印刷术/*活字印刷术：printing/movable-typeprinting
造纸术：paper-making
指南针：compass
火药：gunpowder
丝绸之路：theSilkRoad
瓷器/*陶器：china/pottery
硬币/纸币：coins/paperbills
对外贸易/海外贸易/*海上贸易：foreigntrade/overseastrade/maritimecommerce
古代文明：ancientcivilization
文化交流：culturalexchange
文化冲突：culturalshock/culturalconflict
文化产业：culturalindustry
文化遗产：culturalheritage
乡村文化：ruralculture
民族文化：nationalculture
民间艺术：folkart
表演艺术：performingart
特征：feature/characteristic
祖先：ancestor
哲学家：philosopher
中国文学：Chineseliterature
中外学者：Chineseandoverseasscholars
巨著：greatworks
显著成就：remarkableachievements
神话/传说：myth/legend
阳历/阴历：solarcalendar/lunarcalendar
金/木/水/火/土：metal/wood/water/fire/earth
工艺/手工艺品：craft/handicraft
唐朝：TangDynasty
统治/统治者：govern(v.)rule(v)/ruler(n.)
在...统治下：duringthereignof...
权力/权威：power/authority
戏剧/京剧/剧院：drama/PekingOpera/theater
诗人/政客：poet/politician
少数民族：ethnicminority
社会地位：socialstatus
起源于：originatein/from…
（在一个地方起源用in，从一个地方起源用from）
追溯到:betracedbackto…/trace…backto…
发源地：birthplace
古代：ancienttimes
现代：moderntimes
独特元素：auniqueelement
组成（选一背诵即可）：
AconstituteB/AcompriseB/AmakeupB（A组成B）
BconsistofA/BiscomposedofA（B由A组成）
【常见错误：切忌不要用compriseof】
工业革命：industrialrevolution
代表：represent/standfor
象征：symbolize(v.)/symbolic(adj.)/symbol(n.)
繁荣：prosperous(adj.)/prosperity(n.)/flourish(v.)
国宝：nationaltreasure
*腐败：corruption
*扩大领土：extendtheterritory/domain
*夺取政权：seizethepower
*才子佳人：giftedscholarsandbeautifulladies
*下棋饮茶：playchessanddrinktea
*耕耘收割：sowandreap
*织布缝衣：weaveandsew
*湖上打渔：fishonthelake
*砍柴采药：cutfirewoodandgatherherbs
*吟诗作画：composepoemsandpaintpictures
经典模板句练习：
1.中国武术（martialart）的起源可以追溯到自卫的需要、狩猎活动以及古代中国的军事训练(CET-4)。
TheoriginofChinesemartialartcanbetracedbacktotheneedsofself-defense,huntingandancientChinesemilitarytraining.
2.构成现在世界基础的许多元素都起源于中国(CET-4)。
Manyelementswhichconstitute/comprisethefoundationofthemodernworldoriginatedinChina.
3.最出名的就是门神和三大神——福神、薪神和寿神（ThreeGodsofBlessing,SalaryandLongevity），寓意着庄稼丰收，家畜兴旺和庆祝春节(CET-4,6)。
ThemostfamousonesareDoorGodsandThreeGodsofBlessing,Salary
andLongevity,symbolizing/whichsymbolizethegood/abundantharvestofcrops,the
prosperityofdomestic/homeanimalsandthecelebrationoftheSpringFestival.
4.那时，黄色是专为皇帝使用的颜色，皇家宫殿全都漆成黄色，皇袍总是黄色的，而普通老百姓是禁止穿黄色衣服的(CET-4)。
Atthattime,yellowwasonly/exclusivelyusedfortheemperor.Theroyalpalacewaspaintedyellowandtheimperialrobewasalwaysyellow.However,ordinarypeoplewereforbiddentowearclothesofthecolor.
5.反应在艺术和文学中的乡村生活理想是中国文明的重要特征。这在很大程度上归功于道家（Taoist）对自然的感情。(CET-6)
TherurallifeidealreflectedintheartsandliteratureisanimportantfeatureofChinesecivilization.This,toalargeextent,canbeattributedtotheTaoistaffectiontowardsnature.
6.汉朝统治期间有很多显著的成就，它最先向其他文化敞开了大门，对外贸易兴旺。汉朝开拓的丝绸之路通向中西亚乃至罗马，各类艺术流派繁荣，涌现了很多文学，历史，哲学巨著。(CET-6)
ThereareanumberofremarkableachievementsduringthereignoftheHandynasty,whichfirstunlockedthedoortootherculturesandmadeforeigntradeprosperous.TheSilkRoadwhichtheHandynastyhasexploredledtoCentralandWesternAsia,andeventoRome,withallvarietiesofartschoolsflourishingandmanyworksinliterature,historyandphilosophy.
7.大妈是对中年妇女的称呼，但是现在特指不久前金价大跌时大量购买黄金的中国妇女。(CET-6)
Theword“dama”isusedtodescribemiddle-agedwomen.However,itparticularlyreferstothoseChinesewomenwhorushedtopurchasealargeamountofgoldwhenthegoldpricedecreasedsharplynotlongago.
8.宋朝还最早使用火药并发明了活字（movable-type）印刷。人口增长迅速，越来越多的人住进城市，那里有热闹的娱乐场所。社会生活多种多样。人们聚集在一起观看和交易珍贵艺术品。宋朝的政府体质在当时也是先进的。政府官员均通过竞争性考试选拔任用。(CET-6)
TheSongDynastywasthefirsttousegunpowderandtoinventmovable-typeprinting.Withrapidlyincreasingpopulation,moreandmorepeoplemovedintocities,inwhichentertainmentvenueswereverybusy.Therearemanyformsofsociallife.TheSongdynastyalsohadanadvancedgovernmentsystemintheworld.Allofthegovernmentofficialswereselectedandappointedthroughthecompetitiveexamination.
二.旅游城市类
风景/风光：scenery/landscape
目的地：destination
景点：touristattraction/scenicspot
游览：sightseeing(n.)/seethesight
历史古迹：historicsite
文物：culturalrelic
位于：belocatedin
以…而闻名/作为…而闻名：befamousfor…/befamousas
享誉盛名：earnagreatreputation
有…年历史：hasahistoryof…years
面积/人口：area/population
平方公里：squarekilometers
规模：scale
渔村/水乡：fishingvillage/watertown
偏远地区：remoteareas
日出/日落：sunrise/sunset
湿润的/干燥的：wet(humid)/dry
宏伟壮丽：magnificent
治疗疾病：treatdiseases
温泉/瀑布：hotspring/waterfall
园林建筑：gardenarchitecture
寺庙/殿堂：temple/hall
塔：pagoda/tower
楼：mansion
亭：pavilion
溪/河/海：stream/river/sea
林/田/*牧：forest/field/pasture
东南角/东南部：southeasterncorner/southeasternpart
华北：NorthChina/northernChina/northernregionsofChina
陕南：southernShaanxi
江南：YangtzeRiverDelta
山东省中部：inthecenterofShandongProvince
*蜿蜒小路：windingroad/trail
朝圣/朝圣者pilgrimage/pilgrim
*避暑胜地：summerresort
*美不胜收：toomanybeautifulthingstobeappreciatedatonce
*闻名遐迩：knownfarandwide
*奇花异草：exoticflowersandherbs
*络绎不绝：anendlessstream
山水画：landscapepainting
摄影：photography
获得灵感：obtaininspiration
缆车：cablecars
新趋势：newtrend/tendency
背包旅行/背包客：backpacking/backpacker
体验文化：experiencecultures
丰富知识：enlargeknowledge
拓展视野：broadenhorizon
生活节奏：lifetempo/pace
餐馆/旅馆：restaurant/hotel
住宅/集市/庭院：dwelling/market/courtyard
洪水/干旱：flood/drought
衣食住行：clothing,meals,accommodation,transportation
月饼：mooncake
海鲜：seafood
年糕：ricecake
饺子：dumplings
面条：noodle
面粉：flour
粥：porridge
米饭（水稻）：rice
谷物（粮食）：grain
小麦：wheat
三明治：sandwich
汉堡：hamburger
汤：soup
菜：dish/cuisine（dish是一道菜，cuisine是菜肴、烹饪）
糖/盐/醋/酒/油：sugar/salt/vinegar/wine/oil
色/香/味/行：color/aroma/taste/appearance
酸/甜/苦/辣/咸/淡：sour/sweet/bitter/spicy/salty/light
煮/炸/熏/烤：boil/fry/smoke/bake(roast,grill)
西瓜/葡萄：watermelon/grape
1.黄山位于安徽省南部。它风景独特，尤以其日出和云海著称。(CET-4)。
MountHuangislocatedinthesouthofAnhuiprovince.Withuniquesceneries,itisparticularlyfamousforthesunriseandtheseaofclouds.
2.年轻游客数量的不断增加，可以归因于他们迅速提高的收入和探索外部世界的好奇心。(CET-4)。
Thenumberofyoungtourists/travelers/visitorsisincreasing,whichcanbeattributedtotherapidgrowthoftheirincomeandthecuriositytoexploretheoutsideworld.
ItissaidthatMotse,oneofthephilosophersinancientChina,spentthreeyearsinWeifanginmakingthefirstkiteintheworld,andthatthekitefellandcrashedonthefirstdaywhenitflewinthesky.
4.中国南方大多种植水稻，人们通常以大米为主食；而华北大部分地区因为过于寒冷或过于干燥，无法种植水稻，那里的主要作物是小麦。(CET-4)。
RiceismainlygrowninsouthernChinawherepeopleusuallytakericeasthestaplefood.However,becauseitiseithertoocoldortoodry,itisimpossibletogrowriceinmostofthenorthernregionsofChina,sothemaincropthereiswheat.
5.丽江到处都是美丽的自然风光，众多的少数民族同胞提供了各式各样、丰富多彩的文化让游客体验。(CET-4)
ThereisbeautifulnaturalsceneryeverywhereinLijiang,andmanyethnicalminoritiesprovidetouristswithagreatvarietyofculturalexperiences.
6.珠江是华南一大河系，流经广州市，是中国第三长的河流，仅次于长江和黄河。(CET-4)
ThePearlRiver,anextensiveriversysteminsouthernChina,flowsthroughGuangzhouCity.ItistheChina’sthirdlongestriverwhichisonlyaftertheYangtzeRiverandtheYellowRiver.
7.长江流经多种不同的生态系统，是诸多濒危物种的栖息地，灌溉了中国五分之一的土地。(CET-4)
Flowingthroughmanydifferentecosystems,theYangtzeRiveristhehabitattoawholehostofendangeredspeciesandirrigatesonefifthofthelandinChina.
8.中国园林是经过三千多年演变而成的独具一格的园林景观。它既包括为皇室成员享乐而建造的大型花园，也包括学者、商人和卸任的政府官员为摆脱嘈杂的外部世界而建造的私家花园。这些花园构成了一种意在表达人与自然之间应有的和谐关系的微缩景观。典型的中国园林四周有围墙，园内有池塘、假山（rockworks）、树木、花草以及各种各样由蜿蜒的小路和走廊连接的建筑。漫步在花园中，人们可以看到一系列精心设计的景观犹如山水画卷（scroll）一般展现在面前。(CET-6)
TheChinesegardenhasbecomealandscapeofauniquestyleafteranevolvementofmorethan3000years.Itincludesnotonlythelargegardensbuiltforroyalmemberstoenjoythemselves,butalsotheprivategardensbuiltforscholars,merchantsandretiredgovernmentworkerstogetridofthenoisyoutsideworld.Thesegardensconstituteaminiaturedesignedtoexpresstheharmoniousrelationshipbetweenmanandnature.AtypicalChinesegardenissurroundedbywalls.Inthegarden,thereareponds,rockworks,trees,flowersandallkindsofbuildingswhicharelinkedbywindingtrailsandcorridors.Wanderinginthegarden,peoplemayfeelthataseriesofwell-designedsceneryexhibititselfbeforeuslikealandscapescroll.
三.科学教育类
大一/大二/大三/大四：freshman/sophomore/junior/senior
学士/硕士/博士：bachelor/master/doctor
获得学位：obtain/receiveadegree
文凭/证书：diploma/certificate
学年：academicyear
学期：term/semester
学习成绩：academicrecord
学习表现：academicperformance
学分：credit
毕业论文：thesis[本硕]dissertation[博士]
文科/理科：arts/science
本科生：undergraduate
大学毕业生：college/universitygraduates
研究生：postgraduate
博士生：Ph.D.candidate
幼儿园：kindergarten
小学：primaryschool/elementaryschool
中学：secondaryschool/highschool
系/主修/辅修：department/major/minor
教学设施：teachingfacility
食堂：dininghall/canteen
宿舍：dormitory
选修课：elective/optionalcourse
学费：tuitionfee
教授/副教授/讲师：professor/associateprofessor/lecturer
全体老师：faculty
终身教育：lifelongeducation
*素质教育：quality-orientededucation
*应试教育：exam-orientededucation
理论知识：theoreticalknowledge
实践知识：practicalknowledge
信息时代：informationage
逃课：skipclass
*德智体美劳全面发展：allarounddevelopmentofmoral,intellectual,physical,aestheticsandlaboreducation
学习氛围：learningatmosphere
激发兴趣：stimulateone’sinterest
开发潜力：tapone’spotential
学生减负：reducestudyload
做兼职：workpart-time
*自我约束：self-discipline
自我训练：self-training
代沟：generationgap
*辍学/失学学生：schooldropout/leaver
*课外活动：extracurricularactivity/after-schoolprogram
学生会：students’association
*研讨会：seminar
考研：taketheGraduateSchoolAdmissionTest
创业：start/buildone’sownbusiness
出国/出国留：goabroad/studyabroad
就业：get/findajob
重点大学：keyuniversity
招生：recruit(v.)/recruitment(n.)
录取：enroll(v.)/enrollment(n.)
申请入学：applyforadmissionto/into…
高考：CollegeEntranceExamination/
雇主/雇员：employer/employee
职业培训：jobtraining
奖学金：scholarship
专门人才：professionalpersonnel
创新：innovation
1.通过阅读，人们能更好的学会感恩、有责任心和与人合作。(CET-4)。
By/Throughreading,peoplecanbetterlearntobegrateful,responsibleandcooperative.
2.美国网民更多的是受实际需要的驱使，用互联网为工具发电子邮件、买卖商品、做研究、规划旅程或付款。(CET-4)。
TheAmericannetizensaremorelikelytobedrivenbypracticalneeds,usingtheInternetasatooltosendemails,buyandsellproducts,makeresearches,arrangetripsormakepayments.
3.中国的创新正以前所未有的速度蓬勃发展。(CET-4)。
China’sinnovationisdeveloping/flourishingatanunprecedentedspeed.
Chineseparentsusuallypaytoomuchattentiontotheirchildren’sstudy/thestudyoftheirchildren.
四.政治经济类
一千：onethousand
一万：tenthousand
百万：onemillion
十亿：onebillion
收益/成本/利润/花费：benefit/cost/profit/expense
优等品/劣质品：superiorgoods/inferiorgoods
风险/投资：risk/investment
商品：commodity
消费：consumption(n.)/consume(v.)
折扣：discount
发达的/发展中/欠发达：developed/developing/underdeveloped
经济危机：economiccrisis
*经济衰退：economicrecession
经济萧条：economicdepression
经济复苏：economicrecovery
*货币贬值：devaluation
*通货膨胀：inflation
*顺差/逆差：favorablebalance/adversebalance
*关税：tariff
*债务减免：debtrelief
*国内补贴：domesticsubsidy
可持续发展：sustainabledevelopment
私营企业：privateenterprise
购买力：purchasingpower
预算：budget
*风险资本：venturecapital
经济调节：economicregulation
*技术密集型产业：technology-intensiveindustry
*劳动密集型产业：labor-intensiveindustry
出口/进口：export/import
生产力：productivity
零售/批发：retail/wholesale
需求/供给：demand/supply
满足需求：meettheneed
实施/推行：implement/carryout
强调：emphasize
提倡：advocate
号召：callon
共同努力：jointeffort
*集体的/个人的：collective/individual
改善/增强/提高/推动：improve/enhance/boost/promote
解决：tackle/dealwith/solve/address
人力资源：humanresources
就业机会：jobopportunity
国家安全：nationalsecurity
*边界谈判：boundarynegotiation
核能：nuclearenergy
*维持外交关系：maintaindiplomaticrelations
*维护世界和平：safeguardworldpeace
盗版：piracy
基因芯片：geneticchip
改革开放：reformandopening-up
技术转让：technologytransfer
航天技术：spacetechnology
*尖端技术：state-of-the-arttechnology/cutting-edgedtechnology
*改造传统：renovateconventionalindustries
*建设国家创新体系：developanationalinnovationsystem
工程中心：engineeringcenter
*专利：patent
*应用型科研机构：application-basedresearchinstitution
*工业升级：industrialupgrade
生物技术/生命科学：biotechnology/lifescience
纳米技术：nanotechnology
*网络犯罪：cybercrime
网民：netizen
教育公平：educationequality
教育器材：educationequipment
沿海城市：coastalcity
占…比例：accountfor…percent
*签署合同：signacontract
消除贫困：eliminate/reduce/getridofpoverty
环境保护：environmentalprotection
污染预防：pollutionprevention
污染控制：pollutioncontrol
治理环境污染：curbenvironmentalpollution
基本政策：basicpolicies
*废水/废气：wastewater/wastegas
*环境恶化：environmentaldegradation/deterioration
城市的/城市化：urban/urbanization
农村的：rural
*开发可再生资源：developrenewableresources
濒危野生动物：endangeredwildlife
*机械/机械化：machinery/mechanization
补充词汇：
必修课：requiredcourse
春节：theSpringFestival
除夕：LunarNewYear’sEve
中秋节：Mid-autumnFestival
清明节：Tomb-sweepingFestival
元宵节：LanternFestival
端午节：DragonBoatFestival
年夜饭：familyreuniondinner
烟花/爆竹：fireworks/firecracker
赏灯：viewthelanterns
*拜年：payaNewYearcall
豆类：bean
1.中国政府创建了深圳经济特区，作为实施社会主义市场经济的试验田。(CET-4)
TheChinesegovernmentestablishedtheShenzhenSpecialEconomicZoneastheexperimentalplotforimplementationofsocialistmarketeconomy.
2.仅在11月11日，中国消费者就从国内最大的购物平台购买了价值90亿美元的商品。中国有不少这样的特殊购物日。因此，快递业（courier）在中国扩展就不足为奇了。(CET-4)
JustonNov.11th,Chinesecustomersbought9billiondollarsofgoodsfromthebiggestonlineshoppingwebsite.SincetherearemanysuchspecialshoppingdaysinChina,itisnowonderthatcourierserviceshaveexpandedinChina.
3.为了促进教育公平，中国已经投入360亿元，用于改善农村地区教育设施和加强中西部地区农村义务教育。(CET-4)
Inordertopromotetheequalityineducation,Chinahasinvested36billionyuantoimprovetheeducationfacilitiesinruralareasandenhancetheruralcompulsoryeducationinthecentralandwesternregions.
4.2011年3月日本人核电站事故后，中国的核能开发停了下来。中止审批新的核电站，并开展全国性的核电安全检查。(CET-4)
AftertheJapanesenuclearpowerplant/stationaccidentinMarch,2011,thedevelopmentoftheChina’snuclearpowerstopped.Theapprovalofnewnuclearpowerplantswassuspended,andthenationwidenuclearenergysafetyinspectionstarted.
5.早在使用机械和化肥之前，勤劳和富有创造性的中国农民就已经采用各种各样的方法来增加农作物产量。(CET-6)
Longbeforetheuseofmachineryandfertilizers,industriousandcreativefarmershadalreadyuseddifferentkindsofmethodstoincreasecropyields.
Thesecondreportannouncessomeheatedareasinappliedscience,forinstance,3Dprintingandthestudyofartificialorgans.
7.年均10%的GDP增长已使五亿多人脱贫。联合国的“千年（millennium）发展目标”在中国均已达到或即将达到。目前，中国的第十二个五年规划强调发展服务业和解决环境及社会不平衡的问题。(CET-6)
AnaverageannualGDPgrowthrateat10%makesover500millionpeoplegetridofpoverty.TheMillenniumDevelopmentGoalsoftheU.N.eitherhavebeenachievedorwillbeachievedsooninChina.Currently,the12thFive-YearPlanofChinaemphasizesthedevelopmentofserviceindustryandthesolutionstoenvironmentandtheimbalanceofsociety.
8.这一新公布的计划旨在减少四种主要污染源，包括500万辆机动车的尾气（exhaust）排放、周边地区燃煤、来自北方的沙尘暴和本地的建筑灰尘。(CET-6)。
Thisnewlyannouncedplanaimstoreducefourmajorpollutionsources,includingexhaustemissionsfromover5millionvehicles,theburningofcoalsinthesurroundingareas,thesandstormsandduststormsfromthenorthareasandthelocalconstructiondusts.
9.教育部还决定改善欠发达地区学生的营养，并未外来务工人员的子女提供在城市接受教育的同等机会。(CET-6)
TheMinistryofEducationhasalsodecidedtoimprovethenutritionofstudentsinunderdevelopedareasandprovideequalopportunityforthechildrenofmigrantworkerstoreceiveeducationincities.
10.中国政府一直提倡“以人为本”的发展理念，强调人们以公交而不是私家车出行。它还号召建设“资源节约和环境友好型”社会。有了这个明确的目标，中国城市就可以更好地规划其发展，并把大量投资转向安全、清洁和经济型交通系统的发展上。(CET-6)
TheChinesegovernmentinvariablyadvocatestheideafordevelopment:“peoplearethemostimportantelement”andemphasizesthatoneshouldtakepublictransportationratherthandriveprivatecars.Italsocallsfortheconstructionofa“resource-savingandenvironment-friendly”society.
Inthenextfewyears,Chinawillincreasethenumberofpeopleinvocationalcollege.Exceptfocusingonthehighereducation,thegovernmentwillfindabreakthroughpointtoensurethejusticeofeducation.
12.如果父母决定为孩子报名参加一个课外班，以增加其被重点学校录取的机会，他们会坚持自己的决定，即使孩子根本不感兴趣。(CET-6)
Oncetheparentsdecidetosignupanafterschoolclassfortheirchildreninordertoincreasetheirchanceofbeingadmittedtoagoodschool,theywillsticktotheirdecision,eventhoughtheirchildrenhavenointerestinitatall.
13.中国的大学和研究所正在积极开展创新研究，这些研究覆盖了从大数据到生物化学，从新能源到机器人等各类高科技领域。(CET-6)
Chineseuniversitiesandinstitutesareactivelydoinginnovativeresearches,coveringvariousfieldsofhightechnology,frombigdatatobiochemistry,andfromnewenergytorobots.