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SectionⅠUseofEnglish
Directions：
Readthefollowingtext。Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankand
markA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
Inourcontemporaryculture,theprospectofcommunicatingwith--oreven
lookingat--astrangerisvirtuallyunbearable.Everyonearoundusseemstoagree
bythewaytheyfiddlewiththeirphones,evenwithouta1underground.
It'sasadreality--ourdesiretoavoidinteractingwithotherhumanbeings--
becausethere's2tobegainedfromtalkingtothestrangerstandingbyyou.
Butyouwouldn'tknowit,3intoyourphone.Thisuniversalarmorsendsthe
4:"Pleasedon'tapproachme."
Whatisitthatmakesusfeelweneedtohide5ourscreens
Oneanswerisfear,accordingtoJonWortmann,executivementalcoach.Wefear
rejection,orthatourinnocentsocialadvanceswillbe6as"creepy,".Wefear
we'llbe7.Wefearwe'llbedisruptive.Strangersareinherently8tous,so
wearemorelikelytofeel9whencommunicatingwiththemcomparedwith
ourfriendsandacquaintances.Toavoidthisanxiety,we10toourphones.
"Phonesbecomeoursecurityblanket,"Wortmannsays."Theyareourhappy
glassesthatprotectusfromwhatweperceiveisgoingtobemore11."
Butonceweripoffthebandaid,tuckoursmartphonesinourpocketsandlook
up,itdoesn't12sobad.Inone2011experiment,behavioralscientists
NicholasEpleyandJulianaSchroederaskedcommuterstodotheunthinkable:Start
a13.TheyhadChicagotraincommuterstalktotheirfellow14."WhenDr.
EpleyandMs.Schroederaskedotherpeopleinthesametrainstationto15
howtheywouldfeelaftertalkingtoastranger,thecommutersthoughttheir16
wouldbemorepleasantiftheysatontheirown,"theNewYorkTimessummarizes.
Thoughtheparticipantsdidn'texpectapositiveexperience,afterthey17with
theexperiment,"notasinglepersonreportedhavingbeensnubbed."
18,thesecommuteswerereportedlymoreenjoyablecomparedwiththose
sanscommunication,whichmakesabsolutesense,19humanbeingsthriveoff
ofsocialconnections.It'sthat20:Talkingtostrangerscanmakeyoufeel
connected.
1.[A]ticket[B]permit[C]signall[D]record
2.[A]nothing[B]link[C]another[D]much
3.[A]beaten[B]guided[C]plugged[D]brought
4.[A]message[B]cede[C]notice[D]sign
5.[A]under[B]beyond[C]behind[D]from
6.[A]misinterprete[B]misapplied[C]misadjusted[D]mismatched
7.[A]fired[B]judged[C]replaced[D]delayed
8.[A]unreasonable[B]ungreatful[C]unconventional[D]unfamiliar
9.[A]comfortable[B]anxious[C]confident[D]angry
10.[A]attend[B]point[C]take[D]turn
11.[A]dangerous[B]mysterious[C]violent[D]boring
12.[A]hurt[B]resist[C]bend[D]decay
13.[A]lecture[B]conversation[C]debate[D]negotiation
14.[A]trainees[B]employees[C]researchers[D]passengers
15.[A]reveal[B]choose[C]predictl[D]design
16.[A]voyage[B]flight[C]walk[D]ride
17.[A]wentthrough[B]didaway[C]caughtup[D]putup
18.[A]Inturn[B]Inparticular[C]Infact[D]Inconsequence
19.[A]unless[B]since[C]if[D]whereas
20.[A]funny[B]simple[C]logical[D]rare
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,
B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
Anewstudysuggeststhatcontrarytomostsurveys,peopleareactuallymore
stressedathomethatatwork.Researchersmeasuredpeople’scortisol,whichis
stressmarker,whiletheywereatworkandwhiletheywereathomeandfoundit
higheratwhatissupposedtobeaplaceofrefuge.
“Furthercontradictingconventionalwisdom,wefoundthatwomenaswellas
menhavelowerlevelsofstressatworkthanathome,”writesoneofthe
researchers,SarahDamaske.Infactwomenevensaytheyfeelbetteratwork,shenotes,“Itismen,notwomen,whoreportbeinghappierathomethanatwork.”
Anothersurpriseisthatthefindingsholdtrueforboththosewithchildrenand
without,butmoresofornonparents.Thisiswhypeoplewhoworkoutsidethe
homehavebetterhealth.
Whatthestudydoesn’tmeasureiswhetherpeoplearestilldoingworkwhen
they’reathome,whetheritishouseholdworkorworkbroughthomefromthe
office.Formanymen,theendoftheworkdayisatimetokickback.Forwomen
whostayhome,theynevergettoleavetheoffice.Andforwomenwhowork
outsidethehome,theyoftenareplayingcatch-up-with-householdtasks.Withthe
blurringofroles,andthefactthatthehomefrontlagswellbehindtheworkplacein
makingadjustmentsforworkingwomen,it’snotsurprisingthatwomenaremore
stressedathome.
Butit’snotjustagenderthing.Atwork,peopleprettymuchknowwhat
they’resupposedtobedoing:working,makingmoney,doingthetaskstheyhave
todoinordertodrawanincome.Thebargainisverypure:Employeeputsinhours
ofphysicalormentallaborandemployeedrawsoutlife-sustainingmoola.
Onthehomefront,however,peoplehavenosuchclarity.Rareisthehousehold
inwhichthedivisionoflaborissoclinicallyandmethodicallylaidout.Therearea
lotoftaskstobedone,thereareinadequaterewardsformostofthem.Yourhome
colleagues-yourfamily-havenoclearrewardsfortheirlabor;theyneedtobe
talkedintoit,orifthey’reteenagers,threatenedwithcompleteremovalofall
electronicdevices.Plus,they’reyourfamily.Youcannotfireyourfamily.Younever
reallygettogohomefromhome.
Soit’snotsurprisingthatpeoplearemorestressedathome.Notonlyarethe
tasksapparentlyinfinite,theco-workersaremuchhardertomotivate.
21.AccordingtoParagraph1,mostprevioussurveysfoundthathome_______
[A]wasanunrealisticplaceforrelaxation
[B]generatedmorestressthantheworkplace
[C]wasanidealplaceforstressmeasurement
[D]offeredgreaterrelaxationthantheworkplace
22.AccordingtoDamaske,whoarelikelytobethehappiestathome
[A]Workingmothers
[B]Childlesshusbands
[C]Childlesswives
[D]Workingfathers
23.Theblurringofworkingwomen’srolesreferstothefactthay_______
[A]theyarebothbreadwinnersandhousewives
[B]theirhomeisalsoaplaceforkickingback
[C]thereisoftenmuchhouseworkleftbehind
[D]itisdifficultforthemtoleavetheiroffice
24.Theword“moola”(Line4,Para4)mostprobablymeans_______
[A]energy
[B]skills
[C]earnings
[D]nutrition
25.Thehomefrontdiffersfromtheworkplaceinthat_______
[A]homeishardlyacozierworkingenvironment
[B]divisionoflaborathomeisseldomclear-cut
[C]householdtasksaregenerallymoremotivating
[D]familylaborisoftenadequatelyrewarded
Text2
Foryears,studieshavefoundthatfirst-generationcollegestudents-thosewho
donothaveaparentwithacollegedegree-lagotherstudentsonarangeof
educationachievementfactors.Theirgradesarelowerandtheirdropoutratesare
higher.Butsincesuchstudentsaremostlikelytoadvanceeconomicallyifthey
succeedinhighereducation,collegesanduniversitieshavepushedfordecadesto
recruitmoreofthem.Thishascreated“aparadox”inthatrecruitingfirstgeneration
students,butthenwatchingmanyofthemfail,meansthathigher
educationhas“continuedtoreproduceandwiden,ratherthanclose”ab
achievementgapbasedonsocialclass,accordingtothedepressingbeginningofa
paperforthcominginthejournalPsychologicalScience.
Butthearticleisactuallyquiteoptimistic,asitoutlinesapotentialsolutiontothis
problem,suggestingthatanapproach(whichinvolvesaone-hour,next-to-no-cost
program)canclose63percentoftheachievementgap(measuredbysuchfactors
asgrades)betweenfirst-generationandotherstudents.
Theauthorsofthepaperarefromdifferentuniversities,andtheirfindingsare
basedonastudyinvolving147students(whocompletedtheproject)atan
unnamedprivateuniversity.Firstgenerationwasdefinedasnothavingaparent
withafour-yearcollegedegree.Mostofthefirst-generationstudents(59.1percent)
wererecipientsofPellGrants,afederalgrantforundergraduateswithfinancial
need,whilethiswastrueonlyfor8.6percentofthestudentswitatleastoneparent
withafour-yeardegree.
Theirthesis-thatarelativelymodestinterventioncouldhaveabigimpact-was
basedontheviewthatfirst-generationstudentsmaybemostlackingnotin
potentialbutinpracticalknowledgeabouthowtodealwiththeissuesthatface
mostcollegestudents.Theycitepastresearchbyseveralauthorstoshowthatthis
isthegapthatmustbenarrowedtoclosetheachievementgap.
Manyfirst-generationstudents“struggletonavigatethemiddle-classcultureof
highereducation,learnthe‘rulesofthegame,’andtakeadvantageofcollege
resources,”theywrite.Andthisbecomesmoreofaproblemwhencollagesdon’t
talkabouttheclassadvantageanddisadvantagesofdifferentgroupsofstudents.
BecauseUScollegesanduniversitiesseldomacknowledgehowsocialclasscan
affectstudents’educationalexperience,manyfirst-generationstudentslacksight
aboutwhytheyarestrugglinganddonotunderstandhowstudents’likethem
canimprove.
26.Recruitingmorefirst-generationstudentshas_______
[A]reducedtheirdropoutrates
[B]narrowedtheachievementgao
[C]misseditsoriginalpurpose
[D]depressedcollegestudents
27.Theauthoroftheresearcharticleareoptimisticbecause_______
[A]theproblemissolvable
[B]theirapproachiscostless
[C]therecruitingratehasincreased
[D]theirfindingappealtostudents
28.Thestudysuggeststhatmostfirst-generationstudents______
[A]studyatprivateuniversities
[B]arefromsingle-parentfamilies
[C]areinneedoffinancialsupport
[D]havefailedtheircollage
29.Theauthorofthepaperbelievethatfirst-generationstudents_______
[A]areactuallyindifferenttotheachievementgap
[B]canhaveapotentialinfluenceonotherstudents
[C]maylackopportunitiestoapplyforresearchprojects
[D]areinexperiencedinhandlingtheirissuesatcollege
30.Wemayinferfromthelastparagraphthat_______
[A]universitiesoftenrejectthecultureofthemiddle-class
[B]studentsareusuallytoblamefortheirlackofresources
[C]socialclassgreatlyhelpsenricheducationalexperiences
[D]collegesarepartlyresponsiblefortheprobleminquestion
Text3
Evenintraditionaloffices,“thelinguafrancaofcorporateAmericahasgotten
muchmoreemotionalandmuchmoreright-brainedthanitwas20yearsago,”
saidHarvardBusinessSchoolprofessorNancyKoehn.Shestartedspinningoff
examples.“IfyouandIparachutedbacktoFortune500companiesin1990,we
wouldseemuchlessfrequentuseoftermslikejourney,mission,passion.There
weregoals,therewerestrategies,therewereobjectives,butwedidn’ttalkabout
energy;wedidn’ttalkaboutpassion.”
Koehnpointedoutthatthisneweraofcorporatevocabularyisvery
“team”-oriented—andnotbycoincidence.“Let’snotforgetsports—in
male-dominatedcorporateAmerica,it’sstillabigdeal.It’snotexplicitly
conscious;it’stheideathatI’macoach,andyou’remyteam,andwe’reinthis
together.TherearelotsandlotsofCEOsinverydifferentcompanies,butmost
thinkofthemselvesascoachesandthisistheirteamandtheywanttowin.”
Thesetermsarealsointendedtoinfuseworkwithmeaning—and,asKhurana
pointsout,increaseallegiancetothefirm.“Youhavetheimportationof
terminologythathistoricallyusedtobeassociatedwithnon-profitorganizations
andreligiousorganizations:Termslikevision,values,passion,andpurpose,”said
Khurana.
Thisnewfocusonpersonalfulfillmentcanhelpkeepemployeesmotivated
amidincreasinglylouddebatesoverwork-lifebalance.The“mommywars”ofthe
1990sarestillgoingontoday,promptingargumentsaboutwhywomenstillcan’t
haveitallandbookslikeSherylSandberg’sLeanIn,whosetitlehasbecomea
buzzwordinitsownright.Termslikeunplug,offline,life-hack,bandwidth,and
capacityareallaboutsettingboundariesbetweentheofficeandthehome.Butif
yourworkisyour“passion,”you’llbemorelikelytodevoteyourselftoit,evenif
thatmeansgoinghomefordinnerandthenworkinglongafterthekidsareinbed.
Butthisseemstobetheironyofofficespeak:Everyonemakesfunofit,but
managersloveit,companiesdependonit,andregularpeoplewillinglyabsorbit.
AsNunbergsaid,“Youcangetpeopletothinkit’snonsenseatthesametime
thatyoubuyintoit.”Inaworkplacethat’sfundamentallyindifferenttoyourlife
anditsmeaning,officespeakcanhelpyoufigureouthowyourelatetoyour
work—andhowyourworkdefineswhoyouare.
31.AccordingtoNancyKoehn,officelanguagehasbecome_____
[A]moreemotional
[B]moreobjective
[C]lessenergetic
[D]lessstrategic
32.“team”-orientedcorporatevocabularyiscloselyrelatedto_______
[A]historicalincidents
[B]genderdifference
[C]sportsculture
[D]athleticexecutives
33.Khuranabelievesthattheimportationofterminologyaimsto______
[A]revivehistoricalterms
[B]promotecompanyimage
[C]fostercorporatecooperation
[D]strengthenemployeeloyalty
34.ItcanbeinferredthatLeanIn________
[A]voicesforworkingwomen
[B]appealstopassionateworkaholics
[C]triggersdcbatesamongmommies
[D]praisesmotivatedemployees
35.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutofficespeak
[A]Managersadmireitbutavoidit
[B]Linguistsbelieveittobenonsense
[C]Companiesfindittobefundamental
[D]Regularpeoplemockitbutacceptit
Text4
Manypeopletalkedofthe288,000newjobstheLaborDepartmentreportedfor
June,alongwiththedropintheunemploymentrateto6.1percent,asgoodnews.
Andtheywereright.Fornowitappearstheeconomyiscreatingjobsatadecent
pace.Westillhavealongwaytogotogetbacktofullemployment,butatleastwe
arenowfinallymovingforwardatafasterpace.
However,thereisanotherimportantpartofthejobspicturethatwaslargely
overlooked.Therewasabigjumpinthenumberofpeoplewhoreportvoluntarily
workingpart-time.Thisfigureisnow830,000(4.4percent)aboveitsyearagolevel.
BeforeexplainingtheconnectiontotheObamacare,itisworthmakingan
importantdistinction.Manypeoplewhoworkpart-timejobsactuallywantfull-time
jobs.Theytakepart-timeworkbecausethisisalltheycanget.Anincreasein
involuntarypart-timeinJune,butthegeneraldirectionhasbeendown.Involuntary
part-timeemploymentisstillfarhigherthanbeforetherecession,butitisdownby
640,000(7.9percent)fromitsyearagolevel.
Weknowthedifferencebetweenvoluntaryandinvoluntarypart-timeemployment
becausepeopletellus.ThesurveyusedbytheLaborDepartmentaskspeopleif
theyworkedlessthan35hoursinthereferenceweek.Iftheansweris“yes,”they
areclassifiedasworkingpart-time.Theysurveythenaskswhethertheyworkedless
than35hoursinthatweekbecausetheywantedtoworklessthanfulltimeor
becausetheyhadnochoice.Theyareonlyclassifiedasvoluntarypart-timeworkers
iftheytellthesurveytakertheychosetoworklessthan35hoursaweek.
Theissueofvoluntarypart-timerelatestoObamacarebecauseoneofthemain
purposeswastoallowpeopletogetinsuranceoutsideofemployment.Formany
people,especiallythosewithserioushealthconditionsoffamilymemberswith
serioushealthconditions,beforeObamacaretheonlywaytogetinsurancewas
throughajobthatprovidedhealthinsurance.
However,Obamacarehasallowedmorethan12millionpeopletoeitherget
insurancethroughMedicaidortheexchanges.Thesearepeoplewhomay
previouslyhavefelttheneedtogetafull-timejobthatprovidedinsuranceinorder
tocoverthemselvesandtheirfamilies.WithObamacarethereisnolongeralink
betweenemploymentandinsurance.
36.Whichpartofthejobspicturewasneglected
A.Theprospectofathrivingjobmarket.
B.Theincreaseofvoluntarypart-timejobs.
C.Thepossibilityoffullemployment.
D.Theaccelerationofjobcreation.
37.Manypeopleworkpart-timebecausethey
A.preferpart-timejobstofull-timejobs
B.feelthatisenoughtomakeendsmeet
C.cannotgettheirhandsonfull-timejobs
D.haven’tseentheweaknessofthemarket
38.Involuntarypart-timeemploymentintheUS
A.ishardertoacquirethanoneyearago
B.showsageneraltendencyofdecline
C.satisfiestherealneedofthejobless
D.islowerthanbeforetherecession
39.ItcanbelearnedthatwithObamacare,__________.
A.itisnolongereasyforpart-timerstogetinsurance
B.employmentisnolongerapreconditiontogetinsurance
C.itisstillchallengingtogetinsuranceforfamilymembers
D.full-timeemploymentisstillessentialforinsurance.
40.Thetextmainlydiscusses____________.
A.employmentintheUS
B.part-timerclassification
C.insurancethroughMedicaid
D.Obamacare’strouble
SectionIIITranslation
46.Directions:
TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishintoChinese.Writeyourtranslationon
ANSWERSHEET2.(15points)
Thinkaboutdrivingaroutethat’sveryfamiliar.Itcouldbeyourcommutetowork,
atripintotownorthewayhome.Whicheveritis,youknoweverytwistandturnlike
thebackofyourhand.Onthesesortsoftripsit’seasytozoneoutfromtheactual
drivingandpaylittleattentiontothepassingscenery.Theconsequenceisthatyou
perceivethatthetriphastakenlesstimethanitactuallyhas.
Thisisthewell-travelledroadeffect:peopletendtounderestimatethetimeittakes
totravelafamiliarroute.
Theeffectiscausedbythewayweallocateourattention.Whenwetraveldowna
well-knownroute,becausewedon’thavetoconcentratemuch,timeseemsto
flowmorequickly.Andafterwards,whenwecometothinkbackonit,wecan’t
rememberthejourneywellbecausewedidn’tpaymuchattentiontoit.Sowe
assumeitwasshorter.
47.Directions:
Supposeyouruniversityisgoingtohostasummercampforhighschoolstudents.
Writeanotice
(1)brieflyintroducethecampactivities,and
(2)callforvolunteers
Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.
Donotuseyournameorthenameofyouruniversity.
Donotwriteyouraddress.
PartB
48.Directions:
Writeanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyourwriting,yourshould