Ted英文演讲稿:Whatfearcanteachus

Onedayin1819,3,000milesoffthecoastofChile,inoneofthemostremoteregionsofthePacificOcean,20Americansailorswatchedtheirshipfloodwithseawater.

1819年的某一天,在距离智利海岸3000英里的地方,有一个太平洋上的最偏远的水域,20名美国船员目睹了他们的船只进水的场面。

他们和一头抹香鲸相撞,给船体撞了一个毁灭性的大洞。当船在巨浪中开始沉没时,人们在三条救生小艇中抱作一团。

Thesemenwere10,000milesfromhome,morethan1,000milesfromthenearestscrapofland.Intheirsmallboats,theycarriedonlyrudimentarynavigationalequipmentandlimitedsuppliesoffoodandwater.

这些人在离家10000万英里的地方,离最近的陆地也超过1000英里。在他们的小艇中,他们只带了落后的导航设备和有限的食物和饮水。

ThesewerethemenofthewhaleshipEssex,whosestorywouldlaterinspirepartsof"MobyDick."

他们就是捕鲸船ESSEX上的人们,后来的他们的故事成为《白鲸记》的一部分。

即使在当今的世界,碰上这种情况也够杯具的,更不用说在当时的情况有多糟糕。

岸上的人根本就还没意识到出了什么问题。没有任何人来搜寻他们。我们当中大部分人没有经历过这些船员所处的可怕情景,但我们都知道害怕是什么感觉。

我们长大以后,我们总是会被鼓励把恐惧视为软弱,需要像乳牙或轮滑鞋一样扔掉的幼稚的东西。

我想意外事故并非我们所想的那样。神经系统科学家已经知道人类生来就是乐观主义者。

这也许就是为什么我们认为有时候恐惧,本身就是一种危险或带来危险。“不要愁。”我们总是对别人说。“不要慌”。英语中,恐惧是我们需要征服的东西。是我们必须对抗的东西,是我们必须克服的东西。

但是我们如果换个视角看恐惧会如何呢如果我们把恐惧当做是想象力的一个惊人成果,是和我们讲故事一样精妙而有见地的东西,又会如何呢

在小孩子当中,我们最容易看到恐惧与想象之间的联系,他们的恐惧经常是超级生动的。

WhenIwasachild,IlivedinCalifornia,whichis,youknow,mostlyaveryniceplacetolive,butformeasachild,Californiacouldalsobealittlescary.

我小时候住在加利福尼亚,你们都知道,是非常适合居住的位置,但是对一个小孩来说,加利福尼亚也会有点吓人。

我记得每次小地震的时候当我看到我们餐桌上的吊灯晃来晃去的时候是多么的吓人,我经常会彻夜难眠,担心大地震会在我们睡觉的时候突然袭来。

Andwhatwesayaboutkidswhohavefearslikethatisthattheyhaveavividimagination.Butatacertainpoint,mostofuslearntoleavethesekindsofvisionsbehindandgrowup.

我们说小孩子感受到这种恐惧是因为他们有生动的想象力。但是在某个时候,我们大多数学会了抛弃这种想法而变得成熟。

我们都知道床下没有魔鬼,也不是每个地震都会震垮房子。但是我们当中最有想象力的人们并没有因为成年而抛弃这种恐惧,这也许并不是巧合。

同样不可思议的想象力创造了《物种起源》,《简·爱》和《追忆似水年华》,也就是这种与生俱来的深深的担忧一直缠绕着成年的查尔斯·达尔文,夏洛特·勃朗特和马塞尔·普罗斯特。问题就来了,我们其他人如何能从这些梦想家和小孩子身上学会恐惧

让我们暂时回到1819年,回到ESSEX捕鲸船的水手们面对的情况。让我们看看他们漂流在太平洋中央时他们的想象力给他们带来的恐惧感觉。

Twenty-fourhourshadnowpassedsincethecapsizingoftheship.Thetimehadcomeforthementomakeaplan,buttheyhadveryfewoptions.

船倾覆后已经过了24个小时。这时人们制定了一个计划,但是其实他们没什么太多的选择。

Inhisfascinatingaccountofthedisaster,NathanielPhilbrickwrotethatthesemenwerejustaboutasfarfromlandasitwaspossibletobeanywhereonEarth.

这些人知道离他们最近的岛是1200英里以外的马克萨斯群岛(MarquesasIslands)。但是他们听到了让人恐怖的谣言。

他们听说这些群岛,以及附近的一些岛屿上都住着食人族。所以他们脑中都是上岸以后就会被杀掉被人当做盘中餐的画面。另一个可行的目的地是夏威夷,但是船长担心他们会被困在风暴当中。

Nowthelastoptionwasthelongest,andthemostdifficult:tosail1,500milesduesouthinhopesofreachingacertainbandofwindsthatcouldeventuallypushthemtowardthecoastofSouthAmerica.

所以最后的选择是到最远,也是最艰险的地方:往南走1500英里希望某股风能最终把他们吹到南美洲的海岸。

Buttheyknewthatthesheerlengthofthisjourneywouldstretchtheirsuppliesoffoodandwater.Tobeeatenbycannibals,tobebatteredbystorms,tostarvetodeathbeforereachingland.

但是他们知道这个行程中一旦偏航将会耗尽他们食物和饮水的供给。被食人族吃掉,被风暴掀翻,在登陆前饿死。

Thesewerethefearsthatdancedintheimaginationsofthesepoormen,andasitturnedout,thefeartheychosetolistentowouldgovernwhethertheylivedordied.

这就是萦绕在这群可怜的人想象中的恐惧,事实证明,他们选择听从的恐惧将决定他们的生死。

Nowwemightjustaseasilycallthesefearsbyadifferentname.Whatifinsteadofcallingthemfears,wecalledthemstories

也许我们可以很容易的用别的名称来称呼这些恐惧。我们不称之为恐惧,而是称它们为故事如何

如果你仔细想想,这是恐惧真正的意义。这是一种与生俱来的,无意识的讲故事的能力。恐惧和讲故事有着同样的构成。

Theyhavethesamearchitecture.Likeallstories,fearshavecharacters.Inourfears,thecharactersareus.Fearsalsohaveplots.Theyhavebeginningsandmiddlesandends.Youboardtheplane.

他们有同样的结构。如同所有的故事,恐惧中有角色。在恐惧中,角色就是我们自己。恐惧也有情节。他们有开头,有中间,有结尾。你登上飞机。

Theplanetakesoff.Theenginefails.Ourfearsalsotendtocontainimagerythatcanbeeverybitasvividaswhatyoumightfindinthepagesofanovel.Pictureacannibal,humanteethsinkingintohumanskin,humanfleshroastingoverafire.

飞机起飞。结果引擎故障。我们的恐惧会包括各种生动的想象,不比你看到的任何一个小说逊色。想象食人族,人类牙齿咬在人类皮肤上,人肉在火上烤。

恐惧中也有悬念。如果我今天像讲故事一样,留个悬念不说了,你们也许会很想知道ESSEX捕鲸船上,人们到底怎么样了。我们的恐惧用悬念一样的方式刺激我们。

Justlikeallgreatstories,ourfearsfocusourattentiononaquestionthatisasimportantinlifeasitisinliterature:Whatwillhappennext

就像一个很好的故事,我们的恐惧也如同一部好的文学作品一样,将我们的注意力集中在对我们生命至关重要的问题上:后来发生了什么

Inotherwords,ourfearsmakeusthinkaboutthefuture.Andhumans,bytheway,aretheonlycreaturescapableofthinkingaboutthefutureinthisway,ofprojectingourselvesforwardintime,andthismentaltimetravelisjustonemorethingthatfearshaveincommonwithstorytelling.

Asawriter,Icantellyouthatabigpartofwritingfictionislearningtopredicthowoneeventinastorywillaffectalltheotherevents,andfearworksinthatsameway.

我是一个作家,我要告诉你们写小说一个很重要的部分就是学会预测故事中一件事情如何影响另一件事情,恐惧也是同样这么做的。

Infear,justlikeinfiction,onethingalwaysleadstoanother.WhenIwaswritingmyfirstnovel,"TheAgeOfMiracles,"IspentmonthstryingtofigureoutwhatwouldhappeniftherotationoftheEarthsuddenlybegantoslowdown.Whatwouldhappentoourdays

WhatwouldhappentoourcropsWhatwouldhappentoourmindsAndthenitwasonlylaterthatIrealizedhowverysimilarthesequestionsweretotheonesIusedtoaskmyselfasachildfrightenedinthenight.

我们身体会怎样我们的思想会有什么变化也就是在那之后,我意识到我过去总是问自己的那些些问题和孩子们在夜里害怕是多么的相像。

Ifanearthquakestrikestonight,Iusedtoworry,whatwillhappentoourhouseWhatwillhappentomyfamilyAndtheanswertothosequestionsalwaystooktheformofastory.

要是在过去,如果今晚发生地震,我会很担心,我的房子会怎么样啊家里人会怎样啊这类问题的答案通常都会和故事一样。

Soifwethinkofourfearsasmorethanjustfearsbutasstories,weshouldthinkofourselvesastheauthorsofthosestories.Butjustasimportantly,weneedtothinkofourselvesasthereadersofourfears,andhowwechoosetoreadourfearscanhaveaprofoundeffectonourlives.

所以我们认为我们的恐惧不仅仅是恐惧还是故事,我们应该把自己当作这些故事的作者。但是同样重要的是,我们需要想象我们自己是我们恐惧的解读者,我们选择如何去解读这些恐惧会对我们的生活产生深远的影响。

Now,someofusnaturallyreadourfearsmorecloselythanothers.Ireadaboutastudyrecentlyofsuccessfulentrepreneurs,andtheauthorfoundthatthesepeoplesharedahabitthathecalled"productiveparanoia,"whichmeantthatthesepeople,insteadofdismissingtheirfears,thesepeoplereadthemclosely,theystudiedthem,andthentheytranslatedthatfearintopreparationandaction.

现在,我们中有些人比其他人更自然的解读自己的恐惧。最近我看过一个关于成功的企业家的研究,作者发现这些人都有个习惯叫做“未雨绸缪“,意思是,这些人,不回避自己的恐惧,而是认真解读并研究恐惧,然后把恐惧转换成准备和行动。

Sothatway,iftheirworstfearscametrue,theirbusinesseswereready.

这样,如果最坏的事情发生了,他们的企业也有所准备。

当然,很多时候,最坏的事情确实发生了。这是恐惧非凡的一面。曾几何时,我们的恐惧预测将来。

但是我们不可能为我们想象力构建的所有恐惧来做准备。所以,如何区分值得听从的恐惧和不值得的呢我想捕鲸船ESSEX的故事结局提供了一个有启发性,同时又悲惨的例子。

Aftermuchdeliberation,themenfinallymadeadecision.Terrifiedofcannibals,theydecidedtoforgotheclosestislandsandinsteadembarkedonthelongerandmuchmoredifficultroutetoSouthAmerica.

经过数次权衡,他们最终做出了决定。由于害怕食人族,他们决定放弃最近的群岛而是开始更长更艰难的南美洲之旅。

Aftermorethantwomonthsatsea,themenranoutoffoodastheyknewtheymight,andtheywerestillquitefarfromland.Whenthelastofthesurvivorswerefinallypickedupbytwopassingships,lessthanhalfofthemenwereleftalive,andsomeofthemhadresortedtotheirownformofcannibalism.

在海上呆了两个多月后,他们的食物如预料之中消耗殆尽,而且他们仍然离陆地那么远。当最后的幸存者最终被过往船只救起时,只有一小半的人还活着,实际上他们中的一些人自己变成了食人族。

HermanMelville,whousedthisstoryasresearchfor"MobyDick,"wroteyearslater,andfromdryland,quote,"AllthesufferingsofthesemiserablemenoftheEssexmightinallhumanprobabilityhavebeenavoidedhadthey,immediatelyafterleavingthewreck,steeredstraightforTahiti.

赫尔曼·梅尔维尔(HermanMelville)将这个故事作为《白鲸记》的素材,在数年后写到:ESSEX船上遇难者的悲惨结局或许是可以通过人为的努力避免的,如果他们当机立断地离开沉船,直奔塔西提群岛。

But,"asMelvilleputit,"theydreadedcannibals."Sothequestionis,whydidthesemendreadcannibalssomuchmorethantheextremelikelihoodofstarvation

“但是”,梅尔维尔说道:“他们害怕食人族”问题是,为什么这些人对于食人族的恐惧超过了更有可能的饥饿威胁呢

WhyweretheyswayedbyonestorysomuchmorethantheotherLookedatfromthisangle,theirsbecomesastoryaboutreading.ThenovelistVladimirNabokovsaidthatthebestreaderhasacombinationoftwoverydifferenttemperaments,theartisticandthescientific.

为什么他们会被一个故事影响如此之大呢从另一个角度来看,这是一个关于解读的故事。小说家弗拉基米尔·纳博科夫(VladimirNabokov)说最好的读者能把两种截然不同的性格结合起来,一个是艺术气质,一个是科学精神。

好的读者有艺术家的热情,愿意融入故事当中,但是同样重要的是,这些读者还要有科学家的冷静判断,这能帮助他们稳定情绪并分析其对故事的直觉反应。我们可以看出来,ESSEX上的人在艺术部分一点问题都没有。

Theydreamedupavarietyofhorrifyingscenarios.Theproblemwasthattheylistenedtothewrongstory.Ofallthenarrativestheirfearswrote,theyrespondedonlytothemostlurid,themostvivid,theonethatwaseasiestfortheirimaginationstopicture:cannibals.

他们梦想到一系列恐怖的场景。问题在于他们听从了一个错误的故事。所有他们恐惧中他们只对其中最耸人听闻,最生动的故事,也是他们想象中最早出现的场景:食人族。

Andmaybeifwealltriedtoreadourfears,wetoowouldbelessoftenswayedbythemostsalaciousamongthem.

也许如果我们都试着解读自己的恐惧,我们就能少被其中的一些幻象所迷惑。

如同文学中最精妙的故事通常是最丰富的故事,我们最细微的恐惧才是最真实的恐惧。用正确的方法的解读,我们的恐惧就是我们想象力赐给我们的礼物,借此一双慧眼,让我们能管窥未来甚至影响未来。

Properlyread,ourfearscanofferussomethingaspreciousasourfavoriteworksofliterature:alittlewisdom,abitofinsightandaversionofthatmostelusivething--thetruth.Thankyou.

如果能得到正确的解读,我们的恐惧能和我们最喜欢的文学作品一样给我们珍贵的东西:一点点智慧,一点点洞悉以及对最玄妙东西——真相的诠释。谢谢。

THE END
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21.2012年天津市中考英语真题试卷附答案中考英语真题We provide summer English courses and you will enjoy learning about American culture and improve your English. The courses last for 4 weeks. They start at the beginning of July and August. Our teachers are very experienced. They teach English classes for 4 hours a day. You can choose betweenhttps://www.kekenet.com/chuzhong/201410/333070_2.shtml
22.Top10tipsforteachingEnglishtotoddlersESLKidStuffteach little ones, and once you “crack the code”, you’ll probably enjoy teaching these able to do (and not do) is the first step in knowing how you can help them learn Englishsong and I am having to watch my students for the words because I have forgotten some of https://www.eslkidstuff.com/teachers-knowledge-base/top-10-tips-for-teaching-english-to-toddlers/
23.WaystoMakeMoneyinRetirementSend My Free Report By submitting your email address, you will receive a free subscription to IL Postcards and special offers from International Living and our affiliates. You can unsubscribe at any time, and we encourage you to read more about our Privacy Policy. Teach English If you’re ahttp://www.greatescapepublishing.com/program/travel-blogging/
24.TESOLCERTIFICATIONOneofthebestwaystotravelTeach English Worldwide with TESOL CERTIFICATION TESOL CERTIFICATION One of the best ways to travel the world while working in a rewarding and profitable field is to seek TESOL certification. TESOL stands for "teachers of English to speakers of other languages." People who earn TESOL certificationhttps://m.tesoledu.com/h-nd-581.html
25.教授的英文表达形式有哪几种2. I'll teach you to swim. 我教你游泳。 3. Mr.Smith teaches us English. 史密斯先生教我们英文。 4. That accident taught them a lesson. 那次事故给了他们一个教训。 不及物动词 1. He teaches in Berlin. 他在柏林教书。 教授的英文表达形式:pedagog https://m.oh100.com/fanyi/845941.html
26.Diveintovolunteervacations:affordableandimpactfulAs a volunteer with the project Pachamama, you have the opportunity to assist in a kindergarten, teach English at the local Lija Community Center, and lend a hand with the rescued animals. In exchange, volunteers receive accommodation and meals. "This experience was incredible, I got to stay https://www.worldpackers.com/articles/volunteer-vacations
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