傲慢与偏见英汉对照阅读2018年9月8日雅思考试预测

Section1&Section2重点场景(生活类):事故报告,招聘面试,医疗健康,选课须知,旅行住宿,剧院环境介绍,公园导览,校园设施导览。

Section3&Section4重点场景(学术类):校园活动,动物讲座,选课咨询,课程讨论,流程介绍,作业反馈,论文讨论,金融与商业,心理学。

Section1

Questions1-10

Completethenotesbelow.

WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSorANUMBERforeachanswer.

Example

Thewomanwasgettingsomethingforlunchwhentheaccidenthappened.

Accidentreport

Timeofaccident:(1)_____

DriverfailedtostopatthejunctionofMonksRoadandHighStreet.

Therewere(2)_____peopleinthecar.allaround

20yearsold.

Thecarhitawomanonher(3)_____

Thecarwaslastseenheadingtowardsthe(4)

The(5)_____atthejunctionareoutoforder.

ThecarmayhavebeenaredFordFiesta.Oneofthecardoorsis(6)_____

Registrationnumber:Y48(7)_____

Witnessname:Rita(8)_____

Address:19.(9)_____

Telephonenumber:0232566788Mobilenumber:(10)07834_____

Section2

Questions11-12

Choosethecorrectletter,A,BorC.

11Thespeakersayssolarpanels

Aareexpensive.

Bshouldbeconsideredmoreseriously.

Carenotverypopular.

12Inthespeakersopinion,mostpeople

Aneglecttoturntheheatingdown.

Bwashtheirclothestoooften.

Cdonotusethekitchenefficiently.

Questions13-20

Energy-savingtips

Livingin(13)_____accommodationCheckwindowsanddoorsfordraughts.

Don'tleavelaptopsandTVson(14)overnight.

Don’tuse(15)_____thanyouneedwhenmakinghotdrinks.

Put(16)_____potsandpanswhenboilingwater.

Wherepossible,avoidplacingtherefrigeratornexttothe

(17)_____

Remembertoturndownthefridgetemperaturecontrolinthe(18)_____

Don'tforgetto(19)_____thefreezeranddon'tputtoomuchfoodinit

Reducethetemperatureofyourwashingmachineto(20)_____degrees

Section3

Questions21-25

Choosethecorrectletter,ABorC.

21WhatdidAlicedowhenshefirstarrivedattheuniversityOpenDay

AShehadacoffee.

BShelookedaroundthecampus.

CShewenttooneoftheevents.

22WhichofthefollowingisNOTonthecampus

Aasupermarket

BabankCabookshop

23WhydoesOliverthinkitisagoodideatoregister

ATheuniversitywillknowyouattended.

BYougetaninformationpack.

CYoucannotattendeventsunlessyouregister.

24WhatisthemainfactorforAliceinherchoiceofuniversity

Aitsfacilities

Bitslinkstoindustry

Cthenumberofmaturestudents

25WhichareaofworkisOliverinterestedin

Ateaching

Bfinance

Csoftwaredevelopment

Questions26-28

WhatdoesAlicesayabouttheeventsintheafternoon

Writethecorrectletter.A,BorCnexttoQuestions26-28.

Questions29-30

AShewillattend.

BShemightattend.

CShewillnotattend.

26atalkabouttheyearabroad

27theexhibitioninthePhysicsDepartment

28atalkbytheheadofdepartment

29Whichemployersofferonlyunpaidwork

Aaccountancyfirms

Btheuniversity

Ccampusretailoutlets

30Oliver

Aplanstoliveathomeifhegetsaplaceattheuniversity.

Bwillliveoncampusifhegetsaplaceattheuniversity.

Cdoesnotyetknowwherehewillliveifhegetsaplaceattheuniversity.

Section4

PygmyBlueWhaleResearch

Pygmybluewhales:Before1966itislikelytheywere(31)_____withtheAntarcticbluewhales.

Method:Whalesaretaggedwithanantenna.Whentheantennacommunicateswithanumberofsatellites,thewhale's(33)_____canbeidentified.

Researchersaccesstheresultsusingtheproject(34)_____

Findings:Thewhalestravelfromthe(35)_____ofAustraliatobreedinggroundsinIndonesiaduringMarchandApril,andreturntoAustralianwatersin(36)_____Pygmywhalesdonotgowithout(37)_____whilsttheyareintheirbreedinggrounds.

Conservationissues:Theeffectof(38)_____routesoncommunicationbetweenwhales.

Conservationeffortscantakeplaceovera(n)(39)_____areanowthereisevidencethattheymigrateoutofAustralianwaters.

Futurestudies:ToexplorewhetherpygmywhalesoffthesoutherncoastofAustraliafollowthesamenortherlymigratoryroutesasthosestudiedorwhethertheytraveltoa(n)(40)_____

Keys

11.15/onefifteen/quarterpastone

2three/3

3bicycle/bike

4towncentre

5trafficlights

6damaged

7BYW

8Stansfield

9AlthorpeRoad

10889772

11A

12C

13older/old

14standby

15morewater

16alidon/lidson

17cooker

18(colder)winter(months)

19defrost

20thirty/30

21B

22A

23A

24C

25C

26C

27B

28A

29A

30C

31confused

32populations

33location

34website

35westcoast

36September

37food/feeding

38shipping

39wider

40subtropical

【阅读】

READINGPASSAGE1

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-13,whicharebasedonReadingPassage1below.

Bovids

ThefamilyofmammalscalledbovidsbelongstotheArtiodactylclass,whichalsoincludesgiraffes.Bovidsarehighlydiversegroupconsistingof137species,someofwhichareman’smostimportantdomesticanimals.

BovidsarewellrepresentedinmostpartsofEurasiaandSoutheastAsianislands,buttheyarebyfarthemostnumerousanddiverseinthelatter.Somespeciesofbovidaresolitary,butothersliveinlargegroupswithcomplexsocialstructures.Althoughbovidshaveadaptedtoawiderangeofhabitats,fromarctictundratodeeptropicalforest,themajorityofspeciesfavouropengrassland,scrubordesert.Thisdiversityofhabitatisalsomatchedbygreatdiversityinsizeandform:atoneextremeistheroyalantelopeofWestAfrica,whichstandsamere25cmattheshoulder;attheother,themassivelybuiltbisonsofNorthAmericaandEurope,growingtoashoulderheightof2.2m.

Despitedifferencesinsizeandappearance,bovidsareunitedbythepossessionofcertaincommonfeatures.Allspeciesareruminants,whichmeansthattheyretainundigestedfoodintheirstomachs,andregurgitateitasnecessary.Bovidsarealmostexclusivelyherbivorous.Typicallytheirteetharehighlymodifiedforbrowsingandgrazing:grassorfoliageiscroppedwiththeupperlipandlowerincisors(theupperincisorsareusuallyabsent),andthengrounddownbythecheekteeth.Aswellashavingcloven,orsplit,hooves,themalesofallbovidspeciesandthefemalesofmostcarryhorns.Bovidhornshavebonycorescoveredinasheathofhornymaterialthatisconstantlyrenewedfromwithin;theyareunbranchedandnevershed.Theyvaryinshapeandsize:therelativelysimplehornsofalargeIndianbuffalomaymeasurearound4mfromtiptotipalongtheoutercurve,whilethevariousgazelleshavehornswithavarietyofelegantcurves.

Fivegroups,orsub-families,maybedistinguished:Bovinae,Antelope,Caprinae,CephalophinaeandAntilocapridae.Thesub-familyBovinaecomprisesmostofthelargerbovids,includingtheAfricanbongo,andnilgae,eland,bisonandcattle.Unlikemostotherbovidstheyareallnon-territorial.Theancestorsofthevariousspeciesofdomesticcattlebanteng,gaur,yakandwaterbuffaloaregenerallyrareandendangeredinthewild,whiletheauroch(theancestorofthedomesticcattleofEurope)isextinct.

Theterm‘antelope’isnotaveryprecisezoologicalname-itisusedtolooselydescribeanumberofbovidsthathavefolloweddifferentlinesofdevelopment.Antelopesaretypicallylong-legged,fast-runningspecies,oftenwithlonghornsthatmaybelaidalongthebackwhentheanimalisinfullflight.Therearetwomainsub-groupsofantelope:Hippotraginae,whichincludestheoryxandtheaddax,andAntilopinae,whichgenerallycontainsslighterandmoregracefulanimalssuchasgazelleandthespringbok.Antelopesaremainlygrasslandspecies,butmanyhaveadaptedtofloodedgrasslands:pukus,waterbucksandlechwesareallgoodatswimming,usuallyfeedingindeepwater,whilethesitatungahaslong,splayedhoovesthatenableittowalkfreelyonswampyground.

Thesub-familyCaprinaeincludesthesheepandthegoat,togetherwithvariousrelativessuchasthegoralandthetahr.Mostarewoollyorhavelonghair.Severalspecies,suchaswildgoats,chamoisandibex,areagilecliff-andmountain-dwellers.Toleranceofextremeconditionsismostmarkedinthisgroup:Barbaryandbighornsheephaveadaptedtoariddeserts,whileRockyMountainsheepsurvivehighupinmountainsandmuskoxeninarctictundra.

TheduikerofAfricabelongstotheCephalophinaesub-family.Itisgenerallysmallandsolitary,oftenlivinginthickforest.Althoughmainlyfeedingongrassandleaves,someduikers-unlikemostotherbovids-arebelievedtoeatinsectsandfeedondeadanimalcarcasses,andeventokillsmallanimals.

ThepronghornisthesolesurvivorofaNewWorldsub-familyofherbivorousruminants,theAntilocapridaeinNorthAmerica.ItissimilarinappearanceandhabitstotheOldWorldantelope.AlthoughgreatlyreducedinnumberssincethearrivalofEuropeans,andthesubsequentenclosureofgrasslands,thepronghornisstillfoundinconsiderablenumbersthroughoutNorthAmerica,fromWashingtonStatetoMexico.Whenalarmedbytheapproachofwolvesorotherpredators,hairsonthepronghorn’srumpstanderect,soshowingandemphasisingthewhitepatchthere.

Atthissignal,thewholeherdgallopsoffatspeedofover60kmperhour.

Questions1-3

Choosethecorrectletter,A,B,CorD.

Writethecorrectletterinboxes1-3onyouranswersheet.

1Inwhichregionisthebiggestrangeofbovidstobefound

AAfrica

BEurasia

CNorthAmerica

DSouth-eastAsia

2Mostbovidshaveapreferenceforlivingin

Aisolation

Bsmallgroups

Ctropicalforest

Dwideopenspaces

3Whichofthefollowingfeaturesdoallbovidshaveincommon

ATheirhornsareshot

BTheyhaveupperincisors

CTheystorefoodinthebody

DTheirhoovesareundivided

Questions4-8

Lookatthefollowingcharacteristics(Question4-8)andthelistofsub-familiesbelow.Matcheachcharacteristicwiththecorrectsub-family,A,B,CorD.

Writethecorrectletter,A,B,CorD,inboxes4-8onyouranswersheet.

NBYoumayuseanylettermorethanonce

4canendureveryharshenvironments

5includestheoxandthecow

6maysupplementitsdietwithmeat

7canusuallymoveatspeed

8doesnotdefendaparticularareaofland

Listofsub-families

AAntelope

BBovinae

CCaprinae

DCephalophinae

Question9-13

Answerthequestionsbelow.

ChooseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSfromthepassageforeachanswer.

Writeyouranswersinboxes9-13onyouranswersheet.

9WhatisthesmallestspeciesofBovidcalled

10WhichspeciesofBovinaehasnowdiedout

11Whatfacilitatesthemovementofthesitatungaoverwetland

12Whatsortofterraindobarbarysheeplivein

13WhatistheonlylivingmemberoftheAntilocapridaesub-family

READINGPASSAGE2

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions14-26,whicharebasedonReadingPassage2below.

Photovoltaicsontherooftop

Anaturalchoiceforpoweringthefamilyhome

AInthepast,urbanhomeownershavenotalwayshadmuchchoiceinthewayelectricityissuppliedtotheirhomes.Now,however,thereisachoice,andarapidlyincreasingnumberofhouseholdsworldwidearechoosingthesolarenergyoption.Solarenergy,theconversionofsunlightintoenergy,ismadepossiblethroughtheuseof'photovoltaics',whicharesimpleappliancesthatfitontotheroofofahouse.

BThephotovoltaics-poweredhomeremainsconnectedtothepowerlines,butnostorageisrequiredon-site,onlyaboxofelectronics(theinverter)totheinterfacebetweenthephotovoltaicsandthegridnetwork.Figure1illustratesthesystem.Duringtheday,whenthehomemaynotbeusingmuchelectricity,excesspowerfromthesolararrayisfedbacktothegrid,tofactoriesandofficesthatneeddaytimepower.Atnight,powerflowstheoppositeway.Thegridnetworkeffectivelyprovidesstorage.Ifthedemandforelectricityiswellmatchedtowhenthesunshines,solarenergyisespeciallyvaluable.ThisoccursinplaceslikeCaliforniaintheUSandJapan,whereair-conditioningloadsforofficesandfactoriesarelargebutheatingloadsforhomesaresmall.

CThefirstsystematicexplorationoftheuseofphotovoltaicsonhomesbeganintheUSduringthe1970s.Awell-conceivedprogramstartedwiththesittingofanumberofresidentialexperimentstations'atselectedlocationsaroundthecountry,representingdifferentclimaticzones.Thesestationscontainedanumberof'dummy'houses,eachwithadifferentsolar-energysystemdesign.Homeswithinthecommunitiesclosetothesestationsweremonitoredtoseehowwelltheirenergyusematchedtheenergygeneratedbythestations'dummyroofs.AchangeinUSgovernmentprioritiesintheearly1980shaltedthisprogram.

DWiththeUSeffortdroppingaway,theJapaneseSunshineProjectcametothefore.AlargeresidentialteststationwasinstalledonRokkoIslandbeginningin1986.Thisinstallationconsistsof18'dummy'homes.Eachequippedwithitsown2-5kilowattphotovoltaicsystem(about20-50squaremetersforeachsystem).Someofthesesimulatedhomeshavetheirownelectricalappliancesinside,suchasTVsets,refrigeratorsandairconditioningunits,whichswitchonandoffundercomputercontrolprovidingalavishlifestyleforthenon-existentoccupants.Fortheothersystems,electronicssimulatethesehouseholdloads.Thisteststationhasallowedthetechnicalissuesinvolvedinusingphotovoltaicswithintheelectricitynetworktobeexploredinasystematicway,underwell-controlledtestconditions.Withnoinsurmountableproblemsidentified,theJapanesehaveusedtheexperiencegainedfromthisstationtobegintheirownmassiveresidentialphotovoltaicscampaign.

EMeanwhile,Germanybeganaveryimportant'1,000roofprogram'in1990,aimedatinstallingphotovoltaicsontheroofsof1,000privatehomes.Largefederalandregionalgovernmentsubsidieswereinvolved,accountinginmostcasesfor70%ofthetotalsystemcosts.Theprogramprovedimmenselypopular,forcingitsextensiontoover2,000homesscatteredacrossGermany.ThesuccessofthisprogramstimulatedotherEuropeancountriestolaunchsimilarprograms.

FJapan's'onemillionroofprogram'waspromptedbytheexperiencegainedintheRokkoIslandtestsiteandthesuccessoftheGerman1,000roofprogram.TheinitiallyquotedaimsoftheJapaneseNewEnergyDevelopmentOrganizationweretohave70,000homesequippedwiththephotovoltaicsbytheyear2000,onthewayto1millionby2010.Theprogrammadeamodeststartin1994,when539systemswereinstalledwithagovernmentsubsidyof50percent.Underthisprogram,entirenewsuburbandevelopmentsareusingphotovoltaics.

GTheJapaneseinitiativeinembracingresidentialphotovoltaicsonalargescalepromptedresponsesinbothEuropeandtheUS.TheEuropeanCommissionhascalledforonemillionsolarresidentialsystemsbeforetheyear2010,with500,000inEuropeand500,000inthedevelopingworld,tobesubsidisedbytheCommission.In1997,asimilaronemillionrooftargetwasannouncedintheUS.Sincethen,severalothercountriesincludingGermany,Italy,theNetherlandsandAustralia,haveannouncedtheirowntargetsforresidentialphotovoltacis.

HThisisgoodnews,notonlyforthephotovoltaicindustry,butforeveryoneconcernedwiththeenvironment.Theuseoffossilfuelstogenerateelectricityisnotonlycostlyinfinancialterms,butalsointermsofenvironmentaldamage.Gasesproducedbytheburningoffossilfuelsintheproductionofelectricityareamajorcontributortothegreenhouseeffect.Todealwiththisproblem,manygovernmentsarenowproposingstringenttargetsontheamountofgreenhousegasemissionspermitted.Thesetargetsmeanthatallsourcesofgreenhousegasemissionsincludingresidentialelectricityuse,willreceivecloserattentioninthefuture.

IItislikelythatinthefuture,governmentswilldevelopbuildingcodesthatattempttoconstraintheenergydemandsofnewhousing.Forexample,theuseofphotovoltaicsortheequivalentmaybestipulatedtolessendemandsonthegridnetworkandhencereducefossilfuelemissions.Approvalsforbuildingrenovationsmayalsobeconditionalupontakingsuchenergy-savingmeasures.Ifthisweretohappen,everyonewouldbenefit.Althoughthereisaninitialcostinattachingthesystemtotherooftop,thehouseholder'soutlayissooncompensatedwiththesavingsonenergybills.Inaddition,everyonelivingontheplanetstandstogainfromthemorebenignenvironmentalimpact.

Question14-19

ReadingPassage2hasnineparagraphsA-I.Whichparagraphcontainsthefollowinginformation

WritethecorrectletterA-Iinboxes14-19onyouranswersheet.

14examplesofcountrieswhereelectricityuseisgreaterduringthedaythanatnight

15adetaileddescriptionofanexperimentthatledtophotovoltaicsbeingpromotedthroughoutthecountry

16thenegativeeffectsofusingconventionalmeansofgeneratingelectricity

17anexplanationofthephotovoltaicssystem

18thelong-termbenefitsofusingphotovoltaics

19areferencetowealthycountriesbeingpreparedtohelplesswealthycountrieshaveaccesstophotovoltaics

Questions20-26

DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage2

Inboxes20-26onyouranswersheet,write

TRUEifthestatementagreeswiththeinformation

FALSEifthestatementcontradictstheinformation

NOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationonthis

20Photovoltaicsareusedtostoreelectricity.

21Sincethe1970s,theUSgovernmenthasprovidedcontinuoussupportfortheuseofphotovoltaicsonhomes.

22Thesolar-poweredhousesonRokkoIslandareuninhabited.

23In1994,theJapanesegovernmentwasprovidinghalfthemoneyrequiredforinstallingphotovoltaicsonhomes.

24Germany,Italy,theNetherlandsandAustraliaallhavestrictgoalswithregardtogreenhousegasemissions.

25Residentialelectricityuseisthemajorsourceofgreenhousegasemission.

26Energy-savingmeasuresmustnowbeincludedinthedesignofallnewhomesandimprovementstobuildings.

READINGPASSAGE3

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions27-40,whicharebasedonReadingPassage3below.

Questions27-31

ReadingPassage3hassixsections,A-F.

ChoosethecorrectheadingforsectionsB-Ffromthelistofheadingsbelow.Writethecorrectnumber,i-ix,inboxes27-31onyouranswersheet.

ListofHeadings

iDisagreementaboutthereadingprocess

iiTherootsofthedebate

inAcombinedapproach

ivMethodsofteachingreading

VAcontroversialapproach

viInconclusiveresearch

viiResearchwithlearners

viiiAllowingteachersmorecontrol

ixAdebateamongsteducators

ExampleSectionAix

27SectionB

28SectionC

29SectionD

30SectionE

31SectionF

Howshouldreadingbetaught

ByKeithKayneranBarbaraRFoorman

ALearningtospeakisautomaticforalmostallchildren,butlearningtoreadrequireselaborateinstructionandconsciouseffort.Wellawareofthedifficulties,educatorshavegivenagreatdealofthoughttohowtheycanbesthelpchildrenlearntoread.Nosinglemethodhastriumphed.Indeed,heatedargumentsaboutthemostappropriateformofreadinginstructioncontinuetopolarisetheteachingcommunity.

BThreegeneralapproacheshavebeentried.Inone,calledwhole-wordinstruction,childrenlearnbyrotehowtorecogniseataglanceavocabularyof50to100words.Thentheygraduallyacquireotherwords,oftenthroughseeingthemusedoverandoveragaininthecontextofastory.

Speakersofmostlanguageslearntherelationshipbetweenlettersandthesoundsassociatedwiththem(phonemes).Thatis,childrenaretaughthowtousetheirknowledgeofthealphabettosoundoutwords.Thisprocedureconstitutesasecondapproachtoteachingreading-phonics.

Manyschoolshaveadoptedadifferentapproach:thewhole-languagemethod.Thestrategyherereliesonthechild’sexperiencewithlanguage.Forexample,studentsareofferedengagingbooksandareencouragedtoguessthewordsthattheydonotknowbyconsideringthecontextofthesentenceorbylookingforcluesinthestorylineandillustrations,ratherthantryingtosoundthemout.

Manyteachersadoptedthewhole-languageapproachbecauseofitsintuitiveappeal.Makingreadingfunpromisestokeepchildrenmotivated,andlearningtoreaddependsmoreonwhatthestudentdoesthanonwhattheteacherdoes.Thepresumedbenefitsofwhole-languageinstruction—andthecontrasttotheperceiveddullnessofphonics-ledtoitsgrowingacceptanceacrossAmericaduringthe1990s,andamovementawayfromphonics.

CHowever,manylinguistsandpsychologistsobjectedstronglytotheabandonmentofphonicsinAmericanschools.WhywasthissoInshort,becauseresearchhadclearlydemonstratedthatunderstandinghowlettersrelatedtothecomponentsoundsinwordsiscriticallyimportantinreading.Thisconclusionrests,inpart,onknowledgeofhowexperiencedreadersmakesenseofwordsonapage.

Advocatesofwhole-languageinstructionhavearguedforcefullythatpeopleoftenderivemeaningsdirectlyfromprintwithouteverdeterminingthesoundoftheword.Somepsychologiststodayacceptthisview,butmostbelievethatreadingistypicallyaprocessofrapidlysoundingoutwordsmentally.Compellingevidenceforthiscomesfromexperimentswhichshowthatsubjectsoftenconfusehomophones(wordsthatsoundthesame,suchas‘rose’and‘rows').Thissupportstheideathatreadersconvertstringsofletterstosounds.

DInordertoevaluatedifferentapproachestoteachingreading,anumberofexperimentshavebeencarriedout,firstlywithcollegestudents,thenwithschoolpupils.InvestigatorstrainedEnglish-speakingcollegestudentstoreadusingunfamiliarsymbolssuchasArabicletters(thephonicsapproach),whileanothergrouplearnedentirewordsassociatedwithcertainstringsofArabicletters(whole-word).Thenbothgroupswererequiredtoreadanewsetofwordsconstructedfromtheoriginalcharacters.Ingeneral,readerswhoweretaughttherulesofphonicscouldreadmanymorenewwordsthanthosetrainedwithawhole-wordprocedure.

Classroomstudiescomparingphonicswitheitherwhole-wordorwhole-languageinstructionarealsoquiteilluminating.Oneparticularlypersuasivestudycomparedtwoprogrammesusedin20first-gradeclassrooms.Halfthestudentswereofferedtraditionalreadinginstruction,whichincludedtheuseofphonicsdrillsandapplications.Theotherhalfweretaughtusinganindividualisedmethodthatdrewfromtheirexperienceswithlanguage;thesechildrenproducedtheirownbookletsofstoriesanddevelopedsetsofwordstoberecognised(commoncomponentsofthewhole-languageapproach).Thisstudyfoundthatthefirstgroupscoredhigheratyear’sendontestsofreadingandcomprehension.

EIfresearchersaresoconvincedabouttheneedforphonicsinstruction,whydoesthedebatecontinueBecausethecontroversyisenmeshedinthephilosophicaldifferencesbetweentraditionalandprogressive(ornew)approaches,differencesthathavedividededucatorsforyears.Theprogressiveschallengetheresultsoflaboratorytestsandclassroomstudiesonthebasisofabroadphilosophicalscepticismaboutthevaluesofsuchresearch.Theychampionstudent-centredlearningandteacherempowerment.Sadly,theyfailtorealisethattheseveryadmirableeducationalvaluesareequallyconsistentwiththeteachingofphonics.

FIfschoolsofeducationinsistedthatwould-bereadingteacherslearnedsomethingaboutthevastresearchinlinguisticsandpsychologythatbearsonreading,theirgraduateswouldbemoreeagertousephonicsandwouldbepreparedtodosoeffectively.Theycouldallowtheirpupilstoapplytheprinciplesofphonicswhilereadingforpleasure.Usingwhole-languageactivitiestosupplementphonicsinstructioncertainlyhelpstomakereadingfunandmeaningfulforchildren,sonoonewouldwanttoseesuchtoolsdiscarded.Indeed,recentworkhasindicatedthatthecombinationofliterature-basedinstructionandphonicsismorepowerfulthaneithermethodusedalone.

Teachersneedtostrikeabalance.Butindoingso,weurgethemtorememberthatreadingmustbegroundedinafirmunderstandingoftheconnectionsbetweenlettersandsounds.Educatorswhodenythisrealityareneglectingdecadesofresearch.Theyarealsoneglectingtheneedsoftheirstudents.

Questions32-36

DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage3

Inboxes32-36onyouranswersheet,write

32Thewhole-languageapproachrelatesletterstosounds.

33Manyeducatorsbelievethewhole-languageapproachtobethemostinterestingwaytoteachchildrentoread.

34Researchsupportsthetheorythatwereadwithoutlinkingwordstosounds.

35Researchhasshownthatthewhole-wordapproachislesseffectivethanthewhole-languageapproach.

36Researchhasshownthatphonicsismoresuccessfulthanboththewhole-wordandwhole-languageapproaches.

Questions37-40

CompletethesummaryofsectionsEandFusingthelistofwords,A-G,below.

Writethecorrectletter,A-G,inboxes37-40onyouranswersheet.

Intheteachingcommunity,37...................questiontheusefulnessofresearchintomethodsofteachingreading.Thesecriticsbelievethat38..................isincompatiblewithstudent-centredlearning.Inthefuture,teachersneedtobeawareof39.................sothattheyunderstandtheimportanceofphonics.Theyshouldnot,however,ignoretheideasof40.....................whichmakereadingenjoyableforlearners.

Athephonicsmethod

Bthewhole-wordmethod

Cthewhole-languagemethod

Dtraditionalists

Eprogressives

Flinguistics

Gresearchstudies

Passage1

1.D

2.D

3.C

4.C

5.B

6.D

7.A

8.B

9.royalantelope

10.theauroch

11.longslayedhooves

12.ariddesert

13.pronghorn

Passage2

14.B

15.D

16.H

17.B

18.I

19.G

20.FALSE

21.FALSE

22.TRUE

23.TRUE

24.NOTGIVEN

25.NOTGIVEN

26.FALSE

Passage3

27.iv

28.i

29.vii

30.ii

31.iii

32.FALSE

33.TRUE

34.FALSE

35.NOTGIVEN

36.TRUE

37.E

38.A

39.G

40.C

【写作】

A类小作文:

数据类图表

非数据类图表

表格

饼图(Hot)

流程图

线图

柱图(Hot)

地图(Hot)

以下为饼图例题及范文解析:

题目:ThechartsbelowshowinformationaboutplayersofelectronicgamesinSouthKoreain2003.Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparisonswhererelevant.Writeatleast150words.

解题思路:

参考范文:

ThethreepiechartsindicatetheageandgenderdisparitiesofelectronicgameplayersinSouthKoreain2003,aswellasthepopularityofseveralbest-sellinggametypesduringthattime.Generallyspeaking,SouthKoreanplayersweremainlycomposedofmalesunder35yearsoldandtheactiongamewasthemostwelcomed.

Tobemorespecific,inSouthKorea,38%playerswereunder18,almostthesameproportionasthoseagedbetween18and35whotookupthelargestratioby39%,whilelessthanaquarterofplayerswereover35,roughly23%.Amoresignificantdifferencewasgenderdistribution:72%playersweremales,whichwasnearlythreetimesthepopulationoftheirfemalecounterparts.

Inregardtotheplayers’favouritegames,theonesrelatedtoactionundoubtedlyrankedthefirstwithaproportionof43%,followedbysportsandracinggames,takingup20%and17%respectively.Educationalandroleplayinggamessawthesamedistributionof7%andothertypesofgamesaccountedfortherestof6%.

重点表达:

①disparity:n.区别,差异

②genderdistributions:性别分布

③counterpart:n.同伴;对应物

④undoubtedly:adv.毫无疑问地

A类大作文:

政府与城市类

Somepeoplebelievethatthebestwaytobuildahappiersocietyistoensurethatthereareonlysmalldifferencesbetweentherichestandthepoorestmembers.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree

Somepeoplethinkthatthegovernmentshouldofferfinancialsupportandcaretooldpeople,whileothersthinkthatpeopleshouldsavemoneyfortheirfuturelife.Discussboththeseviewsandgiveyourownopinion.

Somepeoplesaythatgovernmentsshouldspendmoneyonmeasurestosavelanguagesthatareusedbyfewspeakers,whileothersbelieveit'sawasteoffinancialresources.Discussbothviewsandgiveyouropinion.

Thegovernmenthasthedutytoensurethatitscitizenshaveahealthydiet,whileothersbelievethisisindividuals'responsibility.Discussbothviewsandgiveyouropinion.

Thegovernmentshouldspendmoneyinpromotingsportandartinschool,ratherthansponsoringprofessionalsportsandarteventsincommunities.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree

Somepeoplesaidthegovernmentshouldn'tspendmoneyinbuildingtheatersandsportsstadiums;theyshouldspendmoremoneyonmedicalcareandeducation.Doyouagreeordisagree

Somepeoplethinkthatitismoreimportanttoplantmoretreesinopenareaintownsandcitiesthanprovidesmorehousing.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree

Somepeoplethinkitismoreimportantforgovernmenttospendpublicmoneyonpromotinghealthylifestyleinordertopreventillnessthantospenditonthetreatmentofpeoplewhoarealreadyill.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree

教育与学习类

Nowadays,mostpeoplelearnacademicstudyinuniversity,butothersthinkweshouldencouragetolearnvocationalskillsmore,doyouagreeordisagree

Thebestwaytoteachchildrentocooperateisthroughteamsportsatschool.Whatextentdoyouagreeordisagree

Somepeoplesaythatplayingcomputergamesisbadforchildrenineveryaspect.Otherssaythatplayingcomputergamescanhavepositiveeffectsonthewaychildrendevelop.Discussbothviewsandgiveyouropinion.

Somepeoplethinkthatinordertocontinueimprovingthequalityofhighschooleducation,studentsshouldbeencouragedtoevaluateandcriticizetheirteachers,whileothersassumethiscouldresultinthelossofrespectanddignityforteachers.Discussbothviewsandgiveyourownopinion.

Someworkingparentsbelievechildcarecenterscanprovidebestcareforchildren,whileothersthinkfamilymemberslikegrandparentscandoitbetter.Discussbothviewsandgiveyouropinion.

Incountries(wherethereishighunemploymentmostpupilsshouldbeofferedonlyprimaryeducation;thereisnopointinofferingsecondaryeducationtothosewhowillhavenohopeoffindingajob.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree

社会与家庭类

Inrecentyears,youngpeopleinmanycountrieschoosetolivebythemselves.Whatarethereasonsandisitpositiveornegativeforthedevelopmentofthesociety?

Nowadays,somepeoplethinkthecityisnolongeragoodplaceforchildren,theysuggestthatthecountryisabetterchoice.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree

科技与经济类

AnyonecanpostinformationontheInternet.SomepeoplesaymostofwhatwereadontheInternetisinaccurate.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree

Somepeoplethinkthatrobotsareveryimportantforhumans'futuredevelopment.Others,however,thinkthatrobotsareadangerousinventionthatcouldhavenegativeeffectsonsociety.Discussbothviewsandgiveyouropinion.

Somepeopleclaimthatpublicmuseumsandartgallerieswillnotbeneededbecausepeoplecanseehistoricalobjectsandworksofartbyusingacomputer.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththisopinion

Somepeoplearguethatthetechnologysuchasmobilephone(cellphone)destroyssocialinteraction.Doyouagreeordisagree

Millionsofdollarshavebeenspentonspaceresearch.Butsomebodysaysspaceresearchwastedmoney;theysupposemoneyshouldbeusedtoimprovehuman'slife.Doyouagreeordisagree

工作与生活类

Somepeoplethinkeveryoneshouldbeavegetarian,becausewedonotneedtoeatmeattohaveahealthydiet.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree

Interviewisthebasicformofselectingprocedureformostlargecompanies.Somepeoplethinkitisunreliableandtherearesomeotherbettermethods.Discussbothviewsandgiveyourownopinion.

Today,somefoodtravelsthousandsofmilesfromfarmstoconsumers.Somepeoplethinkthatitwouldbebettertoourenvironmentandeconomyifpeopleonlyeatlocalproducedfood.Towhatextentdothedisadvantagesoutweightheadvantages

Wecangetknowledgefromnews,butsomepeoplethinkwecannottrustthejournalist.WhatdoyouthinkWhatqualitiesdoyouthinkasuccessfuljournalistshouldhave

Thereisatendencythatnewsreportsinthemediafocusonproblemsandemergenciesratherthanpositivedevelopments.Itisharmfultotheindividualandtothesociety.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree

Advertisingdiscouragespeoplefrombeingdifferentindividualsbymakingusallwanttodothesameandlookthesame.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree

Researchshowsthatovereatingisasharmfulassmoking.Therefore,advertisingforcertainfoodproductsshouldbebanned,inthesamewayascigaretteadvertisingisbannedinmanycountries.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree

动物与环境类

Somepeoplethinkitisnecessarytouseanimalsfortestingmedicinesintendedforhumanuse.Others,however,thinkit'snotrighttodothat.Discussbothviewsandgiveyouownopinion.

文化与旅游类

Anincreasingnumberofmuseumstendtochargeadmissionfeesfromtouristsratherthanprovidingservicefreeofcharge.Doyouthinktheadvantagesoutweighthedisadvantages

Manydevelopingcountriesarecurrentlyexpandingtheirtouristindustries.WhyisthisthecaseIsitapositivedevelopment

法律与犯罪类

Somepeoplethinkmostcrimesaretheresultofcircumstanceslikepovertyandothersocialproblems.Othersbelievethattheyarecausedbypeoplewhoarebadinnature.Discussbothviewsandgiveyouropinion.

抽象与其他类

Somepeopleprefertoprovidehelpandsupportdirectlytothosewhoneeditintheirlocalcommunity.Others,however,prefertogivemoneytonationalandinternationalcharitableorganizations.Discussbothsidesandgiveyourownopinion.

Somepeoplebelievefamouspeople'ssupporttowardsinternationalaidorganizationsdrawstheattentiontoproblems,whileothersthinkcelebritiesmaketheproblemslessimportant.Discussbothviewsandgiveyouropinion.

以下为重点话题及范文解析:

题目:Manydevelopingcountriesarecurrentlyexpandingtheirtouristindustries.WhyisthisthecaseIsitapositivedevelopment

题型:混合类作文

话题:文化与旅游类

Tourisminunderdevelopednationsisgainingwidepopularitythesedaysduetogovernments’greateffortstoadvocateandexpandthiskindoftertiaryindustry.However,despitetherisingfiguresintheannualrevenues,Idonotregarditasapositivedevelopmentinthelongterm,especiallyfortheleastdevelopedcountries.

Undeniably,tourismisaneconomicenginewithgreatpotentialtodrivefinancialgrowthindevelopingregions.Presentingjaw-droppingsceneriestothetravelers,thenaturallandscapesalsostandasoneofthemostlow-costsourcesofincomeforthelessdevelopedcountries.Foreignersinterestedinexoticcultureandcustomsarewillingtospendmuchtoexperiencealifefarawayfromtheirfamiliarworld.Therefore,expandingsuchindustryisfavouredbythegovernmentsincetheeconomicreturnsarequickandobvious.

Apositivetrendasitseems,emphasisontourismindevelopingcountriesmaybringmoredisadvantagesinthelongrun.Oneofthemostobviouschallengeisthatpoorcountriesmaylosetheireconomicautonomywhenbecomingtooreliantonthissingularformofindustry.Tourismintheseareasareheavilydependentonexternalfactorssuchasclimate,consumers’tastesandforeignpoliciestowardthem,allofwhichareunstableandhardtocontrol.Oncesomethinggoeswrongintheindustry,thereisnoeasyremedytorecover.

Moreover,expandingtourismposesathreatof“braindrain”indevelopingnationssincejobpositionsinsuchindustryrequirelesseducationandtraining.Childrenlivinginplaceswithhighdemandforwaitersanddriverscertainlyhavelessaspirationtoattenduniversity,whichmightseriouslyperilthefutureofthenation.

Tosumup,focusingondevelopingtourismindeedbringsdeprivednationsinstantfinancialgains,thereforemanycountriesarecountingonittogetoutofpoverty.However,itdoesnotmeanwehavefoundapanaceaforthelessdevelopedcountries,anditisunwisetoheavilydependontourismorevenconsideritthelifebloodofthenation.

①annualrevenues:年度收入

②jaw-dropping:adj.令人惊讶的

③exotic:adj.异国情调的

④easyremedy:简单的补救方式

⑤braindrain:人才流失

⑥panacea:n.万能药,万能方案

⑦lifeblood:n.命脉

本次写作机经由以下沪江留学老师产出

王倩竹老师

沪江网校留学资深教研老师,同济大学英语语言文学硕士,主攻雅思托福等留学考试。参与沪江网校《雅思保七冲八》、UnlockA1-B2雅思能力课程、WorldEnglishB1、新版雅思6.5分阅读、新版雅思7分听力等课程的设计规划与制作,并帮助多名1V1学生达到雅思写作7分。

【口语】

以下为本场考试部分高频话题解析:

Part1

Maps

Doyouoftenusemaps

参考答案:

Well,IthinkitlargelydependsonhowfamiliarIamwiththeplaceItravelin.ImighthavetouseamaptohelpmegetmydestinationifIaminanewplace.However,amapwon’tbesousefulwhenIaminaplacewhereIhavelivedforalongtime.

Howoftendoyouuseamap

Well,notquiteoften.ImeanIamaguywhotendstostayathomealot.However,ImayhavetorefertoamapwhenIgoouttomeetmyfriendsforanappointment.Forinstance,myfriendspickarestaurantfordinner,butIhavenoideahowtogetthere.Inthiscase,Iwillrelyonamaptoshowmethesimplestwaytogettothatrestaurantintime.

Whotaughtyoutouseamap

Well,ifyoumeanpapermaps,IthinkitisprobablymyfatherwhodiditwhenIjuststartedlearninghowtoreadamapduringmiddleschool.However,ifyouaretalkingaboutelectronicmaps,IguessIlearneditmyselfasitissoeasytolearnandusewithanappinsmartphones.

Doyoupreferpapermapsorelectronicmaps

Obviously,Iprefertouseelectroniconesastheyaresoconvenienttocarryandusecomparedwithpaperones.However,ImayhavetouseapapermapwhenIgotovisitaparkasthatiswhattheyusuallyprovideforvisitors.

Part2&3

Part2

Describeasituation(oratime)whenyouhelpedsomeone.

Youshouldsay:

Whatthesituationwas

Whothepersonwas

Howyouhelpedtheperson

Andexplainhowyoufeltafterhelpingtheperson.

提示:

此话题属于“事件”类话题,助人为乐。此类问题有可能问的是你帮助别人,或者别人帮助你的情况,要注意灵活转换。可以描述很多情况,比如问路、搬家、辅导作业、工作中的帮助等等。在谈及感想时,根据所帮助的内容与结果的不同,可以谈助人为乐的好处,也可以谈一些伸手党,理所当然接受帮助的情况。

IrememberonetimewhenIwasonthesubway,therewasaforeignersittingbesideme,andhewastalkingtosomeoneelse,IthoughttheywerefriendssoIdidn’treallypayattention.Allofasudden,heturnedtomeandsaid“CanyouspeakEnglish”Iwasabitsurprisedandlookedatbothofthem.Itcameouttheydidn’tknoweachother,andtheforeignerwasactuallyaskingdirections,butthegirlbesidehimdoesn’tspeakEnglish.SoIhelpedtocheckhisaddressonBaidumap,andfoundoutthathetookthewrongsubway.Itoldhimthecorrectlineanddirection,andwrotedowntheaddresshewasabouttogoinPinyin.

Iwashappytohelpstrangers.TherewasonetimeIsawaboyhelpinganoldmancarrytheheavyluggageupstairs,andIwasmoved.ThistimeImyselfwasabletohelpsomeoneelseaswell.IfeltgreatthatIcanbeofsomehelptoothers.Itisimportantforustohelpeachotherandcreateahelpingsociety.

重点词汇及表达:

①allofasudden:常用表达;突然,忽然

Eg:Andallofasudden,itcamesocrystalcleartomewhothisguywas.

②beaboutto:词组;即将,正打算

Eg:Itisatellingsignthatspecialtycoffeemaybeabouttogomainstream.

③upstairs:副词;上楼

Eg:Pleasecarrythedeskupstairs.

④moved:动词,形容词;感动

Eg:Andwehaveanupdatethismorningtoareportthatmovedmanyofourlisteners.

Part3题目

1.Inyourview,shouldchildrenbetaughttohelpothers

Yes,Ithinkso.Childrencanlearnalotofthingsbyhelpingothers.Theycanlearntobelessselfishandmorewillingtosharewithothers.Ifchildrencanlearntobefriendlyandhelpful,inreturn,heorshemaybetreatednicelybyothersaswell.Itwillhelpthembecomeapopularperson.

①selfish:形容词;自私的

Eg:Judgingbyhisactions,heisratherselfish.

②willing:形容词;乐意的,心甘情愿的

Eg:JayCarneywaswillingtodiscusstheprogrammethisweek,mainlybecauseNBCNewspublishedthepaper.

2.Doyouthinkpeoplearelesswillingtohelpothersthesedays,comparedtothepast(Why/Whynot)

Itissadtosayyes.Nowadaysweareafraidtohelpothers,becausewearenotsureifthepersonisreallyinneed.Somepeoplemaypretendthattheyareintrouble,whenyouhelpthem,they’llblameyouforcausingthetroubleandsometimesyouhavetopayforaridiculousamountofmoney,eithercompensationormedicalfee.Sonowadayspeoplearegettingmoreandmoreindifferent.

①compensation:名词;补偿,赔偿金

Eg:Wehopethatarepresentativewillsoonbeappointedtocomehereforthediscussiononthecompensation.

②indifferent:形容词;冷漠的,漠不关心的,不闻不问的

Eg:Thisisnosurprisegiventhatinvestorsarelargelyindifferenttopre-IPOcompensationpractices.

3.Dopeopletodaytrustothersasmuchastheyusedtointhepast

Ithinkpeoplenowadaystrustotherslessthanbefore.Inthepast,peoplewholivedinthesamecommunitykneweachotherandhelpedeachother,andtheywerefriendlytostrangersaswell.Howevernowadays,wedon’treallyknowwhoourneighborsareandseldomtalktothem.Andwehesitatetohelpstrangersbecauseweareafraidofbeingcheated.

①community:名词;社区

Eg:Thecommunityisdenselypopulated.

②hesitate:动词;犹豫

Eg:However,ifourofficecanbeoffurtherassistance,pleasedonothesitatetocontactus.

本次口语机经由以下沪江留学老师产出

王栋老师

沪江网校首席雅思口语名师;雅思口语8分;英文专业8级;10年以上英文教学经验;获教育部“语言学教学资格证书”;剑桥大学TKT教师资格证书;国内本科英语教育专业;海外硕士国际贸易专业;美国华盛顿工作经验。

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