随着信风强度的减弱，海洋温度升高，导致了秘鲁寒流从东部流入，温度上升了5摄氏度。
2。theinterstatehighwaysystemwasfinallylaunchedin1956andhasbeenhailedasoneofthegreatestpublicworksprojectsofthecentury.（2006年6月）
本句为简单句。句子主干为thesystemwaslaunchedandhasbeenhailed。介词as在这里意为“作为，当作”。
州际公路体系最终在1956年开建，并被称道为那个世纪最伟大的工程之一。
3、hesaysitwouldonlytakehimafewminutestoteachapersonhowtostealacar,usingabareminimumoftools.（2006年6月）
他声称自己可以花几分钟就能教会一个新手用最少的几样工具偷到一辆车。
4、buthancocksaysitisalsocrucialwhetheraconversationisbeingrecordedandcouldbereread,andwhetheritoccursinrealtime.（2006年6月）
本句为并列复合句。句子主干为hancocksays…。says后是省略that的宾语从句。从句中it是形式主语，真正的`主语是两个并列的whether引导的主语从句。
但是hancock说问题的关键还在于交流的内容有没有被记录，有没有被重读的可能性，是否即时发生。
5、ifyouaresubmittingyourresumeinenglish,findoutiftherecipient（收件人）usesbritishenglishoramericanenglishbecausetherearevariationsbetweenthetwoversions.（2006年6月）
本句为复合句。主句为findout…。第一个if引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”；第二个if引导宾语从句，表示“是否”，相当于whether；because后说明原因。
【译文】如果你提交的是英文简历，需要了解收件人使用的是英式英语还是美式英语，因为这两种说法存在差别。
6、itstartsinthepacificoceanandisthoughttobecausedbyafailureinthetradewinds（信风），whichaffectstheoceancurrentsdrivenbythesewinds.（2006年6月）
本句为并列复合句。主句为itstartsinthepacificoceanandisthoughttobecausedby…winds。which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰failure。过去分词短语drivenbythesewinds是theoceancurrents的后置定语。
这种现象首先出现在太平洋，并且被认为是由于信风引起的，信风会对洋流产生影响。
7、agovernmentstudyrecommendedanationalhighwaysystemof33,920miles,andcongresssoonpassedthefederal-aidhighwayactof1944,whichcalledstrict,centrallycontrolleddesigncriteria.（2006年6月）
本句为并列复合句。主句为agovernmentstudyrecommended…，andcongresssoonpassedthe…actof1944。which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰federal-aidhighwayactof1944。
一份政府研究报告建议在全国范围建设总长33920英里的公路，国会很快就通过了1944年联邦支持公路的法案，这项法案规定了严格的中央控制的设计标准。
8、trafficcontrolsystemsandmethodsofconstructiondevelopedundertheinterstateprogramsooninfluencedhighwayconstructionaroundtheworld,andwereinvaluableinimprovingtheconditionofurbanstreetsandtrafficpatterns.（2006年6月）
本句为简单句。句子主干为systemandmethodsinfluencedconstructionandwereinvaluable。第二个and连接两个并列谓语。developedundertheinterstateprogram是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰systems和methods。
在州际公路项目下发展的交通控制系统以及建筑方式很快影响到了世界范围公路的建设，并为改善城市街道和交通模式起到了重要作用。
9、byopeningthenorthamericancontinent,highwayshaveenabledconsumergoodsandservicestoreachpeopleinremoteandruralareasofthecountry,spurredthegrowthofsuburbs,andprovidedpeoplewithgreateroptionsintermsofjobs,accesstoculturalprograms,healthcare,andotherbenefits.（2006年6月）
本句为简单句。句子主干为highwayshaveenabled…toreachpeople,spurredthegrowth,andprovidedpeoplewithoptions。byopeningthenorthamericancontinent是方式状语。
通过开通北美洲路线，公路使得消费品和服务能够到达住在边远地区和农村地区的人们那里，刺激周边地区经济发展，为人们提供更多选择，如工作、文化活动、保健及其他福利。
10、thetechnologicaladvancesmadeitpossibleforthemiddleclassestoenjoywhathadoncebeenaffordableonlytotheveryrich.（2006年6月）
本句为复合句。句子主干为technologicaladvancesmadeitpossibletoenjoy…。it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是toenjoywhathadoncebeenaffordableonlytotheveryrich。what引导的从句作enjoy的宾语。possible是made的宾语补足语。
技术上的进步使中产阶级也能享受到那些原来只有有钱人才负担得起的东西。
11、hisresults,tobepresentedattheconferenceonhuman-computerinteractioninvienna,austria,inapril,havesurprisedpsychologists.（2006年6月）
本句为简单句。句子主干为resultshavesurprisedpsychologists。tobepresented…inapril是不定式短语作定语，修饰results。
他的研究结果令一些心理学家非常吃惊，他将在四月份奥地利维也纳举行的人机互动交流大会上为大家展现。
12、andeconomics,withitsemphasisonincentives，providesguidepoststhatpointtoanexplanationforwhysomanygirlsaredeprivedofaneducation.（2006年6月）
本句为复合句。句子主干为economicsprovidesguideposts。介词短语withitsemphasisonincentives是economics的伴随状语，分隔了主句的主语和谓语。that引导定语从句，修饰guideposts。why引导宾语从句，作explanationfor的宾语。
因为本身强调激励作用，经济学对于大多数女孩被剥夺受教育权利的原因作出了解释。
13、manyin-homejobsthatusedtobedoneprimarilybywomen—rangingfromfamilyshoppingtopreparingmealstodoingvoluntarywork—stillneedtobedonebysomeone.（2006年12月）
本句为复合句。句子主干为jobsneedtobedone。that引导定语从句，修饰jobs。rangingfrom…to…voluntarywork是现在分词短语作定语，也修饰jobs。
许多过去主要由妇女做的家务活，例如购物、准备晚饭、做义务家务，现在仍然需要有人完成。
14、infact,newyork’smunicipalwaterformorethanacenturywascalledthechampagneoftapwateranduntilrecentlyconsideredamongthebestintheworldintermsofbothtasteandpurity.（2006年12月）
【实际上一个多世纪以来，纽约的市政水一直被称为自来水中的香槟，而且直到现在也被认为是世界上味道最好、最纯净的水。
15、girlsarethusseenaslessvaluablethanboysandarekeptathometodohouseworkwhiletheirbrothersaresenttoschool—theprophecy（预言）becomesself-fulfilling,trappingwomeninaviciouscircle（恶性循环）ofneglect.（2006年6月）
本句为复合句。主句是破折号后的内容，前面则是prophecy的同位语从句。该从句包含一个while引导的比较状语从句，其中又嵌套一个than引导的比较状语从句，省略了从句谓语。trapping是现在分词短语作伴随状语。
所以，与男孩相比，女孩被认为没有用处而只能待在家里做家务，而她们的兄弟却被送去读书——这样的预言正如预期的那样成为了现实，使女性陷入被忽视的恶性循环。
16、interestinpursuinginternationalcareershassoaredinrecentyears,enhancedbychronic（长久的）personnelshortagesthatarecausingcompaniestosearchbeyondtheirhomebordersfortalent.（2006年6月）
本句为复合句。句子主干为interesthassoared。过去分词enhanced作定语，修饰interest，表示被动。that引导定语从句，修饰shortages。
17、variablesincludedtheslopeoftheland,theabilityofthepavementtosupporttheload,theintensityofroaduseandthenatureoftheunderlyingsoil.（2006年6月）
本句是简单句。句子主干为variablesincluded…。并列结构theslopeoftheland,theabilityofthepavementtosupporttheload,theintensityofroaduse和thenatureoftheunderlyingsoil是included的宾语。
变数包括土地的坡度、人行道所能支撑的承受力、道路使用密集度以及下方土地的性质。
18、long-span,segmented-concrete,cable-stayedbridgessuchashaleboggsinlouisianaandthesunshineskywayinflorida,andremarkabletunnelslikefortmchenryinmarylandandmt.bakerinwashington,metmanyofthenation’sphysicalchallenges.（2006年6月）
本句为简单句。句子主干为bridgesandtunnelsmetchallenges。long-span,segmented-concrete和cable-stayed是三个并列的合成形容词作bridges的定语。suchas和like表示举例说明。
跨度大、混凝土分割、电缆遍布的大桥，如路易斯安那州的黑尔伯格，佛罗里达州的阳光大道；还有著名的隧道，如马里兰州的福特马克亨利，华盛顿州的贝克山，这些建筑的建设都遇到了许多国内自然条件的挑战。
19、notonlyhasthehighwaysystemaffectedtheamericaneconomybyprovidingshippingroutes,ithasledtothegrowthofspin-offindustrieslikeservicestations,motels,restaurants,andshoppingcenters.（2006年6月）
本句为并列句。句子主干为notonlyhasthehighwaysystemaffectedtheeconomy,ithasledtothegrowth。notonly…butalso句型属并列结构，意为“不仅……而且”，butalso可以省略。notonly在句首，句子谓语要用部分倒装语序。
20、aneducatedmother,ontheotherhand,hasgreaterearningabilitiesoutsidethehomeandfacesanentirelydifferentsetofchoices.（2006年6月）
本句为简单句。句子主干为motherhasabilitiesandfaceschoices。ontheotherhand是插入结构，分隔了主语和谓语，意为“另一方面”。
从另一方面来讲，一位受过教育的母亲，有更多在外赚钱的本事，并且能面对一系列完全不同的选择。
21、whenwedesignedamerica’sfirstso-called“green”officebuildinginnewyorktwodecadesago,wefeltveryalone.（2006年6月）
【译文】二十年前，在纽约设计美国第一个所谓的“绿色”办公大楼时，我们感到势单力薄。
22、the“energy-efficient”sealedcommercialbuildingsconstructedafterthe1970senergycrisisrevealedindoorairqualityproblemscausedbymaterialssuchaspaint,wallcoveringandcarpet.（2006年6月）
本句为简单句。句子主干为buildingsrevealedproblems。过去分词短语constructedafterthe1970senergycrisis作后置定语，修饰buildings；causedbymaterials作后置定语，修饰problems。注意，过去分词作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。
20世纪70年代能源危机后建造的节能型封闭性商业建筑暴露出由油漆、墙纸和地毯等材料引起的室内空气质量问题。
23、sofor20years,we’vebeenfocusingonthesematerialsdowntothemolecules,lookingforwaystomakethemsafeforpeopleandtheplanet.（2006年6月）
本句为简单句。句子主干为we’vebeenfocusingonthesematerials。lookingforwaystomakethemsafeforpeopleandtheplanet是现在分词短语作目的状语。
因此，二十年来，我们集中研究这些材料，直至分子层面，以寻求方法使它们于人体和地球无害。
24、“assleep-deprivedpeopleourselves,westartedthinkingofwhattodoaboutit,”saysericshashoua,arecentcollegegraduateandnowchiefexecutiveofficerofaxonsleepresearchlaboratories,acompanycreatedbythestudentstodeveloptheiridea.（2006年6月）
本句为简单句。句子主干为“assleep-deprivedpeopleourselves,westartedthinkingofwhattodoaboutit,”saysericshashoua。介词as意为“作为，当作”，后接名词作状语。whattodoaboutit作of的宾语。arecentcollegegraduateand…researchlaboratories是ericshashoua的同位语；acompanycreatedbythestudentstodeveloptheiridea是axonsleepresearchlaboratories的同位语。过去分词短语createdbythestudentstodeveloptheiridea作后置定语，修饰company。
“我们自己作为失眠的人，开始思考做些什么来消除失眠，”ericshashoua说。eric为应届大学毕业生，现任由学生们为发展自己的理念而创办的一家公司即axon睡眠研究实验室的首席执行官。
25、theheadbandequippedwithelectrodesandmicroprocessormeasurestheelectricalactivityofthewearer’sbrain,inmuchthesamewayassomemachinesusedformedicalandresearchpurposesandcommunicateswirelesslywithaclockunitnearthebed.（2006年6月）
本句为并列句。句子主干为theheadbandmeasurestheelectricalactivityandcommunicateswithaclockunit。过去分词短语equippedwithelectrodesandmicroprocessor作定语，修饰headband。inmuchthesameway…purposes是方式状语。usedfor…purposes是后置定语，修饰machines。
装有电极和微处理器的头带与应用于医学和研究目的的一些机器原理相近，测量佩戴者脑部电流活动并将信息通过无线网络传达给床边的闹钟。
26、ultimately,however,ourbasicdesignstrategyisfocusednotsimplyonbeing“lessbad”butoncreatingcompletelyhealthfulmaterialsthatcanbeeithersafelyreturnedtothesoilorreusedbyindustryagainandagain.（2006年6月）
本句为复合句。句子主干为ourbasicdesignstrategyisfocusednotonbeing“lessbad”butoncreatinghealthfulmaterials。that引导定语从句，修饰materials。however意为“然而”，是插入成分。not…but…意为“不是……而是……”，连接两个介词短语。either…or…意为“或者……或者……”，表示并列结构。
partiwriting(30minutes)
directions:forthispart,youareallowuldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.
________________________________________________________________________
partiilisteningcomprehension(30minutes)
sectionanewsreport
directions：inthissection,ndofeachnewsreport,ouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkeda)，b)，c)andd)。thenmarkthecorrespondingletteronanswersheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
1.a)thenumberofmalenurseshasgonedown.
b)thereisdiscriminationagainstmalenurses.
c)thereisagrowingshortageofmedicalpersonnel.
d)thenumberofnurseshasdroppedtoarecordlow.
2.a)workingconditions.
b)educationalsystem.
c)inadequatepay.
d)culturalbias.
questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
3.a)hefelloutofalifeboat.
b)hewasalmostdrowned.
c)helosthiswayonabeach.
d)heenjoyedswimminginthesea.
4.a)thelifeboatspatrolthearearoundtheclock.
b)thebeachisagoodplacetowatchthetide.
c)theemergencyservicesareefficient.
d)thebeachisapopulartouristresort.
questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.
5.a)itclimbed25storeysatonego.
b)itbrokeintoanofficeroom.
c)itescapedfromalocalzoo.
d)itbecameanonlinestar.
6.a)releaseitintothewild.
b)returnittoitsowner.
c)senditbacktothezoo.
d)giveitaphysicalcheckup.
7.a)aracooncanperformactsnohumancan.
b)aracooncanclimbmuchhigherthanacat.
c)theracoondidsomethingnopoliticiancould.
d)theraccoonbecameasfamousassomepoliticians.
sectionbconversation
directions：inthissection,tchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkeda)，b)，c)andd)。thenmarkthecorrespondingletteronanswersheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
8.a)shereceivedabonusunexpectedly.
b)shegotawell-payingjobinabank.
cshereceivedherfirstmonthlysalary.
d)shegotapayraiseforherperformance.
9.a)twodecadesago.
b)severalyearsago.
c)justlastmonth.
d)rightaftergraduation.
10.a)hesentasmallchecktohisparents.
b)hetreatedhisparentstoanicemeal.
c)hetookafewofhisfriendstoagym.
d)heimmediatelydepositeditinabank.
11.a)joinhercolleaguesforgymexercise.
b)visitherformeruniversitycampus.
c)buysomeprofessionalclothes.
d)budgethersalarycarefully.
questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
12.a)hehasjusttoomanythingstoattendto.
b)hehasbeenoverworkedrecently.
c)hehasadifficultdecisiontomake.
d)hehasjustquarreledwithhisgirlfriend.
13.a)turntohisgirlfriendforassistance.
b)giveprioritytothingsmoreurgent.
c)thinktwicebeforemakingthedecision.
d)seekadvicefromhisfamilyandadvisor.
14.a)hisgirlfrienddoesnotsupporthisdecision.
b)heisnotparticularlykeenonthejoboffered.
c)helacksthemoneyforhisdoctoralprogram.
d)hisparentsandadvisorhavedifferentopinions.
15.a)theyneedtimetomakepreparations.
b)theyhaventstartedtheircareersyet.
c)theyneedtosaveenoughmoneyforit.
d)theyhaventwontheirparentsapproval.
sectioncpassage
directions：inthissection,ndofeachpassage,ouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkeda)，b)，c)andd)。thenmarkthecorrespondingletteronanswersheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
16.a)expressingideasandopinionsfreely.
b)enrichingsocialandintellectuallives.
c)acquiringinformationandprofessionalknowledge.
d)usinginformationtounderstandandsolveproblems.
17.a)travelingtodifferentplacesintheworld.
b)playinggamesthatchallengeonesmind.
c)improvingmind-readingstrategies.
d)readingclassicscientificliterature.
18.a)participateindebatesordiscussions.
b)exposethemselvestodifferentcultures.
c)discardpersonalbiasesandprejudices.
d)giveothersfreedomtoexpressthemselves.
questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
19.a)whydogscanbefaithfulfriendsofhumans.
b)thenatureofrelationshipsbetweendogs.
c)thereasonagreatmanypeoplelovedogs.
d)howdogsfeelabouttheirbondswithhumans.
20.a)theybehavelikeotheranimalsinmanyways.
b)theyhaveanunusualsenseofresponsibility.
c)theycanrespondtohumansquestions.
d)theycanfallinlovejustlikehumans.
21.a)theystaywithonepartnerforlife.
b)theyhavetheirownjoysandsorrows.
c)theyexperiencetrueromanticlove.
d)theyhelphumansinvariousways.
questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
22.a)arareanimal.
b)ahistoricalsite.
c)acowbone.
d)apreciousstone.
23.a)datingit.
b)preservingit.
c)measuringit.
d)identifyingit.
24.a)thechannelneedstointerviewtheboy.
b)theboyshouldhavecalledanexpert.
c)theboysfamilyhadactedcorrectly.
d)thesiteshouldhavebeenprotected.
25.a)conductamoredetailedsearch.
b)asktheuniversitytorewardjude.
c)searchforsimilarfossilselsewhere.
d)seekadditionalfundsforthesearch.
partiiireadingcomprehension(40minutes)
sectiona
directions:inthissection,requiredtoselectonewordfomarkthecnotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
finally,reonaplanewithasickpassenger,the__26__ofanewstudythatlookedathowrespiratory（呼吸道）chersfoundthatonlypeoplewhowereseatedinthesamerowasapassengerwiththeflu,forexample--oronerowinerpassengershadonlyavery__28__chanceofgettingsick,eportshavenotnecessarilypresented__29ore,thesenewfindingsshouldhelpairplanepassengerstofeelless__30__tocatchingrespiratoryinfectionswhiletravelingbyair.
priortothenewstudy,littlewasknownabouttherisksofgetting__31__infectedbycommonrespiratoryviruses,suchasthefluorcommoncold,onanairplane,,to__32__therisksofinfection,earchersfoundthatpassengerssittingwithintwoseatson__34__sideofapersoninfectedwiththeflu,aswellasthosesittingonerowinfrontoforbehindthisinspanidual,dalessthan3percentchanceofcatchingtheflu.
a)accurate
b)conclusion
c)directly
d)either
e)evaluate
f)explorations
g)flights
h)largely
i)nearby
j)respond
k)slim
l)spread
m)summit
n)vividly
o)vulnerable
sectionb
directions:inthissection,atementcontainsinformationgiveninoneofththequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronanswersheet2.
isbreakfastreallythemostimportantmealoftheday
a)alongwitholdclassicslike"carrotsgiveyounightvision"and"santadoesntbringtoystomisbehavingchildren"，oneofthemostwell-wornphrasesoftireusgrowupbelievingthatskippingbreakfastisaseriousmistake,evenifonlytwothirdsofadultsintheukeatbreakfastregularly,accordingtothebritishdieteticassociation,andaroundthree-quartersofamericans.
b)"thebodyusesalotofenergystoresforgrowthandrepairthroughthenight,"explainsdietspecialistsarahelder."eatingabalancedbreakfasthelpstoupourenergy,aswellasmakeupforproteinandcalciumusedthroughoutthenight."butthereswidespreaddisagreementoverwhetherbreakfastshouldkeepitstopspotinthehierarchy（等级）avebeenconcernsaroundthesugarcontentofcerealandthefoodindustrysinvolvementinpro-breakfastresearch--andevenoneclaimfromanacademicthatbreakfastis"dangerous"。
c)whatstherealityisbreakfastanecessarystarttothedayoramarketingtacticbycerealcompaniesthemostresearchedaspectofbreakfast(andbreakfast-skipping)isstudythatanalysedthehealthdataof50,000peopleoversevenyears,researchersfoundthatthosewhomadebreakfastthelargestmealofthedayweremorelikelytohavealowerbodymassindex(bmi)earchersarguedthatbreakfasthelpsreducedailycalorieintakeandimprovethequalityofourdiet--sincebreakfastfoodsareoftenhigherinfibreandnutrients.
d)butaswithanystudyofthiskind,itwasunclearifthatwasthecause--orout,researchersdesignethesamenumberofcaloriesovertheday,buthalfhadbreakfast,eyfoundwasthatitwasntbreakfastitselfthatcausedtheparticipantstoloseweight:itwaschangingtheirnormalroutine.
e)ifbreakfastaloneisntaguaranteeofweightloss,whyistherealinkbetweenobesityandbreakfast-skippingalexandrajohnstone,professorofappetiteresearchattheuniversityofaberdeen,arguesthatitmaysimplybebecausebreakfast-skippershavebeenfoundtobelessknowledgeableaboutnutritionandhealth."therearealotofstudiesontherelationshipbetweenbreakfasteatingandpossiblehealthoutcomes,butthismaybebecausethosewhoeatbreakfastchoosetohabituallyhavehealth-enhancingbehaviourssuchasregularexerciseandnotsmoking,"shesays.
f)a2016reviewof10studieslookingintotherelationshipbetweenbreakfastandweightmanagementconcludedthereis"limitedevidence"supportingorrefuting（反驳）theargumentthatbreakfastinfluencesweightorfoodintake,andmoreevidenceisrequiredbeforebreakfastrecommendationscanbeusedtohelppreventobesity.
g)researchesfromtheuniversityofsurreyanduniversityofaberdeenarehalfwaythroughresearchlongbreakfasthasbeenassociatedwitha27%increasedriskofheartdisease,a21%higherriskoftype2diabetesinmen,anda20%sonmaybebreakfastsnutritionalvalue--partlybecausecerealisfortified（增加营养价值）tudyonthebreakfasthabitsof1,600youngpeopleintheuk,researchersfoundthatthefibravebeensimilarfindingsinaustralia,brazil,canadaandtheus.
h)breakfastisalsoassociatedwithimprovedbrainfunction,wof54studiesfoundthateatingbreakfastcanimprovememory,r,oneofthereviewsresearchers,marybethspitznagel,saysthereis"reasonable"evidencebreakfastdoesimproveconcentration--therejustneedstobemoreresearch."lookingatstudiesthattestedconcentration,thenumberofstudiesshowingabenefitwasexactlythesameasthenumberthatfoundnobenefit,"shesays."andnostudiesfoundthateatingbreakfastwasbadforconcentration."
i)whatsmostimportant,someargue,-proteinbreakfastshavebeenfoundparticularlyeffectiveinreducingthelongingforfoodandconsumptionlaterintheday,accordingtoresearchbytheauerealremainsafirmfavouriteamongbreakfastconsumersintheukandus,arecentinvestigationintothesugarcontentofadultbreakfastcerealsfoundthatsomecerealscontainmorethanthree-quartersoftherecommendeddailyamountoffreesugarsineachportion,andsugarwasthesecondorthirdhighestingredientincereals.
j)butsomeresearchsuggestsifweregoingtoeatsugaryfoods,dyrecruited200obeseadultstotakepartina16-week-longdiet,wherehalfaddeddesserttotheirbreakfast,hoaddeddessertlostanaverageof40poundsmore--however,wof54studiesfoundthatthereisnoconsensusyetonwhattypeofbreakfastishealthier,andconcludedthatthetypeofbreakfastdoesntmatterasmuchassimplyeatingsomething.
k)whiletheresnoconclusiveevidenceonexactlywhatweshouldbeeatingandwhen,theconsensusisthatweshouldlistentoourownbodiesandeatwhenwerehungry."breakfastismostimportantforpeoplewhoarehungrywhentheywakeup,"johnstonesays."eachbodystartsthedaydifferently--andthoseinspanidualdifferencesneedtoberesearchedmoreclosely,"spitznagelsays."abalancedbreakfastisreallyhelpful,butgettingregularmealsthroughoutthedayismoreimportanttoleavebloodsugarstablethroughtheday,whichhelpscontrolweightandhungerlevels,"sayselder."breakfastisnttheonlymealweshouldbegettingright."
ingtooneprofessor,obesityisrelatedtoalackofbasicawarenessofnutritionandhealth.
ientistsclaimthatpeopleshouldconsumetherightkindoffoodatbreakfast.
nsdifferastowhetherbreakfastisthemostimportantmealoftheday.
eenfoundthatnotcatingbreakfastisrelatedtotheincidenceofcertaindiseasesinsomecountries.
chersfounditwasachangeineatinghabitsratherthanbreakfastitselfthatinducedweightloss.
oneselfhealthy,eatingbreakfastismoreimportantthanchoosingwhattoeat.
delyconsideredwrongnottoeatbreakfast.
searchisneededtoprovethatbreakfastisrelatedtoweightlossorfoodintake.
ewhoprioritisebreakfaststendtohavelowercaloriebuthighernutritionalintake.
udiesrevealthateatingbreakfasthelpspeoplememoriseandconcentrate.
sectionc
directions:inthissection,epassageisreadforthefirsttime，epassageisreadforthesecondtime，yy，whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime，youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.
passageone
questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
textbooksrepresentan11billiondollarindustry,upfrom$okpublisherpearsonisthelargestpublisher--ofanykind--intheworld.
itcostsabout$mantextbookwillhavedozensofcontributors,fromsubject-matterexpertsthrokpublishersconnectprofessors,instructorsandstudentsinwaysthatalternatives,suchasopene-textbooksandopeneducationalresources,nnectionhappensnotonlybymeansofcollaborativedevelopment,reviewandtesting,butalsoatconferenceswherefacultyregularlydecideontheirtextbooksandcurriculaforthecomingyear.
itistruethattextbookpublishershaverecentlyreportedlosses,scanbechalkeduptotheexcessivelyhighcostoftheirbooks--whichhasincreasedover1,sdoesnotmeantheendofthetextbookitself.
whiletheymaynotbeasdynamicasanipad,mple,overthecenturies,theyhavesimulated（模拟）1800tothepresentday,textbookshavedonethisbyposingquestionsforstudentstoanswerinductively（归纳性地）。thatmeansstudentsareaskedtouspsychologytexts,forexample,ask:"howmuchofyourpersonalitydoyouthinkyouinherited"whileonesinphysicssay:"howcanyoupredictwheretheballyoutossedwillland"
expertsobservethat"textbookscomeinlayers,somethinglikeanonion."foranactivelearner,"customize"ghting,post-itnotes,dog-earsandothertechniquesallowforfurthercustomizationthatstudentsvalueinprintbooksoverdigitalformsofbooks.
esthepassagesayaboutopeneducationalresources
a)theycontributetoteachingasmuchastolearning.
b)theydontprofitasmuchastraditionaltextbooksdo.
c)theycantconnectprofessorsandstudentsastextbooksdo.
d)theycompetefercelyforcustomerswithtextbookproducers.
themaincauseofthepublisherslosses
a)failuretomeetstudentneed.
b)industryrestructuring.
c)emergenceofe-books.
d)fllingsales.
esthetextbookindustryneedtodo
a)reformitsstructures.
b)cutitsretailprices.
c)findreplacementsforprintedtextbooks.
d)changeitsbusinessstrategyperiodically.
estudentsexpectedtodointhelearningprocess
a)thinkcarefullybeforeansweringeachquestion.
b)askquestionsbasedontheirownunderstanding.
c)answerquestionsusingtheirpersonalexperience.
d)giveanswersshowingtheirrespectivepersonality.
expertssayaboutstudentsusingtextbooks
a)theycandigitalizetheprintseasily.
b)theycanleaminaninteractiveway.
c)theycanpurchasecustonizedversions.
d)theycanadaptthematerialthemselves.
passagetwo
questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
whenwethinkofanimalsandplants,wehaveaprettygoodwayofspanidingthemintotwodistinctgroups:onec,thosespanidinglinescomecrashingdownwiththediscoveryofaseaslug（海蛞蝓）ttyincrediblehowithasmanagedtohijackthegenesofthealgae（藻类）onwhichitfeeds.
theslugscanmanufacturechlorophyll,thegreenpigment（色素）inplantsthatcapturesenergyfromsunlight,mkleptoplastyisusedtodescrar,thisgreenseaslugistheonlyknownanimalthatcanbetrulyconsideredsolar-powered,ientistshavestudiedthegreenseaslugstoconfirmthattheyareactuallyabletocreateenergyfromsunlight.
infact,theslugsusetabiesretaintheabilitytoproducetheirownchlorophyll,thoughtheycantgenerateenergyfromsunlightuntiltheyveeatenenoughalgaetostealthenecessarygenes,whichtheycantyetproduceontheirown.
"theresnowayonearththatgenesfromanalgashouldworkinsideananimalcell,"sayssidneypiercefromtheuniversityofsouthflorida."andyethere,methinghappenstotheirfoodsource,theyhaveawayofnotstarvingtodeathuntiltheyfindmorealgaetoeat."
theseaslugsaresogoodatgatheringenergyftalltheirnutritionalneedsmetbythegenesthattheyvehijackedfromthealgae.
thedistinctivefeatureofaseaslug
a)itlookslikebothaplantandananimal.
b)itconvertssomeseaanimalsintoplants.
c)itliveshalfonanimalsandhalfonplants.
d)itgetsenergyfrombothfoodandsunlight.
ablestheseaslugtolivelikeaplant
a)thegenesitcapturesfromtheseaplantalgae.
b)themechanismbywhichitconservesenergy.
c)thenutrientsithjacksfromotherspecies.
d)thegreenpigmentitinberitsfromitsancestors.
estheauthorsayaboutbabyseaslugs
a)theycanlivewithoutsunlightforalongtime.
b)theycanabsorbsunlightrightaftertheirbirth.
c)theycansurvivewithoutalgacforquitesometime.
d)theycanproducechlorophylontheirown.
essidneypiercesayaboutgenesfomanalga
a)theyarestolenfromanimalsliketheseaslug.
b)theycantfunctionunlessexposedtosunlight.
c)theydontusuallyfunctioninsideanimalcells.
d)theycanreadilybeconvertedtoscasluggencs.
welearnaboutseaslugsfromthepassage
a)theybehavethewaymostplantspeciesdo.
b)theycansurviveformonthswithouteating.
c)theywillturnintoplantswhentheymature.
d)theywillstarvetodeathwithoutsunlight.
partivtranslation(30minutes)
directions:forthispart,uldwriteyouransweronanswersheet2.
四级真题参考答案（完整版）
partiwriting
dearmike,
howseverythinggoinglasttitingtorecommendaplacetoyou--theconfuciusinstitute,anestablishedlanguagecenteraimedtopromotechineselanguageandculture.
y,thischinesegovernment-fundededucationalinstituteisstaffedbythemostexperienced,professionalchineseteachers,turntothemwhenly,studentsthereareencouragedtotakepartinactivitiesrangingfrommakingtraditionalfoodtolearningclligraphy,s,ansyouarentaloneasabeginnerandwillprobablyforgedeepfriendshipswithotherlearmers.
lieveyoullfindyourselfhavingfunwhileimprovingyourchineseproficiency.
bestwishes,
lihua
partⅱlisteningcomprehension
1.a
2.d
3.b
4.c
5.d
6.a
7.c
8.c
9.a
10.b
11.a
12.c
13.d
14.d
15.b
16.d
17.b
18.a
19.b
20.d
21.a
22.c
23.b
24.c
25.a
partiiireadingcomprehension
26-35：blkaocegdh
36-45：eibgdjafch
46-55：cdacbdadcb
partivtranslation
otuncingtothetradition,,ingconditionsimprove,ngcouplestaketimetovisittheirparents,especiallyduringimportantfestivalssuchasthespringfestivalandthemid-autumnfestival.
directions:forthispart,youareallowed30minuldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.
1.a)manyfacilitiesweredestroyedbyawanderingcow.
b)awanderingcowknockeddownoneofitsfences.
c)sometouristswereinjuredbyawanderingcow.
d)awanderingcowwascapturedbythepolice.
2.a)itwasshottodeathbyapoliceofficer.
b)itfounditswaybacktotheparkszoo.
c)itbecameagreatattractionfortourists.
d)itwassenttotheanimalcontroldepartment.
3.a)itisthelargestofitskind.
b)itisgoingtobeexpanded.
c)itisdisplayingmorefossilspecimens.
d)itisstaringanonlineexhibition.
4.a)acollectionofbirdfossilsfromaustralia.
b)photographsofcertainrarefossilexhibits.
c)someancientwallpaintingsfromaustralia.
d)picturesbywinnersofawildlifephotocontest.
5.a)pickuptrash.
b)amusevisitors.
c)delivermessages.
d)playwithchildren.
6.a)theyareespeciallyintelligent.
b)theyarechildrensfavorite.
c)theyarequiteeasytotame.
d)theyarecleanandpretty.
7.a)childrenmaybeharmedbytherooks.
b)childrenmaybetemptedtodroplitter.
c)childrenmaycontractbirddiseases.
d)childrenmayoverfeedtherooks.
8.a)itwillbeproducedatharvarduniversity.
b)itwillbehostedbyfamousprofessors.
c)itwillcoverdifferentareasofscience.
d)itwillfocusonrecentscientificdiscoveries.
9.a)itwillbemorefuturistic.
b)itwillbemoresystematic.
c)itwillbemoreentertaining.
d)itwillbeeasiertounderstand.
10.a)peopleinterestedinscience.
b)youngsterseagertoexplore.
c)childrenintheirearlyteens.
d)studentsmajoringinscience.
11.a)offerprofessionaladvice.
b)providefinancialsupport.
c)helppromoteitontheinternet.
d)makeepisodesforitsfirstseason.
12.a)unsure.
b)helpless.
c)concerned.
d)dissatisfied.
13.a)heistooconcernedwithbeingperfect.
b)helosesheartwhenfacedwithsetbacks.
c)heistooambitiousinachievinggoals.
d)hetakesonprojectsbeyondhisability.
14.a)embarrassed.
b)unconcerned.
c)miserable.
d)resentful.
15.a)trytobeoptimisticwhateverhappens.
b)comparehispresentwithhispastonly.
c)alwayslearnfromothersachievements.
d)treatothersthewayhewouldbetreated.
16.a)theyhaveastrongersenseofsocialresponsibility.
b)theyaremorelikelytosucceedinthehumanities.
c)theyaremorelikelytobecomeengineers.
d)theyhavegreaterpotentialtobeleaders.
17.a)praisegirlswholiketospeakupfrequently.
b)encouragegirlstosolveproblemsontheirown.
c)insistthatboysandgirlsworktogethermore.
d)respondmorepositivelytoboyscomments.
18.a)offerpersonalizedteachingmaterials.
b)provideavarietyofoptionalcourses.
c)placegreatemphasisontestscores.
d)payextraattentiontotopstudents.
19.a)itoftenrainscatsanddogs.
b)itseldomrainsinsummertime.
c)itdoesnotrainasmuchaspeoplethink.
d)itisoneofthemostrainycitiesintheus.
20.a)theydrivemostofthetime.
b)therainisusuallyverylight.
c)theyhavegotusedtotherain.
d)theraincomesmostlyatnight.
21.a)ithasalotofplacesforentertainment.
b)ithasneverseenthunderandlighting.
c)ithasfewercloudydaysthananyothercoastalcity.
d)ithasmildweatherbothinsummerandinwinter.
22.a)itoccurswhenpeoplearedoingarepetitiveactivity.
b)itresultsfromexertingonesmusclescontinuously.
c)ithappenswhenpeopleengageinanuncommonactivity.
d)itcomesfromstainingonesmusclesinanunusualway.
23.a)bloodflowandbodyheatincreaseintheaffectedarea.
b)bodymovementsintheaffectedareabecomedifficult.
c)theybegintomakerepairsimmediately.
d)theygraduallybecomefragmented.
24.a)aboutoneweek.
b)abouttwodays.
c)abouttendays.
d)aboutfourweeks.
25.a)applymusclecreams.
b)drinkplentyofwater.
c)haveahotshower.
d)takepain-killers.
whentravellingoverseas,doyoubuywaterinplasticbottlesortakeyourchanceswithtapwaterisafethingtodo,rightthebottleis__27__,andthelabelsays"purewater"。oustillbedrinkingitifyouknewthatmorethan90percentofallbottledwatersoldaroundtheworld__29__microplastics
thatstheconclusionofarecently__30__study,whichanalysed259bottlesfrom11brandssoldinninecountries,icroplasticsincludeda__32__commonlyknownaspetandywasconductedatthestateuniversityofnewyorkonbehalfoforbmedia,millionbottlesareboughteveryminute,notonlybythirstytouristsbutalsobymanyofthe2.1billionworldwidewholivewithunsafedrinkingwater.
confrontedwiththis__34__,severalbottled-watermanufacturersincludingnetudiesshowedthattheirwaterdidcontainmicroplastics,less,theworldhealthorganisationhaslaunchedareviewintothe__35__healthrisksofdrinkingwaterfromplasticbottles.
a)adequate
b)admiring
c)contains
d)defending
e)evidence
f)instant
g)liquid
h)modified
i)natural
j)potential
k)released
l)revealing
m)sealed
n)solves
o)substance
makestuff,fail,andlearnwhileyoureatit
a)wevealwaysbeenahands-on,nklin,oneofamericasfoundingfathers,ationsincludeglasses,innovativestovesandmore.
b)franklin,whowaslargelyself-taught,mayhavebeenagenius,buthewasntreallyanexceptionwhenitcomestoamericanmakingandcreativity.
c)thepersonalcomputingrevolutionandphilosophyofdisruptiveinnovationofsiliconvalleygrew,inpart,outofthecreationsofthehomebrewcomputerclub,whichwasfoundedinagarageinmenlopark,california,s-includingguysnamedjobsandwozniak-startedmakingandinventingthingstheycouldntbuy.
d)soitsnosurprisethatthemakerisavailabletoordinarypeoplewhoarenttiedtobigcompanies,erphilosophyechoesoldideasadvocatedbyjohndewey,montessori,andevenancientgreekphilosophers,aswepointedoutrecently.
e)thesemakerspacesareoftenoutsideofclassrooms,ermovementisrediscoveringlearningbydoing,ediscoveringdeweyandmontessoriandalotofthepspaceisaplacewhichcanbeinaschool,acewhereyougettomakethingsbasedonyourinterestandonwhatyou,relearningtodo.
f)ideasaboutlearningbydoinghavestruggledtobecomemainstreameducationally,despitebeingoldconceptsfromdeweyandmontessori,platoandaristotle,andintheamericancontext,ralphemerson,n,inasense,goalistohavestandardizedapproachestolearning,whereeverybodylearnsthesamethingatthesametimeinthesameway,theworldoftesting.
g)learningbydoingmaynotbeefficient,t-r,ghthereisaconnection,ferenceliesinwhethertheprojectisinasenllgoingtolearnaboutx,y,ndstobeoneformofproject-basedlearning.
h)ireallybelievethecoreideaofmakingistohaveanideawithinyourhead—oryoujustborrowitfromsomeone—andbegintodevelopit,,restedinhowthesethingsareexpressionsofthatperson,theirideas,andtheirinteractionswiththeworld.
i)insomeways,alotofformsofmakinginschooltrivialize（使变得无足轻重）uaredonedemonstratingwhateverconceptwasinthe;textbook,youthrowawaythepipecleaners,thestraws,thecardboardtubes.
j)makingshouldbestudent-directedandstudent-led,etthembeincontrolandtodrivethecar.
k)teachersshouldaimtobuildasupportive,ocialenvironment,eyhaveaproblem,tbetheyhavetotalktootherstudentsintheclasstohelpgetananswer.
l)mes,topeople,reatingthisenvironment,yengagedaretheydevelopingandrepeatingtheirprojectaretheystumbling（受挫）？dotheyneedsomethingthattheydonthavecanyouhelpthembeawareofwheretheyare
m)mybeliefisthatthegoalofmakingisnottogeteverykidtobehands-on,theknowledgethatisvaluable;reprocessesthatyouaredevelopingsothatyouareable,overtime,totacklemoreinterestingproblems,morechallengingproblems-problemsthatrequiremanypeopleinsteadofoneperson,andmanyskillsinsteadofone.
n)ifteacherskeepitform-freeandstudent-led,amakerspaceismorelikealibraremstobemissinginschoolishowthesesubjectsintegrate,thansaying,"thisisscience,overhereishistory,"iseeschoolstakingthisideaofprojectsandlookingat:howdotheysupportchildreninhigherlevellearning
o)ifeellikethisisashiftawayfromasubjellinitsearlystages,butithinkitsshiftingaroundnotwhatkidslearnbuthowtheylearn.
spaceiswherepeoplemakethingsaccordingtotheirpersonalinterests.
chers,roleisenhancedinamakerspaceastheyhavetomonitorandfacilitateduringtheprocess.
upwithanideaofonesownorimprovingonefromothersiskeytotheconcep[]tofmaking.
tostructuredlearning,learningbydoingishighlyinspanidualized.
aisanationknownfortheideaofmakingthingsbyoneself.
willbeboringunlessstudentsareabletotakecharge.
canberelatedtoaproject,butitiscreatedandcarriedoutbystudentsthemselves.
horsuggestsincorporatingtheideaofamakerspaceintoaschoolcurriculum.
erconceptisamodernversionofsomeancientphilosophicalideas.
isnottakenseriouslyinschoolwhenstudentsareaskedtomakesomethingmeaninglesstothembasedontextbooks.
professorashokgoelofgeorgiatechdevelopedanartificiallyintelligentteachingassistanttohelphandletheenormousnumberofstudentquestionsintheonlineclass,linecourseisacorerequiresorgoelalreadyhadeightteachingassistants,butthatwasntenoughtodealwiththeoverwhelmingnumberofdailyquestionsfromstudents.
manyudentsfeelisolatedorconfusedandreachoutwithquestionsthatgounanswered,sorgoeldecidedtodosomethingtoremedythissituationandhissolutionwastocreateavirtualassistantnamedjillwatson,whichisbasedontheibmwatsonplatform.
goelandhisteamdevelopet,landhisteamsourcedtheonlinediscussionforumtofindallthe40,omeadjustmentsandsufficienttime,jillwasabletoanswerthestudentsquestionscorrectly97%tualassistantbecadents,whowerestudyingartificialintelligence,wereinteractingdentswereactuallyverypositiveabouttheexperience.
thegoalofprofessorgoelsvirtualassistantnextyearistotakeoveranswering40%ejillwatsonwill,ofcourse,sorgoelhasamuchrosieroutlookonthefutureofartificialintelligencethan,say,elonmusk,stephenhawking,billgatesorstevewozniak.
welearaboutknowledge-basedarificialitelligence
a)itisarobotthatcananswerstudentsquestions.
b)itisacoursedesignedforstudentstoleamnonline.
c)itisahigh-techdevicethatrevolutionizesteaching.
d)itisacomputerprogramthataidsstudentleaming.
oblemdidprofessorgoelmeetwith
a)hisstudentswereunsatisfiedwiththeassistants.
b)hiscoursewastoodifficultforthestudents.
c)studentsquestionsweretoomanytohandle.
d)toomanystudentsdroppedoutofhiscourse.
welearaboutjillwatson
a)sheturnedouttobeagreatsucess.
b)shegotalongprettywellwithstudents.
c)shewasunwelcometostudentsatfirst.
d)shewasreleasedonlineasanexperiment.
thestudentsfeelaboutjillwatson
a)theythoughtshewasabittooartificial.
b)theyfoundhernotascapableasexpected.
c)theycouldnotbutadmireherknowledge.
d)theycouldnottellherfromarealperson.
esprofessorgoelplantodonextwithjillwatson
a)launchdifferentversionsofheronline.
b)feedherwithnewquestionsandanswers.
c)assignhertoanswermoreofstudentsquestions.
d)encouragestudentstointeractwithhermorefreely.
thinkingsmall,beingengaging,reafewofthetraitsofsuccessfulsciencecrowdfundingingalargenetworkandsomepromotionalskillsmaybemorecrucial.
crowdfunding,raisingmoneyforaprojectthroughonlineappeals,hastakenoffinrecentyistshavetriedtotapinternetdonors,too,isedmorethantwicetheirgoals,butothershavefallenshortofreachingevenmodesttargets.
todeterminewhatseparatessciencecrowdfundingtriumphsfromfailures,ateamledbysciencecommunicationsscholarmikeschferoftheuniversityofzurichexaminedthecontentofthewebpagesfor371recentcampaigns.
fourtraitsstoodoutforthosethatachievedtheirgoals,,theyuseacrowdfundingplatformthatspecializesinraisingmoneyforscience,ghsiteslikekickstartertakeallcomers,ther,theypresenttheprojectwthemengagewithpotentialdonors,sijectsincludedinthestudyraised$4,000onaverage,with30%receivinglessthan$1,emoneyaprojectsought,thelowerthechanceitreacheditsgoal,theresearchersfound.
otherfactorsmayalsosignificantlyinfluenceaprojectssuccess,mostnotably,thesizeofascientistspersonalandprofessionalnetworks,undingcanbepartofresearcherseffortstoreachthepublic,andpeoplegivebecause"theyfeelaconnectiontotheperson"whoisdoingthefundraising—notnecessarilytothescience.
welearnaboutthescientiststryingtoraisemoneyonlinefortheirprojects
a)theydidnotraisemuchduetomodesttargets.
b)theymadeuseofmixedfundraisingstrategies.
c)notallofthemachievedtheiranticipatedgoals.
d)mostofthemputmoviesonlineforthepurpose.
thepurposeofmikeschafersresearchofrecentcrowdfundingcampaigns
a)tocreateatractivecontentforsciencewebsites.
b)toidentifyreasonsfortheirdifferentoutcomes.
c)tohelpscientiststolaunchinnovativeprojects.
d)toseparatescienceprojectsfromgeneralones.
aitcontributestothesuccessofacrowdfiundingcampaign
a)thepotentialbenefittofuturegenerations.
b)itsinteractionwithprospectivedonors.
c)itsoriginalityinaddressingfinancialissues.
d)thevalueoftheproposedproject.
dtheresearchersthinkofthefinancialtargetsofcrowdfundingprojects
a)theyshouldbesmalltobesucessful.
b)theyshouldbebasedonactualneeds.
c)theyshouldbeassedwithgreatcare.
d)theyshouldbeambitioustogainnotice.
tivatespeopletodonateinacrowdfundingcampaign
a)theeaseofaccesstothecontentofthewebpage.
b)theirdesiretocontributetothecauseofscience.
c)thesignificanceandinfluenceoftheprojectitself.
d)theirfeelingofconnectiontothescientiststhemselves.
partⅳtranslation(30minutes)
partⅰwriting
himark,
youmakeadecisionaboutyourprecisedestination,letmeintroducemyhometown,chongqing.
locatedinsouthwestchina,chongqingmaynotenjoyworldwidefameasmuchasbeijingorshanghai,gandlivinghere,alsareknownforbeingwarmandhospitable,re,teachingaforeignlanguageiceyouarealwayspraisedforyourkindnessandpatience,itshouldhardlybeanobstacleforyou.
anyway,iwillsupportandhelpyouasmuchaspossible,velivingandteachinginchinawillbeapleasantandmemorableexperienceforyou.
liming
1.d
5.a
7.b
9.c
10.a
11.b
12.d
13.a
14.c
16.c
17.d
19.c
20.b
21.d
22.d
23.a
24.b
25.c
26-35：bmicklogej
36-45：eicgkfbjdh
46-55：bcadccbbad
rentsholdthyaretheyperfectlywillingtoinvestintheirchildrenseducation,ochinasreformandopening-up,anincreasingnumberofparentscansendtheirchildrentostudyabroadorphtheseefforts,theyexpecttheirchildrengrowupstrongandhealthyandmakeacontributiontothenationsdevelopmentandprosperity.