1、全国英语等级考试三级（pets3级）历年真题试卷(二)材料题（江南博哥）根据下面资料，回答26-26题。Passwordsareeverywhereincomputersecurity.Alltoooften,theyarealsoineffective.Agoodpasswordhastobebotheasytorememberandhardtoguess,butinpracticepeopleseemtopayat-tentiontotheformer.Namesofwives,husbandsandch
2、ildrenarepopular."12356"or"12345"arealsocommonchoices.Thatpredictabilityletssecurityresearchers(andhackers)createdictionarieswhichlistcom-monpasswords,usefultothoseseekingtobreakin.Butalthoughresearchersknowthatpasswordsareinsecure,workingout
3、justhowinsecurehasbeendifficult.Manystudieshaveonlysmallsam-plestoworkon.However,withtheco-operationofYahoo!,JosephBonneauofCambridgeUniversityobtainedthebiggestsampletodate-70millionpasswordsthatcamewithusefuldataabouttheirowners.MrBonneaufoundsomeintere
4、stingvariations.Olderusershadbetterpasswordsthanyoungones.PeoplewhosepreferredlanguagewasKoreanorGermanchosethemostsecurepasswords;thosewhospokeIndonesiantheleast.Passwordsdesignedtohidesensitiveinformationsuchascredit-cardnumberswereonlyslightlymoresecuret
5、hanthoseprotectinglessimportantthings,likeaccesstogames."Nagscreens"thattolduserstheyhadchosenaweakpasswordmadevirtuallynodifference.Anduserswhoseaccountshadbeenhackedinthepastdidnotmakemoresecurechoicesthanthosewhohadneverbeenhacked.Butitis
6、thebroaderanalysisofthesamplethatisofmostinteresttosecurityresearchers.For,despitetheirdifferences,the70millionuserswerestillpredictableenoughthatagenericpassworddictionarywaseffectiveagainstboththeentiresampleandanysliceofit.MrBonneanisblunt:"Ana
7、ttackerwhocanmanagetenguessesperaccountwillcompromisearound1%ofaccounts."Andthatisaworthwhileoutcomeforahacker.Oneobvioussolutionwouldbeforsitestolimitthenumberofguessesthatcanbemadebeforeaccessisblocked.Yetwhereasthebiggestsites,suchasGooglean
9、ames正确答案：A参考解析：参考译文密码在计算机安全中随处可见。很多时候，密码并没有起到应有的效果。一个好的密码应该兼具容易记忆和难以猜测的特点，但在实际生活中，人们看起来更偏重于前者。妻子、丈夫和孩子的名字常被用作密码。“123456”或“12345”也是很常见的选择。这些密码的可预测性使得安全研究者(和黑客)创造了常见密码字典，为那些想要破解的人提供了便利。虽然研究者知道密码很不安全，但是想要测算不安全的程度却很困难。许多研究都只能在少量的样本上展开。然而，通过和Yahoo!的合作，来自剑桥大学的约瑟夫波诺获得了有史以来最大的数据样本7000万个带有有效用户信息的密码。波诺先生发现了一些
10、很有趣的变化。年长的人的密码比年轻人的密码更安全。说韩语或德语的人选择最安全的密码；而说印尼语的人的密码最不安全。为了隐藏诸如信用卡号码之类敏感信息的密码只比保护像进入游戏之类不太重要的信息的密码稍微安全一点点。“提示窗口”会跳出提醒用户选择了安全性弱的密码，实际上对安全性并没有很大影响。账户在过去遭到黑客攻击的用户并不比从没受过攻击的人的密码安全性更高。但是，最让安全研究者感兴趣的是对样本的更广义的分析。尽管他们之间不同，但对7000万用户的研究仍可预测到一个通用密码字典是有效的，不管是对整体样本还是个别密码。波诺先生坦率地说：“攻击者对一个账户进行10次密码尝试输入就会对约1的账户造成危害
11、。”这对黑客来说，已经是很值得的结果了。一个有效的解决方法就是网站在锁定登入之前限制尝试输入密码的次数。虽然最大的网站，例如谷歌和微软，采取了这样的措施，但是很多其他网站并没有这样做。他们不这样做的原因有很多。所以是用户们该考虑改变下传统的密码了。【精析】细节题。在第一段第三句提到“Agoodpasswordhastobebotheasytorememberandhardtoguess，butinpracticepeopleseemtopayattentiontotheformer”一个好的密码应该兼具容易记忆和难以猜测的特点，但在实际生活中，人们
14、osewhospokeIndonesiantheleast”相反；B项“年轻人倾向使用安全的密码”，这与第四段第二句“Olderusershadbetterpasswordsthanyoungones”相反；D项“信用卡的密码通常是安全的”，这与第四段第四句“Passwordsdesignedtohidesensi-tiveinformationsuchascreditcardnumberswereonlyslightlymoresecurethanthoseprotectinglessimportantthings，likea
17、xtsuggeststhat_A.netusersregulatetheironlinebehaviorsB.netusersrelyonthemselvesforsecurityC.bigwebsiteslimitthenumberofguessesD.bigwebsitesofferusersconvenientaccess正确答案：B参考解析：推理题。根据题干定位到最后一段。A项“网络使用者要规范他们网上的行为”，文中未提及；C项“大型网站限制尝试输入密码的次数”，最后一段虽然有提到谷歌和微软，但并不是所有大型网站都这样做了；D项“大型网站
20、180;foundations,weakeningthem.Oneoftheuprightstoneshadalreadyfallenoverandonehadbrokenintwo.Theyalsochippedpiecesoffthestonesforsouvenirsandcarvedpicturesintothem,saysarchitecturalcriticJonathanGlancey.Itwasthesameforotherpre-historicremains,whichweredi
22、asupforsalein1871hepersuadeditsownerstosellittohimandthestonecirclewassaved."Lubbockarousednationalattentionforancientmonuments,"saysGlancey."AtthetimeplaceslikeStonehengewerejustseenasacollectionofstones,ancientsitestogetbuildingmateria
24、oricsiteunderthreatawayfromuncaringowners,aradicalideaatthetime.Foreightyearshetriedandfailedtogetthebillthroughparliament.Finally,in1882,itwasvotedintolaw.Ithad,however,beenwatereddown;peoplehadtowillinglygivetheirancientmonumentstothegovernment.Bu
34、anymumsfeelatthisstageintheirlives.Anna:MyhusbandandIbothreadthisarticleandwethinkitismoving,thoughtful,andtheendingiswonderful.Peoplecannotdenythatjealousyisanaturalemotionbetweenchildrenandparents.Itiswonderfultoseesomeoneemotionallymatureenoughto
35、besoawareoftheirownfeelings,andcelebratethem.YouhavewrittenwhatIamsuremostmothersfeel,butaretooscaredtoadmit.Beth:Thereissomeformofjealousybetweenmotheranddaughter.Iremembersuspectingthatmymotherwasjealousofmebutkeptitunderwraps.Iunderstoodthatmy
36、motherwasnothappywithmyfatherandthegoodrelationshipbetweenmyselfandhim.Thestrangethingisyearslater,myowndaughterandherfatherhaveagoodrelationshipwitheachotherandIcanfeeljealousycreep-ingin.Clare:WhenIrealizedmydaughterhadbecomeayoungwoman,Iwasnotj
37、ealous.AtfirstIfeltsadthatIhadlostmylittlegirl,thenIacceptedthisandrejoicedinherloveliness.Ifeelprotectiveto-wardsherbecauseitistoonaturalforyounggirlstomeetmen.Offeryourchildadviceonthingslikewearingfancyclotheswhichmendoseeascharming,andhopet
38、hatsheenjoysherlife.Ruth:Ithinkthatamaturepersonjudgesherselfbasedonherownqualities.Alovingmotherdoesnotcompareherselftoherchildrenandadvertiseherunhealthythoughtstotheworldinanews-paper,Iamsurroundedalldayatworkbyhot,smartyoungundergraduates,manyof
39、whomarehotterandsmarterthanIwasattheirage.Whentheysucceedsociallyandacademically,Ifeelhap-pyforthem.Nowmatchthenameofeachperson(36-40)totheappropriatestatement.Note:therearetwoextrastatements.Statements36LucyAYouhavespokenoutthetruefeelingsofmotherslik
40、eme.BItishelpfulformotherstorevealtheirhiddenfeelingsCEmotionallymaturemothersunderstandtheirdaughtersDIunderstandmymothernow，beingamothermyselfEYouhaveexpressedwhatmostmothersfeelbutdarenotsay.FDoyourdutyasamotherandhopeformebestforyourdaughterGAmother
42、了我相信是大多数母亲感受到却害怕承认的感情。贝丝：在母女之间有某种形式的嫉妒。我没有公开过，但我记得曾怀疑过母亲是否嫉妒我。我明白母亲和父亲过得不开心，也因此对我和父亲良好的关系感到不快。奇怪的是，多年后当我看到我女儿和她父亲之间的亲密关系时，嫉妒情绪也在心里升起克莱尔：当我意识到我的女儿成长为一个青年女性的时候，我并不妒忌。开始我对我失去了我的小姑娘感到难过，但后来我接受了她的成长并对她的魅力感到高兴。我对她充满保护欲，这是因为年轻女孩子和男性接触太常见了。给你的孩子一些诸如穿男性也觉得很有魅力的可爱的衣服这样的建议，并且希望她享受自己的生活。鲁丝：我认为一个成熟的人应以自己的素养来判断自己
48、gannative.Walkingbarefoottothelake,playingshirtlessinthesunlight,andbreathingfreshairfeelgood.(41)_Studieshavefoundhigherratesofhighbloodpressureamongpeoplewiththelowestsunexpo-sure.Onereasonmaybeduetonitricoxide,agaswhoseproductionisstimulatedwhenyour
50、alkedthroughaforestthanwhentheyspenttimeinanurbanarea.Oneoftheconsequencesofmodernsocietyisthatrarelyisourbodyindirectcontactwiththeground.Theearthhasanelectricalcurrent.(44)_Although"earthing"or"grounding"isconsid-eredalternativebyma
51、instreammedicine,researchshowsthatthepracticeseemstobeabletoreduceheartdiseaserisk.So,walkaroundbarefootwheneverpossible,letyourbackyardgrasstickleyourfeet,anddigyourtoesintosandybeaches.(45)_A2011Britishreviewof11studiesfoundthatpeoplewhoexercisedouts
52、idegenerallyreportedmoreenergyandlessanger,tension,anddepression-allfactorscontributingtoheartattack-thanthosewhoworkedoutindoors.AExercisingindoorsisanotheroptionBItreducesbothheartattackandstrokerisksCExercisingoutdoorsmaybemorebeneficialthanworkingoutindoor
54、DEFG正确答案：F参考解析：参考译文每次我听到约翰丹佛唱到“阳光照在我的肩膀上，”我发现自己会微笑，沉浸到一个地道的密歇根人几十年来对阳光和室外的热爱中去。光脚走到湖边，在阳光下赤膊玩耍，呼吸着新鲜空气，真是太美妙了。(41)作为一名医生，我必须告诉你它们对你的心脏也有好处。研究表明日照较少的人得高血压的几率比较高。一个原因是一氧化氮，这是一种当皮肤暴露在阳光下会产生的气体。(42)它可以降低心脏病和中风的风险。维他命D，这种阳光促进身体产生的物质，同样和心脏健康有关。所以，每天花15到30分钟在室外走走吧。(43)在日本，漫步森林已经成了普遍采用的一种治疗方法。针对280名志愿者的研究表明