2017年中考指导:初中英语语法大全之句型转换

每年的中考试卷中,“句型转换”题所占分值较大,是为了全面考查学生在初中阶段所学的词汇(同义或反义)、短语、句型和语法等方面的知识及其它的之间的灵活运用能力。

Ⅰ.题型介绍

所谓“句型转换”就是先给一个完整的句子A,再根据括号内的要求(有时没有明确,须自己观察),在第二个句子B的空白处填上适当的词来完成的句型转换。

Ⅱ.题型分类

从形式上看,有如下几种形式:①某一词或词组的转换;②词组与句子的转换;③同义句型的转换;④为纠正常犯语言错误而设计的题目。

从内容上看,此题型涉及的面较广,主要有:①句子功能方面的转换。包括陈述句(肯定与否定)、四种题疑问句、祈使句、感叹句的转换;②句子结构方面的转换。即简单句、复合句、并列句之间的转换;③语态的转换。即主动语态与被动语态之间的转换;④常用句型与词汇手段的转换。

Ⅲ.具体分类如下

一、陈述句与疑问句、祈使句、感叹句间的转换

1、陈述句中肯定句变为否定句,大部分是用not来改变谓语结构,但也有借用否定意义的词,如nothing,nobody,none,neither,little,few,never,hardly等,例如::

A:Tomdoeswellinmaths.

A:Hehasmuchtodo.

B:Hehasnothingtodo.

A:Allofmyclassmateslikeart.

B:Noneofmyclassmateslikesart.

2、改为疑问句。根据上下句的结构和词的减少,来判断变为哪一种形式的疑问句。例如:

A:Mybrotheroftenhasbreakfastatschool.

B:Doesyourbrotheroftenhavebreakfastatschool

A:Theredlightchangeseverytwominutes.

B:Howoftendoestheredlightchange

3、改为感叹句。根据所给的句子结构和单词的词性,来确定使用哪一种感叹句的形式,例如:

A:Thisisaninterestingbook.

B:Whataninterestingbookthisis!

或Howinterestingthisbookis!

二、同义句转换。

根据上句,写出一个意思相同(或相近)的下句,此类形式繁多,内容复杂,涉及面广,归类如下:

1、同义词或词组之间的转换。(通常上下句时态保持一致)。

A:Thechildrenhadagoodtimeinthepark.

B:Thechildrenenjoyedthemselvesinthepark.

例如:

A:IwenttobedafterIfinishedmyhomework.

3、if引导的条件状语从句的转化。例如:

例如:Theoldmandiedfivemonthsago.

Theoldmanhasbeendeadsincefivemonthsago.

Theoldmanhasbeendeadforfivemonths.

Fivemonthshaspassedsincetheoldmandied.

5、简单句与复合句之间的转换。

①含宾语从句的复合句与简单句的转换。例如:

A:Isawtheywereplayingfootballontheplayground.

B:Isawthemplayingfootballontheplayground.

A:Theteacherfoundthatshewasveryclever.

B:Theteacherfoundherveryclever.

A:HefoundthatitwashardtolearnEnglishwell.

B:HefoundithardtolearnEnglishwell.

A:Wearesurethatwewillwintofirstmatch.

B:Wearesuretowintofirstmatch.

由疑问代词/副词引导的宾语从句可转化为“疑问句+不定式”结构。例如:

A:CouldyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation

B:Couldyoutellmehowtogettotherailwaystation

A:Theywenthomeaftertheyfinishedtheirwork.

B:Thewenthomeafterfinishingtheirwork.

A:MrSmithhastaughtEnglishsincehecametoChina.

B:MrSmithhastaughtEnglishsincecomingtoChina.

Whensb.+be+数词+yearsold→attheageof+岁数

A:Whenhewastwelveyearsold,Edisonstartedwritinghisownnewspaper.

B:Attheageoftwelve,Edisonstartedwritinghisownnewspaper.

③由so…that…引导的结果状语从句可转化为too…todo或…enoughtodo……例如:

B:Theboxistooheavyformetocarry.

A:Thechildissooldthathecangotoschool.

B:Thechildisoldenoughtogotoschool.

④由sothat引导的目的状语从句可转化为inordertodo例如:

A:Myfathergotupearlythismorningsothathecouldcatchtheearlybus.

B:Myfathergotupearlythismorninginordertocatchtheearlybus.

⑤由because引导的原因状语从句可转化为becauseof…例如:

⑥定语从句可以转化为介词短语或分词短语。例如:

A:ThemanwhoisonthebikeisJim.

B:ThemanonthebikeisJim.

A:Themanwhoisdrivingtheredcarismyboss.

B:Themandrivingtheredcarismyboss.

A:ThegirlwhoiscalledMaryismysister.

B:ThegirlcalledMaryismysister.

6、用并列连词neither…nor;either…or…;both…and…;notonly…butalso…连句。例如:

B:NeitherInorLilyhasseenaTVplayforlong.

A:Tomisgoodatmaths,andheisgoodatFrench,too.

B:TomisgoodatbothmathsandFrench.

neither…nor…,either…or…和notonly…butalso…连接两个主语时,谓语动词依靠近它的主语而定,即“就近原则”,但是both…and用来连接两个主语时,谓语复数。

7、主动语与被动语态的互变。

“主动”变“被动”实行“三变二不变”原则。“三变”即是主语,谓语和宾语的变化,“二不变”即时态不变,句式不变。例如:

A:Theymakewatchesinthetown.

B:Watchesaremadebytheminthetown.

A:Icanfinishtheworkbeforeeight.

B:Theworkcanbefinished(byme)beforeeight.

A:DotheygrowriceinSouthChina

B:IsricegrowninSouthChina

注:使役性动词make或感观性动词see/watch/lookat/hear/listento/feel在主动语态中所带省to的不定式宾补变为被动语态时,必须加上to.

A:Isawhimtakeyourumbrella.

B:Hewasseentotakeyourumbrella.

8、形容词、副词二级之间的转化,例如

A:Chineseisthemostimportantsubjectofall.

B:Chineseismoreimportantthananyothersubject.

A:Thisexerciseiseasierthantheothertwo.

B:Thisexerciseistheeasiestofthethree.

Ⅵ.解题指导

要做好句型转换题,必须注意如下几点:

1、注重掌握教材中的基本句和同一句子英语的不同结构表达技巧。

2、弄清题意,明确题目考查点,了解题目所给句子与答句之间的关系。

3、注意从多角度,全方位考虑问题,突破难点,注意复查,看是否按要求完成了转换。

通过上述的归纳和指导,可以理清学生的“依章办事”的解题思路,养成“有条不紊”的解题习惯,培养多角度思维解题的能力,从而达到提高学习效率的目的。

特殊疑问句

注:1、一般情况:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句构成。

2、特殊疑问词在句中充当成分。

3、不用yes,no回答,直接回答。

4、读降调。

5、常用疑问词:who,what,whose,where,how,which,when,why,howmany,howmuch,howfar.Howlong,howoften,howsoon,howhigh,等。

对划线部分提问。(把各句变为特殊疑问句)

1、对主语(人)提问:

Theboyisrunningnow.Whoisrunningnow

2、对表语(人)提问:

3、对介宾(人)提问:

Sheislookingforthelittleboy.Whoisshelookingfor

4、对动宾(人)提问:

IoftenhelpWeiHuawithEnglish.WhodoyouoftenhelpwithEnglish

5、对间宾(人)提问:

KatelentTomaballyesterday.WhodidKatelendaballyesterday

6、对主语(东西)提问:

Thebooksareonthedesk..Whatareonthedesk

7、对表语(东西)提问:

Theseareboats.Whatarethese

8、对动宾(东西)提问:

Iwantacupoftea.Whatdoyouwant

9对职业(提问)提问:

Themanisafarmer.WhatisthemanWhatdoesthemando

10.对介宾(东西)提问:

Heislookingforhispen.Whatishelookingfor

11、对是什么提问:

12、对计算结果提问:

Sixandnineisfifteen.Whatissixandnine

13、对年级提问:

14、对班级提问:

LiLeiisinClassFive.WhatclassisLiLeiin

15、对年级和班级提问:

WeiHuaisinClassThreeGradeOne,WhatclassandgradeisWeihuain

16、对排提问:

WeareinRowOne.Whatrowareyouin

注:1、对年级、班级、排提问时,问句中的in不能去掉.

2,what后的grade,class,row用小写形式.

3,what根据实际译为汉语.

17、对学号提问:

18、对后置定语提问:

ThisisamapofChina.Whatmapisthis

19、对颜色提问:

Theflowersarered.Whatcoloraretheflowers

20、对几点几分提问:

21、对名字提问:

22、对前置定语提问:

Theseapplesareyours.Whichapplesareyours

23、对表语(名物代)提问:

Thiscupisyours.Whoseisthecup

24、对后置定语提问:

Theboyinthehatismybrother.Whichboyisyourbrother

25、对后置定语提问:

Iwanttobuytheshirtontheleft.Whichshirtdoyouwanttobuy

26、对主语(名物代)提问:

Mineisred.Whoseisred

27、对定语(形物代)提问:

Theyaremybooks.Whosebooksarethey

28、对定语(名词所有格)提问:

29、对表语(名词所有格)提问:

30对身体提问:

31、对年龄提问:

Theboyisfifteen.Howoldareyou

32、对天气提问:

33、对语言提问:

IcanspellitinEnglish.Howcanyouspellit

34、对方式提问:

35、对程度提问:

Shestudieshard.Howdoesshestudy

36、对数量提问:

1,Therearefivebirdsinthetree.Howmanybirdsarethereinthetree

2,Thereismuchwaterinthebottle.Howmuchwateristhereinthebottle

3,Thereisanappletreeinfrontofthehouse.Howmanyappletreesarethereinfrontofthehouse

37、对价格提问:Themeatistenyuan.Howmuchisthemeat

注:1,对价格提问,be应根据后面的主语而定。

2,单位yuan在问句中去掉。

38、对距离提问:

Thefactoryistwokilometersfromhere.Howfaristhefactoryfromhere

39、对长度提问:

Therulerisonemetrelong.Howlongistheruler

Wehavestayedtherefortwohours.Howlonghaveyoustayedthere

Hehaslivedheresince1997.Howlonghashelivedhere

注:howlong后面必须是延续性动词。

41、对星期提问:

TodayisMonday.Whatdayisittoday

Thewomanwillgototheshopinfiveminutes.Howsoonthewomanwillgototheshop

43、对频度副词提问:

LiuYingoftencarrieswaterforUncleLi.HowoftendoesLiuYingcarrywaterforUncleLi

44、对范围内的次数提问:

Igoswimmingonceaweekinsummer.Howmanytimesdoyougoswimminginsummer

45、对宽度提问:

Theriverisfivemetreswide.Howwideistheriver

46、对原因状语提问:

注:表示“因为”的连词有since,as,for,because.

Weusuallycometoschoolatseveninthemorning.Whendoyouusuallycometoschool

48、对地点状语提问:

Thechildrensometimesplayfootballontheplayground.Wheredothechildrensometimesplayfootball

49、对几月几日提问:

50、对种类(后置定语)提问:

Iwantthecakeswithnutsinthem.Whatkindofcakesdoyouwant

51、对作什么提问:

Theboysareplayinginthetree.Whataretheboysdoinginthetree

熟记变特殊疑问句时,容易判断错的情况。

1、数词

表示年龄:Heisfifty-five.Howoldishe

表示价格:Theshirtisthirtyyuan.Howmuchistheshirt

表示多少:Ihavethreebrothers.Howmanybrothersdoyouhave

2、姓名和人

表示人:ThewomanisGina.Whoisthewoman

3、长度和距离

4、颜色,东西

表示颜色:Theshoesarewhite.Whatcoloraretheshoes

表示物:Theyarewhitesheep.Whatarethey

表示颜色:Theyarewhitesheep.Whatcolorarethesesheep

5、名词所有格和人

同义句转换的九种类型

一、运用同义词(组)进行转换

用同义词或同义词组对原句中的某些词或词组进行替换,注意转换后的词或词组的词形变化要与句子其他成分相适应。如:

1.Thatdaywecouldseeflowershereandthere.

Thatdaywecouldseeflowers__________.

分析:答案为everywhere。everywhere与hereandthere都表示“到处”。

2.Theteacheralwaystakesgoodcareofthechildrenintheschool.

Theteacheralways_____________thechildrenwellintheschool.

分析:答案为looksafter。takegoodcareof与lookafter…well都表示“好好照顾”。

二、运用反义词(组)的否定式进行转换

即用反义词或词组的否定式表达与原句相同的意思,主要考查学生对反义词(词组)的积累和换位思维的能力。如:

1.It’sclearthatthisvisitisdifferentfromlasttime.

It’sclearthatthisvisitisnotthe______lasttime.

分析:答案为sameas。bedifferentfrom意为“与……不同”;thesameas意为“与……相同”,其否定式与bedifferentfrom同义。

2.Ithinkwealthislessimportantthanhealth.

I___thinkwealthis___importantthanhealth.

分析:答案为don’t,more。lessimportant的意思是“没有(不及)……重要”;moreimportant的意思是“(比)……更重要”,该结构与not连用,则表示“不比……更重要”。

另外,有的反义词即使不与否定词连用,而只需改变句子结构也可构成同义句。如:

Helentsomemoneytohisfriend.

Hefriend___somemoney___him.

分析:答案为borrowed,from。borrow…from意为“向……借……”;lend…to意为“把……借给……”。两个结构意思相反,但若变换“借出者”与“借入者”的位置,则可转换为同义句。

三、运用不同语态进行转换

即运用主动语态与被动语态的变化来转换同义词,但此时要特别注意时态、动词一致性。如:

1.Everyoneshouldgivebackhislibrarybooksontime.

Librarybooksshould____________ontime.

分析:答案为begivenback。被动句中含有情态动词should,因此助动词用be。

2.Itiswidelyacceptedthatmorepeopleusecomputersintheworldtoday.

Computers____widely___intheworldtoday.

分析:答案为are,used。computers是复数名词,助动词用are。

四、非延续性动词与延续性动词的相互转换

即非延续性动词与延续性动词进行转换,此时往往会涉及时态的变化。如:

1.Themanagerlefttwohoursago.

Themanager_____________fortwohours.

2.Thefilmbeganfiveminutesago.

Thefilmhasbeen__________fiveminutes.

3.MrLijoinedthePartytwentyyearsago.

MrLi_______________thePartyfortwentyyears.

五、运用不同引语进行转换

1.“I’vefoundmywallet,”hesaidtome.

He_________methathe__________________hiswallet.

分析:答案为told,hadfound。此题是将直接引语转换成间接引语。

2.“Didyouseeherlastweek”hesaid.

He______________Ihadseenhertheweek_______.

分析:答案为askedif/whether,before。此题是将疑问句的直接引语转换成间接引语。

六、运用简单句与复合句之间的转换

即将简单句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的简单句。如:

1.Wedidn’tgooutforawalkbecauseitwasraining.

Wedidn’tgooutforawalk______________therain.

分析:答案为becauseof。将原因状语从句becauseitwasraining改为表示原因的介词短语becauseoftherain。

2.Hewassoexcitedthathecouldn’tgotosleep.

Hewas__________________gotosleep.

分析:答案为tooexcitedto。将so…that…换成too…to…结构,原句的that从句为结果状语从句,改写句中的不定式仍表结果。

3.NowIwillshowyouhowtodothework.

NowIwillshowyou__________________dothework.

分析:答案为howyoucan。即将原句中的“疑问词+不定式”结构转换成宾语从句。

4.Youshouldputthembackafteryouusethem.

Youshouldputthemback__________them.

分析:答案为afterusing。即将after引导的状语从句改写为after引导的介词短语。

七、运用并列句与复合句之间的转换

即将并列句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的并列句。如:

1.Comeon,orwe’llmisstheearlybus.

____we____hurry,we’llmisstheearlybus.

分析:答案为If,don’t。if引导条件状语从句。

2.Themangaveusatalklastweek.Nowhewillgiveusanothertalkthisweek.

Theman_____gaveusatalklastweek__________usanothertalkthisweek.

分析:答案为who/that,willgive。who/thatgaveusatalklastweek为定语从句,修饰先行词theman。

八、运用关联连词连接或合并句子

即运用关联连词both…and…,neither…nor…,either…or…,notonly…butalso…等将两个简单句合并为一个简单句。此时要注意的是,both…and…连接两个主语时,谓语总是用复数,而neither…nor…,either…or…,notonly…butalso…连接两个主语时,谓语动词通常应与靠近的主语保持一致。如:

1.Tomcan’tspeakJapanesewellandJimcan’t,either.

______Tom______JimcanspeakJapanesewell.

分析:答案填Neither,nor。neither…nor…表示“……和……(两者)都不”,刚好与原句的两个否定结构的意思相吻合。

2.AlicehasreadthebookandPeterhasreadit,too.

______Alice______Peterhavereadthebook.

分析:答案为Both,and。both…and…的意思是“……和……(两者)都”。

3.Thisstoresellsmen’sshoes,anditalsosellsmen’sclothes.

Thisstoresells____________men’sshoes____________men’sclothes.

分析:答案为notonly,butalso。表示“不仅……而且……”之意。

九、利用某些典型句式或结构进行转换

这类典型结构如so…that…,too…to…,enoughto,not…until…,sodoI等。如:

1.Jimwantstogoboatingandhisparentswanttogoboating,too.

Jimwantstogoboating,and____________hisparents.

分析:答案为sodo。句意为“……他的父母也一样(一样想去)”。

2.Johnwenttobedafterhefinishedhishomework.

John______gotobed______hefinishedhishomework.

分析:答案为didn’t,until。not…until意为“直到……才”。

责任编辑:

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6.2013年10月12日雅思考试真题回忆8. What kind of house/flat are you going to move into? 9. What do you think of the area in which you live? 10. How long have you been living there? 11. What are your neighbors like? Music 1. Do you like music, and what type of music do you like? https://sh.xhd.cn/ieltsjj/ysjj/129380.html
7.2013年成人高等学校专升本英语真题历年真题A.Would we know B.Should we know C.Have we known D.Had we known 19.It was___ of you not to disturb these old people late at night. A.patient B.considerate C.deliberate D.modest 20.-Hey, what do you think of his speech last night? -I have no idea. I arrived___ find thathttp://www.168chengkao.com/zyylnzt/show/610.html
8.2009年高考英语信息题(江苏卷)13.What do you think of Miss Smith? A.She is a clever manager. B.She is ready to help her colleagues. C.She is an excellent and qualified secretary. 听第9段材料,回答第14至16题。 14. Why does Susan think a car is the symbol of transportation? https://e.ruiwen.com/st/10798.xhtml
9.MBA英文面试常用题目8篇(全文)12.Howdoyoudefinemarketingormanagement? 13.DoyouthinkEnglishisquiteimportantinMBAstudy?Why? 14.DoyouthinkMBAtrainingcourseswillhelpyoualotinyourfuturelife?Why? 15.WhatdoyouwanttodoafteryourMBAstudy? 16.WhatisthemostimportantqualificationthataMBAstudentshouldhave? https://www.99xueshu.com/w/file1h93wxvk.html
10.广交会英语2.DoyoutraveltoChinaonbusinessoften?3.WhatkindofChinesefooddoyoulike?4.WhatisthemostinterestingthingyouhaveseeninChina?5.WhatissurprisingtoyouraboutChina?6.Theweatherisreallynice.7.Whatdoyouliketodoinyoursparetime?8.Whatlineofbusinessareyouin?9.Whatdoyouthinkabout…?/Whatisyouropinion?/Whatisyourpointhttp://www.jiameng.com/gs5/llcttcsy/news/we4xsevl.htm
11.Unit3Howdoyougettoschool全单元教案分析和总结.docxe.g.Myschoolisfarawayfrommyhome.Howfarisitfromyourhometothepark? everyday每一天 everyday 日常的 live(vi):~in e.g.IliveinBaotou. thinkof: e.g.Whatdoyouthinkofyournewschool.(8)between: 表示两者之间 短语:between…and… among: 表示三者或三者以上中间 https://max.book118.com/html/2024/0203/7161132112006036.shtm
12.html.study.yanxiu.jsyxsq.com/el/proj92、 help sb with sth = help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事 93、 hope to do sth 希望做某事 (不可用hope sb to do sth ) 94、 How about(+doing) = What about(+doing) 95、 how do you like = what do you think of 你对什么的看法 http://html.study.yanxiu.jsyxsq.com/el/proj_2777/article/37002/828243.htm
13.初中英语句型,掌握了这些,你的英语所向披靡中小学一对一学习中心Wouldyoupleasehelpme(to)lookupthesewords? 请你帮助我查查这些词好吗? 19、Howdoyoulike……?你认为……怎么样? 与whatdoyouthinkof…?同义。例如: HowdoyouliketheweatherinBeijing?你 认为北京的天气怎么样?你觉得这部新电影如何? 20、Idon’tthink/believethat…我认我/相信……不…… https://bj.xdf.cn/ucan1v1/zixun/64400.html
14.howdoyouthinkof和whatdoyouthinkof?怎么来区分啊,我觉how do you like我经常用的方法:个人认为测试一个句子或者短语是否地道,最简单是直接的方法就是Google一个用法(里面都是比较地道的英语),以上两个答案貌似差不多,实际上how do you like和what do you think在Google上n多页后还有句子 但是how do you think零零星星只有几页.仅供参考 希望能帮到你 解析看不懂https://qb.zuoyebang.com/xfe-question/question/9c8a23d1469df0b6b61beda4d1346abf.html
15.英语句型学口语Lesson25:How/Whatdoyouthinkof?这个句型用来询问对方对某事的看法,也可以说"How do you like"。当然对这样的问题不能简单地用"yes"或"no"来回答,而要具体说明理由。 支持范例 1. What do you think of your new apartment? 你认为你的新公寓怎么样? 2. What do you think of the food here? https://www.kekenet.com/kouyu/13110.shtml
16.2013新版新目标八上Unit5Doyouwanttowatchagame(1)A:Whatdoeshethinkof…?(2)A:Whatdoesheplantowatch? B:Helovesit./Helikesit./…B:Heplanstowatch… (二)Whatdoyouthinkof…? =Howdoyoulike…?你认为…怎么样?/你觉得…怎么样? (三)下列各句均有一处错误,请找出并改正。 1.Hedon’tmindthewallet.___ 2.Idon’thavehttp://www.360doc.com/document/14/1015/16/16148868_417194694.shtml