmydesiredresearchdirection.AndIappliedwiththesameanxiousexcitementasbefore.WhenIwasrejectedfromonethathadseemedlikeaperfectfit,itwasundoubtedlydifficult.ButthistimeIhadtheperspective(视角)tokeepitfromsendingmeintopanic.IthelpedthatintheendIwasacceptedintooneoftheotherprogrammesIwasalsoexcitedabout.
Ratherthansettingplansinstone,I’velearnedthatsometimesIneedtotaketheopportunitiesthatareoffered,eveniftheydon’tsoundperfectatthetime,andmakethemostofthem.
24.Howdidtheauthorfeeluponseeingtheemailsender’sname
A.Anxious.B.Angry.C.Surprised.D.Settled.
25.AftertalkingwithProfessorDevon,theauthordecidedto________.
A.criticisethereviewprocessB.staylongerintheSaharaDesert
C.applytotheoriginalprojectagainD.puthisheartandsoulintothelabwork
26.Accordingtotheauthor,theprojectwiththeroboticsprofessorwas________.
A.demandingB.inspiringC.misleadingD.amusing
27.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage
A.Aninvitationisareputation.B.Aninnovationisaresolution.
C.Arejectioncanbearedirection.D.Areflectioncanbearestriction.
Inrecentyears,researchersfromdiversefieldshaveagreedthatshort-termismisnowasignificantprobleminindustrialisedsocieties.Theinabilitytoengagewithlonger-termcausesandconsequencesleadstosomeoftheworld’smostseriousproblems:climatechange,biodiversitycollapse,andmore.ThehistorianFrancisColearguesthattheWesthasenteredaperiodwhere“onlythepresentexists,apresentcharacterisedatoncebythecrueltyoftheinstantandbytheboredomofanunendingnow”.
Ithasbeenprovedthatpeoplehaveabias(偏向)towardsthepresent,focusingonloudattractionsinthemomentattheexpenseofthehealth,well-beingandfinancialstabilityoftheirfutureselvesorcommunity.Inbusiness,thisbiassurfacesasshort-sighteddecisions.Andonslow-burningproblemslikeclimatechange,ittranslatesintotheunwillingnesstomakesmallsacrifices(牺牲)todaythatcouldmakeamajordifferencetomorrow.Instead,allthatmattersisnextquarter’sprofit,orsatisfyingsomeothernear-termdesires.
Thesebiasedperspectivescannotbeblamedononesinglecause.Itisfairtosay,though,thatourpsychologicalbiasesplayamajorrole.People’shesitancytodelaysatisfactionisthemostobviousexample,butthereareothers.Oneofthemisabouthowthemostaccessibleinformationinthepresentaffectsdecisionsaboutthefuture.Forinstance,youmighthearsomeonesay:“It’scoldthiswinter,soIneedn’tworryaboutglobalwarming.”Anotheristhatloudandurgentmattersaregiventoomuchimportance,makingpeopleignorelonger-termtrendsthatarguablymattermore.Thisiswhenapopstardrawsfarmoreattentionthan,say,gradualbiodiversitydecline.
Asapsychologistoncejoked,ifaliens(外星人)wantedtoweakenhumanity,theywouldn’tsendships;theywouldinventclimatechange.Indeed,whenitcomestoenvironmentaltransformations,wecandevelopaformofcollective“poormemory”,andeachnewgenerationcanbelievethestateofaffairstheyencounterisnothingoutoftheordinary.Olderpeopletoday,forexample,canrememberatimewithinsect-coveredcarwindscreensafterlongdrives.Children,ontheotherhand,havenoideathatinsectpopulationhasdroppeddramatically.
28.TheauthorquotesFrancisColemainlyto________.
A.drawacomparison
B.introduceatopic
C.evaluateastatement
D.highlightaproblem
29.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph
A#FormatImgID_2#Climatechangehasbeenforgotten.
B.Lessonsofhistoryarehighlyvalued.
C.Thehumanmindisbadatnotingslowchange.
D.Humansareunwillingtoadmittheirshortcomings.
30.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus
A.Far-sightedthinkingmatterstohumans.
B.Humanstendtomakelong-termsacrifices.
C.Currentpoliciesfacilitatefuturedecision-making.
D.Biastowardsthepresenthelpsreducenear-termdesires.
WhatislifeLikemostgreatquestions,thisoneiseasytoaskbutdifficulttoanswer.Thereasonissimple:weknowofjustonetypeoflifeandit’schallengingtodosciencewithasamplesizeofone.Thefieldofartificiallife-calledALifeforshort—isthesystematicattempttospelloutlife’sfundamentalprinciples.Manyofthesepractitioners,so-calledALifers,thinkthatsomehowmakinglifeisthesurestwaytoreallyunderstandwhatlifeis.
Sofarnoonehasconvincinglymadeartificiallife.ThistrackrecordmakesALifearipetargetforcriticism,suchasdeclarationsofthefield’sdoubtfulscientificvalue.AlanSmith,acomplexityscientist,istiredofsuchcomplaints.Askingabout“thepoint”ofALifemightbe,well,missingthepointentirely,hesays.“Theexistenceofalivingsystemisnotabouttheuseofanything.”Alansays.“Somepeopleaskme,‘Sowhat’stheworthofartificiallife’Doyoueverthink,‘Whatistheworthofyourgrandmother’”
AsmuchasmanyALifershateemphasizingtheirresearch’sapplications,theattemptstocreateartificiallifecouldhavepracticalpayoffs.ArtificialintelligencemaybeconsideredALife’scousininthatresearchersinbothfieldsareenamoredbyaconceptcalledopen-endedevolution(演化).Thisisthecapacityforasystemtocreateessentiallyendlesscomplexity,tobeasortof“noveltygenerator”.TheonlysystemknowntoexhibitthisisEarth’sbiosphere.IfthefieldofALifemanagestoreproducelife’sendless“creativity”insomevirtualmodel,thosesameprinciplescouldgiverisetotrulyinventivemachines.
ComparedwiththedevelopmentsofAl,advancesinALifearehardertorecognize.OnereasonisthatALifeisafieldinwhichthecentralconcept—lifeitself—isundefined.ThelackofagreementamongALifersdoesn’thelpeither.Theresultisadiverselineofprojectsthateachadvancealongtheiruniquepaths.Forbetterorworse,ALifemirrorstheverysubjectitstudies.Itsmuddled(混乱的)progressionisastrikingparallel(平行线)totheevolutionarystrugglesthathaveshapedEarthbiosphere.
Undefinedanduncontrolled#FormatImgID_3#ALifedrivesitsfollowerstorepurposeoldideasandgeneratednovelty.Itmaybe,ofcourse,thatthesecharacteristicsaren’tinanywaysurprisingorsingular.Theymayapplyuniversallytoallactsofevolution.UltimatelyALifemaybenothingspecial.Buteventhisdismissalsuggestssomething：perhaps,justlikelifeitselfthroughouttheuniverse,theriseofALifewillproveunavoidable.
31.RegardingAlanSmith’sdefenceofALife,theauthoris.
A.supportiveB.puzzledC.unconcernedD.doubtful
32.Whatdoestheword“enamored”underlinedinParagraph3mostprobablymean
A#FormatImgID_4#Shocked.B.Protected.C.Attracted.D.Challenged.
33.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage
A.ALifeholdsthekeytohumanfuture.B.ALifeandAIshareacommonfeature.
C.AImirrorsthedevelopmentsofALife.D.AIspeedsuptheprocessofhumanevolution.
34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage
A.LifeIsUndefined.CanAIBeaWayOut
B.LifeEvolves.CanAIHelpALifeEvolve,Too
C.LifeIsUndefined.CanALifeBeDefinedOneDay
D.LifeEvolves.CanAttemptstoCreateALifeEvolve,Too
第二节(共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
It’sajoyfulandstressfultimeofyearintheUnitedStatesforstudentsandtheirfamiliesastheymakedecisionsaboutwheretoattendcollege.Familiesoftenturntorankingssystemstohelpmakeadecision.____35____
WhenItalktofamiliesasascholarofhighereducation,they’reoftensurprisedthatteachingexcellenceisnotcountedinrankings.____36____
Emergingresearchsuggeststhatcoursesinlower-rankeduniversities,onaverage,scoredhigheronteachingthancoursesinhigher-rankeduniversities.____37____Theabsenceofteachingexcellencefromtherankingsissurprisinggiventhelinkbetweenhigh-qualityteachingandstudentsuccess.Qualityteachingisoneofthemostimportantpredictorsofawiderangeofcollegeoutcomes.
Rankings,however,areonlyonereasonwhyalowvalueisplacedonteachinginhighereducation.Administratorsoftendon’tviewteachingexcellenceasawaytoincreaseenrolment(注册)orfunding.____38____Researchshowsthatthemoretimeinstructorsspendonteaching,thelowertheirsalary.WhatistheresultManyinstructorscontinuetoteachusingtraditionallectures,whichleadtolowersuccessrates.
____39____Nevertheless,notmuchwillchangeuntilschoolswithhigh-qualityteachingarerewardedwithmoreresources,higherrankingsandincreasedenrolments.Inthelongterm,universities,organisationsthatrankschools,andothersshouldworktomaketeachingavalued,corepartofthemission.
WhatshouldstudentsandtheirfamiliesdoTheyshouldgivestrongconsiderationtouniversitieswherehigh-qualityteachingisvalued,eventhoughtheschoolsmayberankedlower.
A.Highereducationhasachieveditstruepotential.
B.Therefore,it’snothighlyvaluedinhiringorpromotion.
C.Qualityteachinghasbeenanimportantreputation-buildingfactor.
D.However,therankingsignoreacriticalfactor:thequalityofteaching.
E.Effortstoimproveteachingattheuniversitylevelhaverecentlyemerged.
F.They’reevenmoresurprisedathowteachingisundervaluedbyuniversities.
G.Infact,universitiesoftenshiftemphasisfromteachingtootherrankingfactors.
第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节(共4题;第(1)、(2)题各2分，第(3)题3分，第(4)题5分，共12分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Habitformationistheprocessbywhichbehavioursbecomeautomatic.Peopledevelopcountlesshabitsastheyexploretheworld,whethertheyareawareofthemornot.Understandinghowhabitstakeshapemaybehelpfulinchangingbadhabits.
Habitsarebuiltthroughlearningandrepetition.Apersonisthoughttodevelopahabitinthecourseofpursuinggoalsbybeginningtoassociatecertaincues(刺激)withbehaviouralresponsesthathelpmeetthegoal.Overtime,thoughtsofthebehaviourandultimatelythebehaviouritselfarelikelytobetriggered(触发)bythesecues.
A“habitloop(环)”isawayofdescribingseveralrelatedelementsthatproducehabits.Theseelementsarecalledthecue,theroutine,andthereward.Forexample,stresscouldserveasacuethatonerespondstobyeating,whichproducesthereward﹣thereductionofstress.Whilearoutineinvolvesrepeatedbehaviour,it’snotnecessarilyperformedinresponsetoadeep﹣rootedurge,asahabitis.
Oldhabitscanbedifficulttoshake,andhealthyhabitsareoftenhardertodevelop.Butthroughrepetition,it’spossibletoformnewhabits.Theamountoftimeneededtobuildahabitwilldependonmultiplefactors,includingtheindividualandtheintendedbehaviour.Whileyouareabletopickupanewhabitinafewweeks,ittakesmanymonthstobuildahealthyhabit.Takesometimetothinkaboutwhatleadstobadhabitsandre﹣evaluatewhatyougetoutofthem(ordon’t).Considerandkeepinmindwhyyouwanttomakeachange,includinghowthechangereflectsyourvalues.
40.Howarehabitsbuilt
________________________________________________________________
41.Inwhatwayisaroutinedifferentfromahabit
42.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.
Pickingupanewhabittakesafewweek,whilebuildingahealthyhabittakesashortertime.
43.Whatbenefit(s)haveyougotfromoneofyourgoodhabits(Inabout40words)
第二节(20分)
44.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim正在策划一次以“绿色北京”为主题的社团活动，他发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：
(1)活动形式;
(2)活动内容。
注意：(1)词数100左右;
(2)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
DearJim，
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
LiHua
【1~10题答案】
【答案】1.B2.D3.C4.A5.B6.C7.A8.D9.C10.B
【11~13题答案】
【答案】11.wouldthrow
12#FormatImgID_5#exactly
13.hadarrived
【14~16题答案】
【答案】14.seen
15.cities16.hasestablished
【17~20题答案】
【答案】17.to18.where
19.toaddress
20.facing
【21~23题答案】
【答案】21.B22.C23.B
【24~27题答案】
【答案】24.A25.D26.B27.C
【28~30题答案】
【答案】28.D29.C30.A
【31~34题答案】
【答案】31.A32.C33.B34.D
【35~39题答案】
【答案】35.D36.F37.G38.B39.C
【40~43题答案】
【答案】40.Habitsarebuiltthroughlearningandrepetition.
41.Aroutineinvolvesrepeatedbehaviourwhileahabitisadeep﹣rootedurge.
42.Pickingupanewhabittakesafewweek,whilebuildingahealthyhabittakesashortertime.Becausebuildingahealthyhabittakesmanymonths.
43.Ihaveagoodhabitofgoingtobedearlyandgettingupearly.Therefore,Icanstudyenergeticallyeverymorning,whichmakesmestudyefficiently.Also,Iamveryhealthy.
【44题答案】
【答案】DearJim,
Hearingthatyouareplanningaclubactivitywiththethemeof“GreenBeijing”andneedmyhelp,Iamwritingtoofferyoumysuggestions.
Ithinkyoucancarryoutthisactivityinaninteractiveandexperientialmanner,whichmeansstudentscanparticipateandhaveabetterunderstandingof“GreenBeijing”throughgettinginvolvedindifferentactivitiesbythemselves.Youcanshowcasegarbageclassificationonsite,planttreesandpublicizesharingeconomy,whichwillallfitintothethemeof“GreenBeijing”.
Hopefully,youwillgetsomeinspirationfrommysuggestions.Wishyousuccess.
Yours,
相较于其他的省份来说，北京市的高考难度是很小的。根据以往的经验，北京高考难度全国排名第31名，属于较低的难度水平。
从报考人数上看。预计2023年北京高考人数为6万人左右，对比2022年北京高考人数为5.4万，整体难度持平。
从高考试卷上来看，近十年的北京高考试卷难度来看，总体上难度呈现逐渐下降趋势。所以2023年北京高考难度应该是与2022年试题难度保持稳定，所以基本上难度系数与去年相当。