1、U1Reading10JulyFirefightersputouttowerblockfireFirefightersquicklyputouttheHendersonTowerfirelastnight.Thefire,whichisthoughttohavestartedfromthe8thfloor;spreadquicklythroughthetowerblockonSundaynight,leavingpeopleontheupperfloorstrapped.Fearsgrewthatth
2、enumberofdeathscouldreach5,accordingtofiguresreleasedbyemergencyservices.Fireenginesandambulances,calledat9:30p.m.,reachedthescenewithin15minutes.Bythistime,thefirehadextendedtothe15thfloor.Firefightersgotthesituationundercontrolaround11p.m.Thereisco
3、ncernthattheconstructioncompanythatbuiltthetowerblockhadnotfollowedfiresafetyrules.11JulyLocalnewsDeadlyfireintowerblockcausesseriousdamageAterriblefirebrokeoutonSundaynight,leavingtheHendersonTowerseriouslydamaged.Emergencyservicesestimatethatthenumberof
4、deathscouldreach9.Bythismorning,4peoplehavebeenconfirmeddead.Thefirehasalsoleftdozensofpeopleinjured,5ofwhomareinacriticalcondition.LisaMayer,29,isamongtheluckyoneswhoonlysufferedminorinjuries.Sherecalled,TwasabouttohaveabathwhenIheardpeoplesc
5、reaminganddogsbarking.Ilookedoutsideandthesmokewaschokingme.Itwaslikeanawfuldream.”MrPeterson,headofthefiredepartment,confirmsthatadroppedcigaretteendonacarpetofthe8thfloorstartedthefireandthattheautomaticfirealarmsdidnotgooffquicklyenoughtoprev
6、entthedisaster.Ateamiscurrentlyinvestigatingtheaccidentfurther.ReadingnewsreportscriticallyWerelyonnewstolearnaboutwhatishappeningintheworldaroundus.However,weusuallyfindthatreportsonthesameeventscontaindifferentorevencontradictoryinformation.Howdothese
8、forts,whilethesecondtalksmoreaboutdeathsandinjuries.Whenwereadmorethanonereport,wecometounderstandaneventinamorecomprehensiveway.Evenifnewsreportsarewrittenfrombasicallythesameperspective,theymaycontradicteachotherintermsoffactualdetails,aseventsint
9、herealworldareusuallycomplicatedandconstantlychanging.Forinstance,thenumbersofdeathsdifferinthetwonewsreportsontheHendersonTowerfire.Whenwecomeacrosssuchfactualdifferences,weshouldnotrushtotheconclusionthatoneofthenewsreportsgivesfalseinformation.Inst
10、ead,checkwhenthereportswerewritten.Newsreportswrittenatdifferentstagesofaneventcouldcontaindifferentinformationasnewfactsarebroughttolight.Anotheraspectworthyofmentionisthatjournalistsmayapproachinformationtheygetfromresearchorinterviewsdifferently.Suppos
11、eemergencyservices,estimatesofthenumberofdeathsvarybetween5and9.Journalistsmaychoosetopresenttheminimum,themaximumorsomethinginbetweenintheirnewsreports.Therefore,checkingdifferentsourcesenablesustodrawamoreinformedconclusion.Tosumup,itiswisetoreadne
12、wsreportswrittenfromvariousperspectivesandatdifferentstages,whichbringsusamoreaccurateunderstandingofasituation.Wealsoneedtobecriticalabouttheinformationwereceiveandremembernottoblindlytrustwhatwehaveread.Thoughjournalistsarecommittedtopresentingthetru
13、th,itisbettertouseourownjudgementthanrelyentirelyonnewsreports.Withgreatdiscrimination,everyoneofushasthepotentialtobeacriticalnewsreader.ExtendedreadingInjustoneday,apersoncanseehundredsofmarketingmessages.Advertisinghasbecomepartofourmodernlife.Bu
14、twhatisadvertisingexactlyInshort,itreferstotheactivityofpromotingaproductorservice.Inotherwords,ittriestopersuadeyoutobuyaproductorservice.Thehistoryofadvertisinghasalwaysbeencloselylinkedwiththatofthemassmedia.Fromtheancientsimpleadvertisementspai
15、ntedonoutdoorsignstothecolourful,interactiveonesinsmartphoneapps,advertisingandthemassmediahavedevelopedhandinhand.Asmediachannelshavegrowninnumberandtype,sohaveadvertisements.Becausethemassmediareachessomanypeople,itisaperfectvehicleforadvertisers.If
16、anadvertisementisplacedonapopularwebsiteoronTVatpeaktimes,ahugenumberofpeoplewillknowabouttheproductorserviceitisadvertising.Inadditiontomakingpeopleawareofaproductorservice,asuccessfuladvertisementwillalsocreateadesiretobuy,thusboostingbusiness.Th
17、atiswhywhenacompanywantstopromoteaproductorservice,itoftenlaunchesamassmediaadvertisingcampaign.Basedonthepsychologybehindcreatingadesiretobuy,advertisershavedevelopedwaysofpersuadingpeopleintopurchasingtheirproductsorservices.Acommontechniquetomakeani
18、mpactistocreateamemorableslogan.Slogansusesimplebutimpressivelanguagetomakeusremembertheproductorservicebeingadvertised.Someoftheseslogansmayalsoappealtoouremotions.Forexample,asloganmayconnectafinechinateapotitaimstopromotewithourprideinhavinggood
19、taste.YouwillhearavarietyofslogansanytimeyouwatchTV.Thinkaboutyourfavouriteone.WhatmakesitspecialAndwhatmessagedoesittrytogetacrossAsloganwhichcommunicatesanideaeffectivelycanboostsalesandevenbecomepartofpopularculture.Thatisthepowerofmemorable
20、slogans.Anothertechniqueadvertisersoftenemployistolinktheircompanyorproducttoa“brandambassador"afamousactor,asportsstar,orevenafictionalcharacter.Thinkofapopularfast-foodrestaurant.DoesithaveabrandambassadorIsthebrandambassadorpopularamongpotential
21、customersThemorewelikethebrandambassador,themorewewillbeattractedtobuytheproduct.Ofcourse,someadvertisementsarenotsoobvious.Forexample,productplacementistypicallyusedinfilmswithhugebox-officesuccessandTVshowswithhighratings.Somefilmsarenowsponsoredby
22、leadingbrands,sothatonlytheirproductsappearinthefilms,likethewatcheswornbythetitlecharacterintheJamesBondfilms.Othertypesofmassmediauseproductplacementtoo,includingvideogames.Itisnotuncommonforsportsvideogameseriestofeaturedifferentin-gameequipmentw
23、ithrealbrandnames.Weabsorbthesemarketingmessageswithoutthinkingaboutthemtoomuch,yettheyprobablyhaveaneffectonusthenexttimewegoshopping.Inthepast,advertisingwasallaboutreachingasmanypeopleaspossiblewiththesamemessage.Now,advertisingisbecomingmoredigit
24、alandmorepersonalized.AlreadywemayseeonlineadvertisementsforproductswehavepreviouslysearchedforontheInternet,andweareverylikelytoreceivespecialdiscountsandpromotionstargetedspecificallyatus.Inthefuture,advertisingwillbeevenmoreaboutunderstandingindividual
25、customersandsendingthemadvertisementsthataretailoredtospecificneeds.Notonlywillthismakethemfeelmorevaluedandenablethemtoseewhattheyaremostinterestedin,butitwillalsohelpcompaniestargettheircustomersmoreefficientlytohaveapositiveeffectonsales.Unit2Read
26、ingEveryfouryears,thousandsofhighlytrainedandtalentedathletesgathertogetherinthespiritoffriendship,solidarityandfairplay,readytotesttheirabilitiesagainsteachotherinthehopeofbeingrecognizedasthebestofthebest.ThisistheOlympicsanextraordinarysportingevent
27、thatwasfirstcelebratedabout3,000yearsago.Subheading1TheancientOlympicGamesbeganintheyear776BCE.DuringtheearlyGames,onlyGreekmenwereallowedtoparticipate.Theycompetedinsucheventsasboxing,runningandthelongjump.TheancientOlympicGameswereheldatOlympiainGre
28、eceeveryfouryearsforalmost12centuries,untiltheyeventuallydiedoutaroundtheyear393.Morethan1,500yearslater,however,theGamesroseagain.ThemodernOlympicswerefirstheldin1896,inAthens.ItwasaFrenchman,PierredeCoubertin,whobroughttheOlympicsbacktolife.Hisdre
30、gher,Stronger-know”na,tmhlaenteysw,beollthmaleandfemale,havedevotedthemselvestoachievingsportingexcellenceandpushingtheboundariesofhumanachievement.OnesuchOlympianwastheboxerCassiusClay.Hecametopublicattentionduringthe1960RomeOlympics,whenhewonthelight-heav
31、yweightgoldmedalfortheUSA,demonstratinggreattalentandpersonalityintheprocess.A代erwards,thisyoungmanproceededtobecometheworldheavyweightchampionin1964,andlaterchangedhisnametotheoneweallknowMuhammadAli.Hereturnedtothe1996AtlantaOlympicGamestolightth
32、eOlympicflameattheopeningceremony.Bythetimehediedin2016,Alihadbeenrecognizedasoneofthegreatestboxersofalltime.AnothersportspersonthatshouldbeapplaudedisJessicaEnnis-Hill.HerstoryisaremarkableexampleofhowhardworkanddevotioncanleadtosportingexcellenceA
33、.formertrackandfieldathletefromtheUK,shewonanOlympicgoldmedalinherhomecountryin2012.Asifthatwerenotenough,shereturnedtotheOlympicsandwonasilvermedalin2016,justtwoyearsaftergivingbirthtoherfirstchild.Inaninterviewsherevealedthatthesecretofher
34、consistentgoodperformancewasthetrainingthatshenevermissed.Subheading3The2008BeijingOlympicscalledonthewholeworldtojoinintheOlympicspiritandbuildabetterfutureforhumanitywiththeslogan"OneWorld,OneDream”.InadditioOnltyomhpoicsstinfogrthethefirsttime,Chi
37、ntohosttheWinterOlympics.TheOlympicGamesbringjoyandexcitementtopeopleacrosstheworld.AsCoubertinbelieved,"WiththeOlympicGames,eachgenerationcelebratesitsadvent,itsjoyofliving,itsfaithinthefuture,itsambitionanditswilltoascend/ExtendedreadingEverylangu
38、agehasitsidioms,whicharegroupsofwordswithmeaningsdifferentfromthemeaningsoftheindividualwords.Idiomsmakelanguagemorecolourfulandexpressive.Sincesportisaninseparablepartofday-to-daylife,therearelotsofsportsidiomsthathavefoundtheirwayintoeverydaylanguage
41、"movesthegoalposts"ineverydaylife,itmeanstheyunfairlychangetherulesorrequirementsforsomething.Aninsurancesalesmanwhoisabouttoreachhisannualsalestarget,onlyforthecompanytomakethetargethigher,couldrightlycomplainaboutthecompanymovingthegoalposts.
43、someonemakesabadmistakewhichunintentionallyharmstheirowninterests,theyaresaidtohavescoredanowngoal.Youmightseethisexpressioninthenewspaperswhenthelocalcouncilmakesadecisionwhichbackfiresterribly!BaseballBaseballisanoldandpopularsportthathasgiventheEngl
44、ishlanguagemanydifferentidioms.Youmighthaveheardexpressionslike"intheballpark"or"aballparkestimate”.Thevenuewhereabasebagameisplayediscalledaballpark.So,evenifwedonotknowexactlywheretheballisduringthegame,wecanassumethatitissomewhere
45、intheballpark.Forthisreason,peopleusetheexpression"intheballpark"oraballparkestimate"totalkaboutroughestimates.Anothercommonbaseballexpressionis"throwingsomeoneacurveball”.Curveballssuddenlyturnintheair,andtheseareofcoursedifficultforth
46、eotherteamtohandle.Weusethisexpressiontodescribethingsthatareunexpectedanddifficulttorespondto."Threestrikesandyouareoutisanotheridiomthatcomesfrombaseball.Asitsuggests,inbaseballthismeansthatabatter(thepersonwiththebaseballbatinhisorherhands
47、)isoutaftermakingthreeunsuccessfulattemptstohittheball.Thisidiomisoftenusedtotalkaboutsituationswherepeoplefailafterwastingthreechances.BoxingEnglishalsohasalargenumberofidiomsconnectedwithboxing,whichhasbeenapopularsportforthousandsofyears.Aboxeris
48、notallowedtousehisorherfiststohittheopponentbelowthewaist.Hencecomestheidiom"belowthebelt”In.day-to-daylife,ifsomeonemakesanunfairandcruelremark,wecandescribeitas"belowthebelt”."Throwinginthetowel"isanothercommonidiomthatcomesfro
49、mboxing.Whenaboxerislosingbadlyandistootiredorconfusedtogiveuponhisorherown,thecoachwillliterallythrowatowelintotheringtoendthefight.Ineverydaylife,thisidiomsimplymeansadmittingdefeatandgivingup.Sportischallengingandsoislife.However,whenyouare
50、thrownacurveball,donotthrowinthetowelworkhard,becarefulnottoscoreanowngoal,andyouaresuretomakeit!牛津新教材选择性必修二U3ReadingThefutureisinourgenesGoodafternoon,ladiesandgentlemen.Thankyouallforcomingtothislecture.Overthecourseofmycareer,Ihaveseenmanywon
51、derfulscientificdevelopments,butnoneareasgame-changingasgenomeediting.IamfullofexcitementaboutthepossibilitiesthisscientificadvancecanbringandIhopetosharemyexcitementwithyoutoday.Asmanyofyoumayalreadyknow,genesplayacriticalroleinshapingourlives.Everyt
52、hingfromthecolourofoureyestoourtalentformathsdependsongenes.Thecompletesetofgenesinsideacelloranylivingbeingiscalledagenome.Ourownpersonalgenomecarriesalltheinformationneededtomakeusgrowanddevelop.Italsocontainsinformationthathelpsdetermineourlif
53、espanandaffectsourchancesofcontractingcertaindiseases.Somepeople,forexample,carryagenethatmakesthemmorelikelytocatchacertainvirusordevelopaparticularformofcancer.Geneticistshavebeentryingtoidentifywhichgenesrelatetowhichdiseases,astheybelievegenomeedit
54、ingisaneffectivemeansofdiseasetreatmentandprevention.Itallowsgeneticiststomakechangestothegenomebycorrecting,adding,deletingorreplacingspecificpartsofthegeneticmaterial.Inthenearfuture,geneticistshopetoapplythistechnologytotreatawiderangeofhealthproblem
56、ting,servingasanewweaponinthefightagainstdiseases,willleadtoafundamentalchangeinourapproachtohealthcare.Asthetechnologycontinuestodevelopatafastpace,however,questionsariseabouthowtouseitappropriately.Shouldwerestrictouruseofthistechnologytothetreatm
57、entandpreventionofdiseasesShouldweprohibitgeneticistsfromusingittoenhancehealthybodiesOnedaysoonwewillbeabletousegenomeeditingtoincreasethehumanresistancetocoldsandflus,tomakepeopletaller,tohelptheirmusclesdevelopfaster,tosharpenalloftheirsensesor
59、dtowrestlewithsuchmoralissues.Wehavetofigureouthowtokeepthetechnologyfromrunningwild.Thismeansputtingappropriatecontrolsinplacetomakesurethatgenomeeditingwillworktoouradvantage.Withoutthem,genomeeditingcouldbeasdangerousasacaroutofcontrol.Thereisstillmuchtobeexploredanddebatedonthesubjectofgenomeediting.Despitethepublicargumentoverthistechnology,itspossibilitieshavebeencreatingmuchexcitementthroughouttheentiremedicalcommunityandbeyond.Withoutdoubt,genomeeditingisoneofthegreatestinnovationsinthe