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毕业以后的经历：例如老师
Tobehonest,Iamveryexcitedtobeheretointroducemyself.Cauz,actually,Igraduatedfromcpuasanundergraduatein2014fromEnglishmajor.So,Idon’tknowhowtoexpressmyfeelings,it’scomplicated.Iwanttotalkaboutthelifeaftermygraduation.Aftermygraduation,IwenttoamiddleschooltoteachEnglish,andafterabouthalfayear,Ifeelhopelessandaimless.Cauz,asweallknow,mostofthemiddleschoolteachersareabout30sor40s,theyareolderthanme,andIreallydon’tliketheirlifestyle.
SoIaskedmyselfifuwantlivelikethis,Imeanwatchingtvseriesorshoppingonlineintheofficeallday,orgossipingtokilltime.Uknow,ifuteachprimaryschool,urEnglishlevelorabilitymaybejustkeepasaprimaryschoolteacher,whileifuteachmiddleschoolEnglish,urEnglishlevelwillonlykeepasamiddleschoolteacher,soIdon’twantlivelikethis,ofcaus,middleschoolteachershaveastablesalary.Butmydreamlifestateinthefutureistobeafull-timeteacherinthesametimeapart-timetranslator.Therefore,Itookthepost-graduateentranceexamofmti,andluckilypassedthefirstroundandcameheretoday.AndIwillappreciateitifIhaveachancetobeadmittedagain.That’sallthnx.
Respectedprofessors,I’mveryhappytohavethisopportunitytoattendthisinterview.MynameisXX,XXismyEnglishname.I’m22yearsold.IwasbornandraisedinXX,thecapitalofXXprovince.WhenitcomestoLanzhou,PeoplewerealwaysremindedofLanzhoubeefnoodles.Actually,ontopofbeefnoodles,hereyoucantastevariouslocalflavors.Theyareverycheapanddelicious.What’smore,Lanzhouisabeautifulcity,withsplendidculturalheritageandrichmarveloussceneries.Inmyhometown,thefourseasonsarequietdistinct.Soit’sagoodchoiceasyourtouristdestinationandsummerresort.
Asforme,IwillgraduatefromTianjinforeignstudiesuniversityincomingJuly.Inmysparetime,IlovereadingbooksandlisteningEnglishaudiobooks,especiallyclassicalnovels,bothdomesticateandEnglishones.IamanemotionalandsensitivepersonthereforeIcouldeasilygetintotheatmospheredescribedinaliterarywork.Throughthisway,InotonlybroadenmyhorizonbutalsoimprovemyEnglishlisteningabilities.MyfavoritebookisTheGreatGatsby,WhichiswrittenbyFitzgerald,oneofthegreatestAmericanwriters.IlovethisbookbecauseitwaswidelyacknowledgedasafaithfulrecordoftheAmericansocietyin1920sandreflecttheauthor’struelifeandpersonality.
Asweallknow,XXuniversityenjoyshighreputationfromhomeandabroad.Iamdeeplyimpressedbytheacademicatmosphere,outstandingprofessorsandtalentedstudentshere.//Asweknow,aprofessionaltranslatororinterpretershouldbehighlyspecialized.Andthisschoolisfamousforitsscienceandengineeringachievements.Inmyfuture,Iwanttocombinethesespecializationswithmymajor,thereforegettobespecializedinaparticularinterpretationarea.
IfIhaveachancetostudyhere,Iwouldliketoacceptprofessionaltraining,puttheoreticknowledgeintorealtranslationtasks,inordertogetreadyforworkinginthefuture.//Ireallywanttostudyhereandgetagraduatedegreefromthisfamousuniversity.Studyherecanprovidegoodopportunities,broadenmyhorizonandimprovemyabilities.Soyousee,choosethisuniversitywillbenefitmeinmanyways.
1.好好上课
2.参加翻译项目，积累经验
3.参加有关翻译的考试
TheremustbemanythingstolearnifIgetenrolledintomytoppriorityuniversity.Firstofall,IwillfinishallmymajorcoursessothatIcanbuildupasolidfoundationoftranslationandinterpretation.Ontheotherhand,I’mdreamingofparticipatingsometranslationprograms,thiscanhelpmeaccumulatemorepracticalexperiences.Inaddition,Iexpecttopasssomequalificationtestsrelatedtomymajor,suchasCATTI,IELTESandshanghaiadvancedinterpretationcertificate.Allinall,Ishouldlearnskillsthatwillenablemefillaneedinsociety,onceIhavefinishedmypost-secondarystudies.Soduringmystudyperiod,Iwillturntranslationtheoryintoconcreteskillsbymyself.
1.有分析源语和目的语语言的技巧和经验
2.有文化差异的意识
3.终身学习的意识，要努力学习某一专业领域的知识（医学，科技，法律）
Frommyperspective,aprofessionaltranslatororinterpretershouldequipthefollowingqualities.Translationisnotjusttakingtextsandsubstitutingthemintootherlanguages.Firstthings,weshouldacquireskillsandexperiencesinanalyzingbothofthelanguagesandgettobeawareoftheculturaldifferencesbetweenthelanguages.Secondly,beingabletowritesmoothlyinbothsourceandtargetlanguagesisalsoimportant.Writingisinfactthemainjobofatranslator.Thirdly,professionaltranslatorsshouldbehighlyspecialized,thatmeans,translatorsshouldhavespecializedcompetenceinaparticulararea.Aprofessionaltranslatorrequiresabilitiesandskillsinmanylevels--bothtechnicalandpersonal,inordertobecomequalifiedtothesestandards,translatorshavetoworkveryhardformanyyearswithrelentlesseffortsandarigorousattitude.
提升自己的英语能力
Asweallknow,withtherapiddevelopmentofthedomesticeconomy,exchangesbetweenChinaandothereconomiesbecomemoreandmorefrequenteveryday.Variousinternationalconferencesarebeingheld,thusthetranslationmarketinChinabeginstohotup.Inmanybigcities,thedemandgapoftranslationindustryisbecominglargerinthetalentmarket.IthasbecomeasunriseindustryinChina.//Sowiththepromisingfutureoftranslationandinterpretation,studentsinmountingnumbersmakeuptheirmindtobeamemberofthisexcellentgroupandIamoneofthem.
Inaddition,translator’ssuccesswillbeinfluencednotonlybythedepthandqualityoftheoreticalknowledgetheyhavemasteredbutalsobytheirsuccessinapplyingthatknowledgeinapracticalway.//
Inthissense,MTIcanprovideanopportunitytome,turningtranslationtheoriesintopractice.WeallknowtranslatinganessaywouldbebasedonthemethodsIlearned.Thoughatranslatorcanknowallthetranslationstrategies,butuntilthatpersonapplytheminpractice,thesestrategiesremainuseless.
Lastbutnotleast,althoughsomestudentsmoveontopursuedoctoralstudies,mostMTIstudentsenterthejobmarketandgettotheendoftheirstudies.InmostMTIprograms,internshiporjobco-opopportunitieshavebeensetupfortranslationstudentsaspartoftheirstudies,andareoftenviewedasthemostvaluablepartofthecurriculum.SoMTIismoresuitableforme.
Thereareseveraldistinctionsbetweentranslationandinterpretation.
Firstandmostimportantofallistheobjectoftranslation:interpreterstranslateorally,whiletranslatorsdohisjobinwrittenform.Thesenaturesoftranslationandinterpretationdeterminetheirotherdistinctions.//
Forexample,interpretationisusuallyperformedinacommunicativesituation,whichrequiresspontaneousreactionanddeliveryofinformation.Thereishardlyanytimetoweighone’sprecisionorrhetoric.
Whiletranslationisthetexttotexttransition,thereisplentyoftimetoconsiderone’sexpression;thereforetheprecisionisoftoppriority.Andinliteraryworks,somerhetoricdemandsshouldalsobemet.
形式对等要求译文贴近原文的结构，这对翻译的准确性和正确性影响极大。最典型的类似翻译是“释译”（glosstranslations），最贴近原语结构，通常附以注释让读者对该原语文化的语言和习俗加深理解。
Dynamicequivalenceandformalequivalencearetwoapproachestotranslation.//Theformeraimstoconveythethoughtexpressedinasourcetextattheexpenseofliteralness，字义上；无修饰；表面意义上,originalwordorder,thesourcetext'sgrammaticalvoice,etc.,whilethelatterattemptstorenderthetextword-for-wordsometimesattheexpenseofnaturalexpressioninthetargetlanguage.//Thetwoapproachesrepresentemphases,respectively,onreadabilityandonliteralfidelity精确tothesourcetext.Thereis,however,inrealitynosharpboundarybetweendynamicandformalequivalence.Broadly,thetworepresentthespectrum频谱；范围oftranslationapproaches.
WheneverprinciplesorcriteriaoftranslationareunderdiscussioninChina,thecriteriaproposedbyYanFuwouldbementioned.Heestablishedathree-characterstandardintranslation,thatis,faithfulness,expressivenessandelegance.
Faithfulnessrequiresthatthemeaninginthetargetlanguageshouldbefaithfultothemeaningoftheoriginal;expressivenessistherequirementofintelligibilityofthetargetlanguagetext;thetranslatedtextshouldbeinaccordancewiththelanguagerulesofthetargetlanguage;elegancerequiresatranslationtobeaestheticallypleasing.
AsamilestoneinthehistoryofChinesetranslationtheory,YanFu’sstatementmarksanepochintranslationstudiesinChina.ItssignificanceanditsimpactonthedevelopmentofChinesetranslationtheoryfarexceedwhattheliteralsensesofthosethreecharacterscancover.
Andwhenitcomestomemyself,alearnerinthefirststage,Ihaveamoderatestandardofbeingfaithfulandsmoothatpresent.Beingfaithfulistoexpresstheoriginalideaoftheeauthorloyally;whilebeingsmoothistoexpresstheauthor’sideasintotargetlanguagewithoutanydiscord.
DomesticatingtranslationandforeignizingtranslationaretwotermsusedbyVenutitodescribetwodifferenttranslationstrategies.//Domesticatingtranslationreferstothetranslationstrategyinwhichatransparent,fluentstyleisadoptedinordertominimizethestrangenessoftheforeigntextfortarget-languagereaders;whereasforeignizingtranslationreferstothetypeoftranslationstrategyinwhichatargettextisproducedanddeliberatelybreakstargetconventionsbyretainingsomethingofforeignnessoftheoriginaltext.
SusanBassnettinherbookTranslationStudieshasestablishedtheideaofequivalence:Equivalenceintranslationshouldnotbeapproachedasasearchforsameness,sincesamenesscannotevenexistbetweentwoTLversionsofthesametext,letalonebetweentheSLandTLversion.Forexample,ifequivalenceisasearchforsameness,theEnglishsentence“Everydoghasitsday”shouldberenderedas“每条狗都有它的日子”inChinese.TheChinesereaderswillbeconfusedandtheoriginalmeaningcannotbeattained,either.(凡人都有得意日；风水轮流转)
Q11:从大学翻译课程里学到了什么
1.BritishandAmericanliteraturecanminimizetheculturaldifferences,knowmoreaboutwritingstyleandskills.
2.Foundationcoursesllearnedsuchasshadowingshadowing,retelling,logicreconstructing,mentalmodelingandbuildinguplong-termmemory,thisskillsmakemegetabetterunderstandingofEnglishlanguage.
3.TranslationTheorycourseacquiresbasictranslatingtheories.
4.Practicalcurriculumletmeturntheoryintorealtranslating.
Duringthesummerholidayofmysecondyearincollege,IhadtakenaninternshipjobasatranslatorinThermoFisherScientificCompany.Ifinditwasalittlebitchallenging,butIlikeditsinceImadeuseofwhatIlearned.SoaftergraduationI’dliketodosometranslatingorinterpretingworks.IhopetomaketheEnglishlanguageaccessibletothosewhoareunabletomanageitaswellasme.
英汉翻译教程新说武峰著
1.基本的翻译技巧
2.翻译的例子
ConferenceinterpretingexplainedwhichiswrittenbyRoderickjones.Itisaverybasicintroductiontothefundamentaltechniquesofconferenceinterpretation.Ontheotherhand,itisveryusefulandpractical.Ihavetriedseveraltechniquessuchaslogicreconstructingandreadjustmentofwordorder,andfoundthemworkedamazinglywell.
1.SelectedModernChineseEssaysbyZhangPeiji,I’vefinisheditsvolume1andpartofitsvolume2.
2.TranslationTerminology
3.EnglishVarietiesandTranslation,ThebasicsofTranslationbyLiumiqing刘宓庆《文体与翻译》
4.ATextbookofTranslation,PeterNewmark.
1.TheUnbearableLightnessofBeing,MilanKundera
(Czech-bornFrenchwriter//IwatchedthemovieTheunbearableLightnessofBeingwhichwasadaptedfromhisbookandstarttosearchforhisotherbooks.//theclearmetaphoristhemostsignificantartcharacteristicsinKundera’sworks//hisnovelclearlyepitomizedthetragicdivisioncentralEuropefromtherestofthecontinent)
2.OneHundredYearsofSolitude,GabrielGarciaMarquez
(ThisbookisthemasterpieceofMarquez,aLatinAmericanmagicrealistwriters,ittellsthestoryoftheriseandfall,birthanddeathofamythicaltownnamedMacondothroughthehistoryofBuendiafamily.IthasanimmerseinfluenceoncontemporaryChineseliterature.)
3.TheCatcherintheRye,Salinger
(Somepeoplesaidthatthisbookisacoming-of-agenovel,requiredreadingforeverytroubledadolescent,thenovelelaboratesindetailtheentireprocessofthespiritbreakofHolden,a16yearsoldteenager.Thisbookhasspecialmeaningforme,becauseIreaditwhenIwasyoung16orso.)
4.TheMuslim'sfuneral,Huoda//Religiouscustoms
5.Bailuplain,Chenzhongshirevealauthor’sdeepfeelingtoChinesevillage,farmers,nationality,folkculture.
InItalythereisasaying:translatorsaretraitors.Sometimesatranslatorcannotkeephisfidelityintheprocessofhistranslation.Hedoesnotmeantobetraytheauthorortheoriginalwork,buthehasto.Forexample,therearemanytaboosintheplayRomeoandJuliet.WhenZhuShenghaoandLiangShiqiuweretranslatingthisplay,theyuseddifferentmethodsaccordingtotheirownpurposes.LiangshiqiuaimedatpresentingtothereaderswhatShakespearereallytalksabout.Sothetaboosarealmostdirectlyrendered.Zhushenghao,ontheotherhand,madethetranslationoutofloveforhismotherland,China.HeindirectlyrenderedtaboosandusedlanguagesacceptableandreadabletoChinesereaders.
朱生豪：意译;梁实秋：直译
ItissafetosayinasensethatZhuadoptedfreetranslationmethodwhileLiangadoptedliteraltranslationmethod.
Translationisnotonlyalinguistictransitionfromonetoanotherbutalsoamediumoftheinterculturalcommunication.Culturalandlinguisticfactorsarebothinvolvedintheprocessoftranslation.
SusanBassnettinherbookTranslationStudiescommentedonequivalence:Equivalenceintranslation,then,shouldnotbeapproachedasasearchforsameness,sincesamenesscannotevenexistbetweentwoTLversionsofthesametext,letalonebetweentheSLandTLversion.Eg:ifequivalenceisasearchforsameness,theEnglishsentence“Everydoghasitsday”shouldberenderedas“每条狗都有它的日子”inChinese.TheChinesereaderswillbeconfusedandtheoriginalmeaningcannotbeattained,either.(凡人都有得意日；风水轮流转)
Thoughitisgenerallyacknowledgedthattranslationisafeasibleandpracticaltask,therestillexistsomelanguagepointswhichareimpossibletotranslate,whicharecalledthephenomenonofuntranslatability.Catfordclassifieduntranslatabilityintotwocategories,oneislinguisticuntranslatabilityandtheotherisculturaluntranslatability.
Ithinktheonlywaytoimprovethisabilityistodomassivereading.ReadtheoriginalworksinEnglishandinChinese,andthetranslatedversions.Thecomparisonoftheseworkswillilluminatethewayformetotranslatemyworks,especiallywhenItranslatetheworksofsamenature.
Ihavelearnedsometranslatingskillsduringmycollegeyears,butIintendtoimprovemyabilityatahigherlevelofeducation.SoIcamehere.Theteachersatmycollegearenodoubtcompetent,buttheacademicatmosphereisnotasgoodasitishereinXXUniversity.
Translationisbeyondthemechanicalprocessofwordtransitionfromonelanguagetoanother.Thetranslatorisexpressinghisownunderstandingofthesourcelanguageintargetlanguage.Theunderstandingisnodoubtpersonalorevenbiased,asitinvolvesthepersonalintelligenceofthetranslator.Sothesayingisnotright.
Ontheonehand,I’mdiligent,patientandresponsible.Itisinevitablethatwewillencountervariousdifficultiesintranslation,whichrequiresbothpatienceandastronghearttoconquerthem.Ontheotherhand,I’mhighlyenergeticandcooperative.I’vesigneduplotsofvoluntaryworkatschoolinthepastfewyears.AndI’vealwaysfoundmyselfongoodtermswithpeopleIgetalongwith.
MyshortcomingisthatsometimesI’mtoodecisivetodosomething.Iwilldefinitelyholdontoitandnevergiveup.SosomepeoplemayfeelI’malitterstubborn.
AfterIacquiredthebasictranslatingknowledgefromcollege,IdidsometranslationjobforThermoFisherScientificandHuangFumiMedicalCompany.InThermoFisherItranslatedsomeoperatingmanuals,inmineralfield.andinHuangFumimyenergymostlyfocusesonthetranslationofpropagationbrochuresandleaflets.
(HuangenjoysequalpopularitywithConfuciusandBianQue.Huangisamasterofacupunctureinthemedicalfield,knownastheoriginator.)
1.传递文化
2.传递译者的价值观
Translationisaprocessofcomprehension,transitionandreformulationofideasthanatransformationofmerewords.Translationoccursbetweentwolanguages,wheredifferentiationexists.So,translationisalsoaboutinter-culturalcommunication.Asamatteroffact,translationisaprocessinwhichthesourcecultureispresentedtoaforeignworld.Inaddition,translationisalsothetranslator’spersonalvalueswillbereflectedinthetranslatedworks.
ZhuShenghaoisfamousforhisrigoroustranslatingattitude,soIappreciatehimmorethananyoneelse.Histranslationhasdistinctpoeticfeaturesandmusicalsense.Theoralstylemakestheversionmorefluentandpopular.Butsomevulgarlanguagesarepurified.Hepursuedtheambitiontorejuvenatetheoriginalideasofhistranslatingworks.Andbesidesbeingauthentic,hismanipulationofChineselanguageissooutstandingthathistranslationofTheCompleteWorksofShakespearehasbeenoneofthebestversionsofalltime.
1.有终身学习的意识，善于积累philosophylifelonglearning
goodataccumulatingnewknowlege
2.有毅力Iamamanofperseverance
Firstofall,I’manopenmindedperson.Icanacceptandunderstandtheideasofotherpeoplequiteeasily,andinmyopinionunderstandingtheEnglishlanguageisbutacollectiveconsciousnessofEnglishspeakingpeople.Inthisway,Icanunderstanditeasily.
SecondlyI’mdiligent.Translationisbeyondunderstandingtwolanguages.Wealsoneedtocontinuallybuildupconnectionsbetweenthem.Thisisajobrequirestirelessaccumulation,andluckilyI’muptoit.
1.翻译的基础知识
2.掌握翻译理论
3.积累翻译实践能力
Duringmyschoolyearshere,Ihopeofcourse,tomaturemytranslatingskills.Translationtheoriesarebeyondanydoubtthebasicsandplentyoftranslationpractice,ifpossible.AfterallwhatmattersmostisnothowmanytheoriesIhavelearnedthatmatters,whatmattersmostistheabilitytodeliverideasbetweenpeoplefromdifferentcultures.
1.文化差异
2.专业词汇，专业知识
Whentranslatinganessay,sometimes,IfindthatIcan’tfindanexactcorrespondencefromsource-languagetotarget-language.Thelinguisticuntranslatabilityoccurswhentargetlanguageoffersnoequivalencelanguagefeaturestothesourcelanguage.Manylanguagefeaturescancausethisphenomenon,suchasthehomophone,thehomonym,punsandsoon.Takepunsasanexample.Hereisasentence,Mr.HooliganismorethanahooliganandMr.Foxismorethanafox.Thetwofamilynamesserveaspunforhooliganandfox,butwhentranslatedinChinese,thehiddenmeaningislost.Itisagreedtomanythatlinguisticuntranslatabilitycannotbesolved.Andinmypersonalexperience,Ifindthatmyworkisfrequentlyobstructedbynotbeingfamiliarwithmytranslatingfield.Forexample,Ifindithardtotranslateessaysofnaturalscienceduetomylackofknowledgeinthatfield.
IbelieveI’mqualifiedasapostgraduateforyourMTIprogram.First,I’vespentmuchtimeonstudyingtranslationandpassedthepostgraduateentranceexamtotestifytheresultsofmystudy.Justasthesayinggoes,Nopain,nogain.IthinkI’veearnedtheopportunitytobehere,I’mabletocontinuemypostgraduatestudy.
Ofcourse,therestillisalongwaytogoinmypursuitoftranslationstudies.Thecombinationofthetranslationtheoryandbasicsofknowledgewiththepracticeisofvitalimportance.Thoughitischallengingandtoughformeatpresent,I’mconfidentIcangraduallyimprovemyskillsandbecomeagoodinterpreterthroughrelentlesseffortsandofcourseunderateacher’sguidance.
Chineseisanon-inflectionallanguage,whileEnglishisaninflectional变化的；词尾变化的language.
ThemostimportantdifferencebetweenChineseandEnglishisparataxis(意合)andhypotaxis(形合).Incomparison,ChinesehaslessgrammerthanEnglish.Chinesemainlydependsonitscharacterstorealizeitsgrammaticalfunctions.Thereisnoaffix,whileEnglishgrammardependsonthechangesofthewordstoexpressdifferentgrammaticalmeanings.//ChinesefocusesonthemeaningwhileEnglishemphasizesonthestructure.InChinese,asentenceisusuallyshortwithlittlemodifierwhileinEnglishseveralmeaningscanbeexpressedwithcomplicatedstructureinjustonesentence.
Justastheorycomesfrompractice,translationtheoryoriginatesfromtranslationpracticeaswell.Ontheonehand,translationtheoryarisesfromtheproblemsoftranslationpractice,fromtheneedtoreflect.Ontheotherhand,translationtheorycanbeusedasaguideforevaluationandappreciationofthetranslationworksothatitcanpromotethedevelopmentofthetranslationpractice.Andasaqualifiedtranslator,oneshouldcombinebothtranslationtheoryandtranslationpracticeproperly.