2014考研英语一试题真题(完整版)考研真题解析

Section1UseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosetheword(s)foreachnumberedbl

作者

Section1UseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosetheword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Asmanypeoplehitmiddleage,theyoftenstarttonoticethattheirmemoryandmentalclarityarenotwhattheyusedtobe.Wesuddenlycan'tremember___weputthekeysjustamomentago,oranoldacquaintance'sname,orthenameofanoldbandweusedtolove.Asthebrain___,werefertotheseoccurrencesan"seniormoments."___seeminglyinnocent,thislossofmentalfocuscanpotentiallyhavea(n)___impactonourprofessional,social,andpersonal___.

Neuroscientists,expertswhostudythenervoussystem,areincreasinglyshowingthatthere'sactuallyalotthatcanbedone.It___outthatthebrainneedsexerciseinmuchthesamewayourmusclesdo,andtherightmental___cansignificantlyimproveourbasiccognitive___.Thinkingis___essentiallya___ofmakingconnectionsinthebrain.Toacertainextent,ourabilityto___inmarkingtheconnectionsthatdriveintelligenceisinherited.abilityto___inmakingtheconnectionsaremadethrougheffortandpractice,___,becausetheseconnectionsaremadethrougheffortandpractice,scientistsbelievethatintelligencecanexpandandfluctuate___mentaleffort.

Now,anewWeb-basedcompanyhastakenitastep___anddevelopedthefirst"braintrainingprogram"designedtoactuallyhelppeopleimproveandregaintheirmental___.

TheWeb-basedprogram___youtosystematicallyimproveyourmemoryandattentionskills.Theprogramkeeps___ofyourprogressandprovidesdetailedfeedback___yourperformanceandimprovement.Mostimportantly,it___modifiesandenhancesthegamesyouplayto___onthestrengthsyouaredeveloping-muchlikea(n)___exerciseroutinerequiresyoutoincreaseresistanceandvaryyourmuscleuse.

1.[A]where[B]when[C]that[D]why

2.[A]improves[B]fades[C]recovers[D]collapses

3.[A]If[B]Unless[C]Once[D]While

4.[A]uneven[B]limited[C]damaging[D]obsucure

5.[A]wellbeing[B]envirenment[C]relationahip[D]outlook

6.[A]turns[B]finds[C]points[D]figures

7.[A]roundabouts[B]responses[C]workouts[D]associations

8.[A]genre[B]functions[C]cicumstances[D]criterion

9.[A]channel[B]condition[C]sequence[D]process

10.[A]persist[B]believe[C]excel[D]feature

11.[A]Therefore[B]Moreover[C]Otherwise[D]However

12.[A]accordingto[B]regardlessof[C]apartfrom[D]insteadof

13.[A]back[B]further[C]aside[D]around

14.[A]sharpness[B]stability[C]framework[D]flexibility

15.[A]forces[B]reminds[C]hurries[D]allows

16.[A]hold[B]track[C]order[D]pace

17.[A]to[B]with[C]for[D]on

18.[A]irregularly[B]habitually[C]constantly[D]unusually

19.[A]carry[B]put[C]build[D]take

20.[A]risky[B]effective[C]idle[D]familiar

Section2ReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

Inorderto"changelivesforthebetter"andreduce"dependency."GeorgeOsbome,ChancelloroftheExchequer,inroducedthe"upfrontworksearch"sebeme.OnlyifthejoblessarriveatthejobcentrewithaCV.registerforonlinejobsearch,andstartlookingforworkwilltheybeeligibleforbenefit-andthentheyshouldreportweeklyratherthanfortnightly.Whatcouldbemorereasonable

Moreapparentreasonablenessfollowed.Therewillnowbeaseven-daywaitforthejobseeker'sallowance."Therefirstfewdaysshouldbespentlookingforwork,notlookingtosignon."he4claimed,"We'redoingthesethingsbecauseweknowtheyhelppeoplestayoffbenefitsandhelpthoseonbenefitsgetintoworkfaster."HelpRellayOnfirsthearing,thiswasthesociallyconcernedchancellor,tryingtochangelivesforthebetter,completewith"reforms"toanobviouslyindulgentsystemthatdemandstoolittleeffortfromthenewlyunemployedtofindwork,andsubsidiseslaziness.Whatmotivatedhim,weweretounderstand,washiszealfor"fundamentalfairness"-protectingthetaxpayer,controllingspendingandensuringthatonlythemostdescringclaimantsreceivedtheirbenefits.

Losingajobishurting:youdon'tskipdowntothejobcenterwithasonginyourheart,delightedattheprospectofdoublingyourincomefromthegenerousstate.Itisfinanciallyterrifying,psychologicallyembarrassingandyouknowthatsuportisminimalandextraordinarilyhardtoget.Youarenownotwanted;youarenowexcludedfromtheworkenvironmentthatofferspurposeandstructureinyourlife.Worse,thecrucialincometofeedyourselfandyourfamilyandpaythebillshasdisappeared.Askanyonenewlyunemployedwhattheywantandtheanswerisalways:ajob.

ButinOsbomeland,yourfirstinstinctistofallintodepency-permanentdependencyifyoucangetit-supportedbyastateonlytooreadytoindulgeyourfalsehood.Itisasthough20yearsoferer-thougherreformsofthejobsearchandbenefitadministrationsystemneverhappend.TheprincipleofBritishwelfareisnolongerthatyoucnainsureyourselfagainsttheriskofunemploymentandreceiveunconditionalpaymentsifthedisasterhappens.Eventheveryphrase"jobseeker'sallowance"isaboutredefiningrheunemployedasa"jobseeker"whohadnofundamentalrighttoabenefitheorshehasearnedthroughmakingnationalinsurancecontributions.Instead,theclaimantreceivesatime-limited"allowance,"conditionalonactivelyseekingajob;noentitlementandnoinsurance,at$71.70aweek,oneoftheleastgenerousintheEU.

21.GeorgeOsborue'sschemewasintendedto

[A]providetheunemployedwitheasieraccesstobenefits.

[B]encouragejobseekersactiveengagementinjobseeking.

[C]motivatetheunemployedtoreportvoluntarily.

[D]guaranteejobseekerslegitimaterighttobenefits.

22.Thephrase"tosignon"mostprobablymeans

[A]tocheckontheavailabilityofjobsatthejobcentre.

[B]toacceptthegovernment'srestrictionontheallowance.

[C]toregisterforanallowanceformthegovernment.

[D]toattendagovernmentjob-trainingprogram.

23.Whatpromptedthechancellortodevelophisscheme

[A]Adesiretosecureabetterlifeforall

[B]Aneagernesstoprotecttheunemployed.

[C]Anurgetobegeneroustotheclaimants.

[D]Apassiontoensurefairnessfortaxpayers.

24.AccordingtoParagraph3,beingunemployedmakesonefeel

[A]uneasy

[B]enraged

[C]insulted

[D]guilty

25.Towhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthormostprobablyagree

[A]TheBritishwelfaresystemindulgesjobseekerslaziness.

[B]Osborne'sreformswillreducetheriskofunemployment.

[C]Thejobseekers'allowancehasmettheiractualneeds.

[D]Unemploymentbenefitsshouldnotbemadeconditional.

Text2

Allaroundtheworld,lawyersgeneratemorehostilitythanthemembersofanyotherprofession-withthepossibleexceptionofjournalism.ButtherearefewplaceswhereclientshavemoregroundsforcomplaintthanAmerica.

DuringthedecadebeforetheeconomiccrisisspendingonlegalservicesinAmericagrewtwiceasinflation.Thebestlawyersmadeskyscrapers-fullofmoney,temptingevermorestudentstopileintolawschools.Butmostlawgraduatesnevergetabig-firmjob.Manyoftheminsteadbecomethekindofnuisance-lawsuitfilerthatmakesthetortsystemacostltnightmare.

Therearemanyreasonsforthis.Oneistheexcessivecostsofalegaleducation.ThereisjustonepathforalawerinmostAmericanstatesafour-yearundergraduatedegreeinsomeunrelatedsubject,thenathree-yearlawdegreeatoneof200lawschoolsauthorizedbytheAmericanBarAssociationandanexpensivepreparationforthebarexam.Thisleavestoday'saveragelaw-schoolgraduatewith$1000,000ofdebtontopofundergraduatedebts.Law-schooldebtmeansthattheyhavetoworkfearsomelyhard.

Reformingthesystemwouldhelpbothlawyersandtheircustomers.Sensibleideashavebeenaroundforalongtime,butthestate-levelbodiesthatgoverntheprofessionhavebeentooconservativetoimplementthem.Oneideaistoallowpeopletostudylawasanundergraduatedegree.Anotheristoletstudentssitforthebarafteronlytwoyearsoflawschool.Ifthebarexamistrulyastemenoughtestforawould-belawyer,thosewhocansititearliershouldbeallowedtodoso.Studentswhodonotneedtheextratrainingcouldcuttheirdebtmountainbyathird.

Theotherreasonwhycostsaresohighistherestrictiveguild-likeownershipsyuctureofthebusiness.ExceptintheDistrictofColumbia,non-lawyersmaynotownanyshareofalawfirm.Thiskeepsfeeshighandinnovationslow.Thereispressureforchangefromwithintheprofession,butopponentsofchangeamongtheregulatorsinsistthatkeepingoutsidersoutofalawfirmisolateslawyersfromthepressuretomakemoneyratherthanserveclientsethically.

Infact,allowingnon-lawyerstoownsharesinlawfirmswouldreducecostsandimproveservicestocustomers,byencouraginglawfirmstousetechnologyandimproveservicestocustomers,byencouraginglawfirmstousetechnologyandtoemployprofessionalmanagerstofocusonimprovingfirms'efficiency.

Afterall,othercountries,suchasAustraliaandBritain,havestartedliberalizingtherelegalprofessions.Americashouldfollow.

26.Alotofstudentstakeuplawastheirprofessiondueto

[A]thegrowingdemandfromclients.

[B]theincreasingpressureofinflation.

[C]theprospectofworkinginbigfirms.

[D]theattractionoffinancialrewards.

27.WhichofthefollowingaddstothecostsoflegaleducationinmostAmericanstates

[A]Highertuitionfeesforundergraduatestudies.

[B]Admissionsapprovalfromthebarassociation.

[C]Pursuingabachelor'sdegreeinanothermajor.

[D]Receivingtrainingbyprofessionalassociations.

28.Hindrancetothereformofthelegalsystemoriginatesfrom

[A]lawyers'andclients'strongresistance.

[B]therigidbodiesgoverningtheprofession.

[C]thesternexamforwould-belawyers.

[D]non-professionals'sharpcriticism.

29.Theguild-likeownershipstructureisconsidered"restrictive"partlybecauseit

[A]bansoutsiders'involvementintheprofession.

[B]keepslawyersfromholdinglaw-firmshares.

[C]aggravatestheethicalsituationinthetrade.

[D]preventslawyersfromgainingdueprofits.

30.Inthistext,theauthormainlydiscusses

[A]flawedownershipofAmerica'slawfirmsandcauses.

[B]thefactorsthathelpmakeasuccessfullawyerinAmerican.

[C]aprobleminAmerica'slegalprofessionandsolutionstoit.

[D]theroleofundergraduatestudiesinAmerica'slegaleducation.

Text3

TheUSS3-millonFundamentalPhysicsPrizeisindeedaninterestingexperimentasAlexanderPolyakovsaidwhenheacceptedthisyear'sawardinMachAnditisfarfromtheonlyoneoflucrativeawardsforresearchershavejoinedtheNobelPrizesinrecentyears.Many,liketheFundamentalPhysicsPrizearefundedfromthetelephone-number-sizedbankaccountsofinternetentrepreneurs.Thesebenefactorshavesucceededintheirchosenfields,theysay,andtheywanttousetheirwealthtodrawattentiontothosewhohavesucceededinscience.

What'snottolikeQuitealot,accordingtoahandfulofscientistsquotedintheNewsFeature.Youcannotbuyclass,astheoldsayinggoes,andtheseupstartentrepreneurscannotbuytheirprizestheprestigeoftheNobels.Thenewawardsareanexerciseinself-promotionforthosebehindthem,sayscientists.Theycoulddistortthestatusquoofpeer-reviewedresearch.Theydonotfundpeer-reviewedresearch.Theyperpetuatethemythofthelonegenius.

Thegoalsoftheprize-giversseemasscatteredasthecriticism.Somewanttoshock,otherstodrawpeopleintoscience,ortobetterrewardthosewhohavemadetheircareersinresearch.

AsNaturehaspointedbefore,therearesomelegitimateconcernsabouthowscienceprizes-bothnewandold-aredistributed.ThebreakthroughprizeinLifeSciences,launchedthisyear,takesanunrepresentativeviewofwhatthelifesciencesinclude.ButtheNobelFoundation'slimitoflimitofthreerecipientsperprize,eachofwhommuststillbeliving,haslongbeenoutgrownbythecollaborativenatureofmodernresearch-aswillbedemonstratedbytheinevitablerowoverwhoisignoredwhenitcomestoacknowledgingthediscoveryoftheHiggsboson.TheNobelswere,ofcourse,themselvessetupbyaveryrichindividualwhohaddecidedwhathewantedtodowithhisownmoney.Time,ratherthanintention,hasgiventhemlegitimacy.

Asmuchassomescientistsmaycomplainaboutthenewawards,twothingsseemclear.First,mostresearcherswouldacceptsuchaprizeiftheywereofferedone.Second,itissurelyagoodthingthatthemoneyandattentioncometoscienceratherthangoelsewhere.Itisfairtocriticizeandquestionthemechanism-thatisthecultureofresearch,afterall-butitistheprize-givers'moneytodowithastheyplease.Itiswisetotakesuchgiftswithgratitudeandgrace.

31.TheFundamentalphysicsPrizeisseenas

[A]asymboloftheentrepreneurs'wealth

[B]apossiblereplacementoftheNobelPrizes

[C]anexampleofbankers'investments

[D]ahandsomerewardforresearchers

32.Thecriticsthinkthatthenewawardswillmostbenefit

[A]theprofit-orientedscientists

[B]thefoundersofthenewawards

[C]theachievement-basedsystem

[D]peer-review-ledresearch

33.ThediscoveryoftheHiggsbosonisatypicalcasewhichinvolves

[A]contreversiesovertherecipients'status

[B]thejointeffortofmodernresearchers

[C]legitimateconcernsoverthenewprizes

[D]thedemonstrationofresearchfindings

34.AccordingtoParagraph4,whichofthefollowingistrueoftheNobels

[A]Theirendurancehasdonejusticetothem

[B]Theirlegitimacyhaslongbeenindispute

[C]Theyarethemostrepresentativehonor

[D]Historyhasnevercastdoubtonthem

35.theauthorbelievesthatthenowawardsare

[A]acceptabledespitethecriticism

[B]harmfultothecultureofresearch

[C]subjecttoundesirablechanges

[D]unworthyofpublicattention

Text4

"TheHeartoftheMatter,"thejust-releasedreportbytheAmericanAcademyofArtsandSciences(AAAS),deservespraiseforaffirmingtheimportanceofthehumanitiesandsocialsciencestotheprosperityandsecurityofliberaldemocracyinAmerica.Regrettably,however,thereport'sfailuretoaddressthetruenatureofthecriticsfacingliberaleducationmaycausemoreharmthangood.

In2010,leadingcongressionalDemocratsandRepublicanssentlinerstotheAAASaskingthatitidentifyactionsthatcouldbetakenby"federal,atsteandlocal"to"maintainnationalexcellenceinhumanitiesandsocialscientificscholarshipandeducation."Inresponse,theAmericanAcademyformedtheCommissionontheHumanitiesandSocialSciences.Amongthecommission's51membersaretop-tier-universitypresidents,scholars,lawyers,judges,andbusinessexecutives.Aswelladprominentfiguresfromdiplomacy,filmmaking,musicandjournalism.

Thegoalsidentifiedinthereportaregenerallyadmirable.Becauserepresentativegovernmentrepresentativegovernmentpresupposesaninformedcitizenry,thereportsupportsfullliteracy,stressesthestudyofhistoryandgovernment,particularlyAmericanhistoryandAmericangovernment;andencouragestheuseofnewdigitaltechnologies.Toencourageinnovationandcompetition,thereportcallsfornicatedinvestmentinresearch,thecraftingofcoherentcurriculathatimprovestudents'abilitytosolveproblemsandcommunicateeffectivelyinthe21stcentury,increasedfundingforteachersandtheencouragementofscholarstobringtheirlearningtobearonthegreatchallengersoftheday.Thereportalsoadvocatesgreaterstudyofforeignlanguages,internationalaffairsandtheexpansionofstudyabroadprograms.

Unfortunately,despite2%yearsinthemaking,"TheheartoftheMatter"nevergetstotheheartofthematter,theilliberalnatureoflibraryeducationatourleadingcollegesanduniversities.ThecommissionignoresthatforseveraldecadesAmerica'scollegesanduniversitieshaveproducedgraduateswhodon'tknowthecontentandcharacterofliberaleducationandarethusdeprivedofitsbenefits.Sadly,thespiritofinquiryonceathomeoncampushasbeenreplacedbytheuseofhumanitiesandsocialsciencesanvehiclesforpublicizing"progressive,"orleft-liberalpropaganda.

Today,professorsroutinelytreattheprogressiveinterpretationofhistoryandprogressivepublicpolicyasthepropersubjectofstudywhileportrayingconservativeorclassicalliberalideas-suchasfreemarketsandself-reliance-asfallingoutsidetheboundariesofroutine,andsometimeslegitimate,intellectualinvestigation.

TheAAASdisplaysgreatenthusiasmforliberaleducation.YetitsreportmaywellsetbackreformbyobscuringthedepthandbreadthofthechallengethatCongressaskedittoilluminate.

36.AccordingtoParagraph1,whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardtheAAAS'sreport

[A]Critical

[B]Appreciative.

[C]Contemptuous.

[D]Tolerant.

37.InfluentialfiguresintheCongressrequiredthattheAAASreportonhowto

[A]retainpeople'sinterestinliberaleducation.

[B]definethegovernment'sroleineducation.

[C]keepaleadingpositioninliberaleducation.

[D]safeguardindividuals'rightstoeducation.

38.AccordingtoParagraph3,thereportsuggest

[A]anexclusivestudyofAmericanhistory.

[B]agreateremphasisontheoreticalsubjects.

[C]theapplicationofemergingtechnologies.

[D]fundingforthestudyofforeignlanguages.

40.Whichofthefollowingwouldwouldbethebesttitlefortext

[A]WaystoGrasp"TheHeartoftheMatter"

[B]IlliberalEducationand"TheHeartoftheMatter"

[C]TheAAAS'sContributiontoLiberalEducation

[D]ProgressivePolicyvs.LiberalEducation

PartB

Directions

Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.Forquestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Gandfillingthemintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsAandEhavebeencorrectlyplaced.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)

[A]Somearchaeologicalsiteshavealwaysbeeneasilyobservable-forexample,theParthenoninAthens,Greece;thepyramidsofGizainEgypt;andthemegalithsofStonehengeinsouthernEngland.Butthesesitesareexceptionstothenorm.Mostarchaeologicalsiteshavebeenlocatedbymeansofcarefulsearching,whilemanyothershavebeendiscoveredbyaccident.OlduvaiGorge,anearlyhominidsiteinTanzania,wasfoundbyabutterflyhunterwholiterallyfellintoitsdeepvalleyin1911.ThousandsofAztecartifactscametolightduringthediggingoftheMexicoCitysubwayinthe1970s.

[B]Inanothercase,AmericanarchaeologistsReneMillionandGeorgeCowgillspentyearssystematicallymappingtheentirecityofTeotihuacanintheValleyofMexiconearwhatisnowMexicoCity.AtitspeakaroundAD600,thiscitywasoneofthelargesthumansettlementsintheworld.Theresearchersmappednotonlythecity'svastandornateceremonialareas,butalsohundredsofsimplerapartmentcomplexeswherecommonpeoplelived.

[C]HowdoarchaeologistsknowwheretofindwhattheyarelookingforwhenthereisnothingvisibleonthesurfaceofthegroundTypically,theysurveyandsample(maketestexcavationson)largeareasofterraintodeterminewhereexcavationwillyieldusefulinformation.Surveysandtestsampleshavealsobecomeimportantforunderstandingthelargerlandscapesthatcontainarchaeologicalsites.

[D]Surveyscancoverasinglelargesettlementorentirelandscapes.Inonecase,manyresearchersworkingaroundtheancientMayacityofCopan,Honduras,havelocatedhundredsofsmallruralvillagesandindividualdwellingsbyusingaerialphotographsandbymakingsurveysonfoot.theresultingsettlementmapsshowhowthedistributionanddensityoftheruralpopulationaroundthecitychangeddramaticallybetweenAD500and850,whenCopancollapsed.

[E]Tefindtheirsites,archaeologiststodayrelyheavilyonsystematicsurveymethodsandavarietyofhigh-technologytoolsandtechniques,Airbornetechnologies,suchasdifferenttypesofradarandphotographicequipmentcarriedbyairplanesorspacecraft,allowarchaeologiststolearnaboutwhatliesbeneaththegroundwithoutdigging,Aerialsurveyslocategeneralareasofinterestorlargerburiedfeatures,suchanancientbuildingsorfields.

[F]Mostarchaeologicalsites,however,arediscoveredbyarchaeologistswhohavesetouttolookforthem.Suchsearchescantakeyears.BritisharchaeologistHowardCarterknewthatthetomboftheEgyptianpharaohTutankhamunexistedfrominformationfoundinothersites.CartersiftedthroughrubbleintheValleyoftheKingforsevenyearsbeforebelocatedthetombin1922.Inthelate1800sBritisharchaeologistSirArthurEvanscombedantiquedealers'storesinAthens,GreeceHewassearchingfortinyengravedsealsattributedtotheancientMycenaeanculturethatdominatedGreecefromthe1400sto1200sBC.Evans'sinterpretationsoftheseengravingseventuallyledhimtofindtheMinoanpalaceatKnossos(Knosos),ontheislandofCrete,in1900.

[G]Groundsurveysallowarchaeologiststopinpointtheplaceswheredigswillbesuccessful.Mostgroundsurveysinvolvealotofwalking,lookingforsurfacecluessuchassmallfragmentsofpottery,Theyoftenincludeacertainamountofdiggingtotestforburiedmaterialsatselectedpointsacrossalandscape.Archaeologistsalsomaylocateburiedremainsbyusingsuchtechnologiesasgroundradar,magnetic-fieldrecording,andmetaldetectors.Archaeologistscommonlyusecomputerstomapsitesandthelandscapesaroundsites.Twoandthree-dimensionalmapsarehelpfultoolsinplanningexcavations,illustratinghowsiteslook,andpresentingtheresultsofarchaeologicalresearch.

PARTC

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthemtranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Musicmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeopleandsometimesevendifferentthingstothesamepersonatdifferentmomentsofhislife.Itmightbepoetic,philosophical,sensual,ormathematical,butinanycaseitmust,inmyview,havesomethingtodowiththesoulofthehumanbeing.Henceitismetaphysical;butthemeansofexpressionispurelyandexclusivelyphysical:sound.Ibelieveitispreciselythispermanentcoexistenceofmetaphysicalmessagethroughphysicalmeansthatisthestrengthofmusic.(46)Itisalsothereasonwhywhenwetrytodescribemusicwithwords,allwecandoisarticulateourreactionstoit,andnotgraspmusicitself.

Beethoven'simportanceinmusichasbeenprincipallydefinedbytherevolutionarynatureofhiscompositions.Hefreedmusicfromhithertoprevailingconventionsofharmonyandstructure.SometimesIfeelinhislateworksawilltobreakallsignsofcontinuity.Themusicisabruptandseeminglydisconnected,asinthelastpianosonata.Inmusicalexpression,hedidnotfeelrestrainedbytheweightofconvention.(47)Byallaccountshewasafreethinkingperson,andacourageousone,andIfindcourageanessentialqualityfortheunderstanding,letalonetheperformance,ofhisworks.

ThiscourageousattitudeinfactbecomesarequirementfortheperformersofBeethoven'smusic.Hiscompositionsdemandtheperformertoshowcourage,forexampleintheuseofdynamics.(48)Beethoven'shabitofincreasingthevolumewithanintensecrescendoandthenabruptlyfollowingitwithasuddensoftpassagewasonlyrarelyusedbycomposersbeforehim.

Beethovenwasadeeplypoliticalmaninthebroadestsenseoftheword.Hewasnotinterestedindailypolitics,butconcernedwithquestionsofmoralbehaviorandthelargerquestionsofrightandwrongaffectingtheentiresociety.(49)Especiallysignificantwashisviewoffreedom,which,forhim,wasassociatedwiththerightsandresponsibilitiesoftheindividual:headvocatedfreedomofthoughtandofpersonalexpression.

Beethoven'smusictendstomovefromchaostoorderasiforderwereanimperativeofhumanexistence.Forhim,orderdoesnotresultfromforgettingorignoringthedisordersthatplagueourexistence;orderisanecessarydevelopment,animprovementthatmayleadtotheGreekidealofspiritualelevation.ItisnotbychancethattheFuneralMarchisnotthelastmovementoftheEroicaSymphony,butthesecond,sothatsufferingdoesnothavethelastword.(50)OnecouldinterpretmuchoftheworkofBeethovenbysayingthatsufferingisinevitable,butthecouragetofightitrenderslifeworthliving.

Section3Writing

51.Directions:

Writealetterofabout100wordstothepresidentofyouruniversity,suggestinghowtoimprovestudents'physicalcondition.

Youshouldincludethedetailsyouthinknecessary.

YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)

52.Directions:

Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould

1)describethedrawingbriefly,

2)interpretitsintendedmeaning,and

3)giveyourcomments.

YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET(20points)

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