1、英语句子成分4种基本成分+2种修饰成分基本成分主语谓语动词宾语补足语修饰成分状语（用来修饰动词状语修饰对象不限于动词）定语（用来修饰名词）关系图句子成分基本成分修饰成分核心成分谓语成分主语谓语宾语补语直接宾语间接宾语主语补足语（表语）（表语）宾语补足语定语（修饰名词）状语（修饰动词）句子成分属性主语、宾语名词性的谓语动词性的补足语名词性的或形容词性的状语副词性的定语形容词性的5种基本句型-动词决定句型动词类型动词类型5种基本句型种基本句型不及物动词1.不带宾语主+谓及物动词2.带一个宾语主+谓+直宾3.带两个宾语主+谓+间宾+直宾4.带宾语和宾语补足语主+谓+
2、直宾+宾补系动词5.带主语补足语主+谓（系）+表1.Herlovedied.2.Shelovedme.3.Shegavemeakiss.4.Shemademehappy.5.Sheislovable.动词决定句型，但动词决定不了状语和定语的存在与否，或者说，状语和定语填补动词的语义空缺。给下列短文划分句子成分。LosersLookforQuickFixesTherearetwowaysofgettingridofweedsinyouryard:theeasywayandthenot-so-easyway.(1)The
3、easywaymaybetorunalawnmowerand(2)theyardlooksfineforawhile,butthatisatemporaryanswer.Soontheweedsareback.But(3)thenot-so-easywaymaymeangettingdownonyourhandsandkneesandpullingouttheweedsbytheroots.Itistime-consumingandpainful,but(4)theweeds
4、willstayawayforalongertime.(5)Thefirstsolutionappearedeasy,but(6)theproblemremained.Thesecondsolutionwasnotsoeasy,buttookcareoftheproblemfromtheroots.(7)Thekeyistogettherootoftheproblem.Thesamethingistrueofourattitudeinlife.Theproblemwithpeop
5、letodayisthat(8)theywantinstantanswer.(9)Theyarelookingforone-minutesolutionstoeverything.Justlikeinstantcoffee,theywantinstanthappiness.Therearenoquickfixes.(10)Thisattitudeleadstodisappointmentorevenfailure.(1)Theeasywaymaybetorunalawnmower(2)theya
7、ettherootoftheproblem.(8)theywantinstantanswer.(9)Theyarelookingforone-minutesolutions（toeverything）.(10)Thisattitudeleadstodisappointmentorevenfailure.主谓主主主主谓谓谓谓表/主补宾宾宾宾补定主语谓语动作的执行者主语可以省略。主语的形式结构：Thesunrisesintheeast.（名词）Helikesdancing.（代词）Twentyyearsisa
8、shorttimeinhistory.(数词)Seeingisbelieving.（动名词）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）Whatheneedsisabook.（主语从句）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.宾语动作的承受者动宾IlikeChina.（名词）Hehatesyou.（代词）HowmanydoyouneedWeneedtwo.（数词）Weshouldhelptheoldandthe
9、poor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（动名词）Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）Didyouwritedownwhathesaid（宾语从句）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾AreyouafraidofthesnakeUnderthesnow,therearemanyrocks.双宾语-间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征必不可少；决定句子结构；谓语的形
10、式结构-动词WestudyEnglish.Helikesplayingthegames.宾语动作的承受者动宾IlikeChina.（名词）Hehatesyou.（代词）HowmanydoyouneedWeneedtwo.（数词）Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（动名词）Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）Didyouwritedownwhathesaid（宾语从句）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾Areyo
11、uafraidofthesnake双宾语-间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.补语补充说明名词的成分，通常出现在主语或宾语后边。宾语补足语.主语补足语（表语）；补足语的形式结构：Weelectedhimmonitor.（名词）Weallthinkitapitythatshedidntcomehere.（名）Wewillmakethemhappy.（形容词）Wefoundnobodyin.(副词)Pleasemak
12、eyourselfathome.介词短语）Dontlethimdothat.（省to不定式）Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（to不定式）Dontkeepthelightsburning.（现在分词）Illhavemybikerepaired.（过去分词）Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.系动词b
15、oyneedsapen.（原因状语）Frightened,hesitstheresoundlessly.（原因状语）Theboyneedsapentodohishomework.（目的状语）Tomakehisdreamcometrue,Tombecomesveryinterestedinbusiness.（目的状语）定语修饰名词TheboyThecuteboyThecuteboyinbluejeansThecuteboywearingbluejeansThecuteboywhoiswearingblu
16、ejeansismybrother.同位语名词短语的补语成分名词才有同位语；同位语即名词补足语；省略同位语，句子意思完整。Myuncle,mymothersbrother,diedofcancerwhenhewas47.Ihavenoideawhentheywillbebackandsettledown.Moreexercise划分句子成分。1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou3.Allofusc
17、onsideredhimhonest.4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.5.Hebrokeapieceofglass.6.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity7.-Iloveyoumorethanherchild8.Teesturngreenwhenspringcomes.9.Theypushedthedooropen.10.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastni
18、ght.Moreexercise划分句子成分。11.Hewrotecarefullysomeletterstohisfriends.12.Allthestudentsthinkhighlyofhisteaching13.Weneedaplacetwicelargerthanthisone.14.HeaskedustosinganEnglishsong.15.Dontgetnervous，helpyourselftowhatyoulike16.Wewillmakeourschoolmorebe
19、autiful.17.HedidntcomeThatiswhyhedidntknow18.Sheshowedushermanyofherpictures.19.Theoldmanlivesalonelylife.20.Luckilythe1989earthquakedidnothappeninthecenteroftown.Moreexercise划分句子成分。21.ThecarsmadeinJapanarebetterthanthoseinGermany22.Therearesomanypeopleinthehallthatitshardformetofindhim23.Nomatterhowdifficultthetaskmaybe,wemustfulfilitthismonth.24.Gobackwhereyoucamefrom.25.Wemustdowhateverthepeo