下面共有l5个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择l个与划线部分意义相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1、Heblendedthesecolortogethertopaintthewall.
A.mixedB.made(环球网校2016年职称英语考试考前模拟试题之综合类B级)
C.cooked
D.eaten
2、Theyfinallymodifytheirresearchplan.
A.clarify
B.change
C.define
D.develop
3、TheeconomycontinuedtoexhibittendencyofdeclineinSeptember.
A.play
B.send
C.show
D.tell
4、AremarkablyshortmanplaysbasketballwithhischildreneverySaturday.
A.practically
B.considerably
C.wonderfully
D.completely
5、Thedentisthasdecidedtoextractherbadtooth.
A.takeout
B.takein
C.takeoff
D.takeup
6、Itisabsurdtopredictthatthesunwillnotrisetomorrow.
A.ridiculous(环球网校2016年职称英语考试考前模拟试题之综合类B级)
B.funny
C.odd
D.foolish
7、Alotofpeoplecouldfallillafterdrinkingcontaminatedwater.
A.muddied
B.polluted
C.mixed
D.troubled
8、Theroomisgloomybuttidy.
A.tiny
B.pleasant
C.dark
D.agreeable
9、Theindexisthegovernment'schiefgaugeoffutureeconomicactivity
A.measure
B.opinion
C.evaluation
D.decision
10、It'sprudenttostartanyexerciseprogramgraduallyatfirst.
A.workable
B.sensible
C.possible
D.feasible
11、Heisrenownedforhisperfectperformaceinthemovie.
A.remembered
B.praised
C.recommended
D.well-known
12、Youhavetobepatientifyouwanttosustainyourposition.
A.maintain
B.establish
C.acquire
D.support
13、Shestaredathissonandshakedwithanger.
A.jumped
B.cried
C.swayed
D.trembled
14、Medicalfacilitiesarebeingupgraded.
A.renewed
B.repaired
C.improved
D.increased
15、wearesotiredafteroneworkonthisprogram.
A.gloomy
B.ugly
C.silly
D.exhausted
第2部分：阅读判断
根据短文内容，对16-23做出判断
TakingPicturesoftheWorld
MeetAnnieGriffithsBelt,aNationalGeographicphotographer.BelthasworkedforNationalGeographicsince1978,andhastakenpicturesonalmosteverycontinentintheworld.Infact,AntarcticaistheonlycontinentBelthasn'tseenyet.
Belt'sphotographsarewellknownfortheirbeautyandhighquality.Theyalsoreflectverydifferentculturesandregionsoftheworld..BelthasphotographedtheancientcityofPetra,Jordan,aswellasthegreenlandscapesoftheLakeDistrictinEngland.Recently,herpicturesappearedinabookaboutundevelopednaturalplacesinNorthAmerica.
EverywherethatBeltgoes,shetakespicturesofpeople.Belthasfoundwaystoconnectwithpeopleofallagesandnationalitiesevenwhenshedoesnotspeaktheirlanguage."Thegreatestprivilegeofmyjobisbeingallowedintopeople'slives,"shehassaid."Thecameraislikeapassport,andIamoftenoverwhelmedbyhowquicklypeoplewelcomeme!"
KnowinghowtobreaktheicehashelpedtomakeBeltasuccessfulphotographer,butexpertssaythatanyonecanlearntoconnectwithnewpeople.Whenpeoplespeakthesamelanguage,greetingandsmalltalkcanmakestrangersfeelmorecomfortablewitheachother.Whenpeopledon'tspeakthesamelanguage,asmileisveryhelpful.Havingsomethingincommoncanalsohelpbreaktheice.Forexample,Belthastraveledwithhertwochildren,sowhenshetakespicturesofchildrenortheirparents,theyallhavethatfamilyconnectionincommon.Evenbadweathercanhelppeopletoconnectwhentheyareexperiencingittogether.
Belthassomeadviceifyouarethinkingaboutacareerinphotography.Youcanvolunteertotakepicturesforalocalorganizationthatcan'taffordtohireaprofessionalphotographer.Youcanalsotakeagood,honestlookatyourbestphotographs.Ifyou'rearealphotographer,yourphotosaregoodbecauseofyourpersonalandtechnicalskills.Beltalsorecommendsstudyingandlearningfromphotostakenbyprofessionalphotographers.
Remember,thenexttimeyoulookasabeautifulphotograph,youmightbelookingattheworkofAnnieGriffithsBelt.Andthenexttimeyoumeetanewperson,don'tbeafraidtobreaktheice,theconnectionyoumakecouldbeveryrewarding.
16、BelthasnevertraveledtoEngland.
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
17、Belthaswonalotofawardsforherwonderfulphotographs.
18、PetraisaveryoldcityinJordan.
19、Belthasworkedforanumberofmagazines.
20、BeltcanonlyconnectwithEnglish-speakers.
21、Peoplecanconnectwitheachotherinbadweather.
A.Right(环球网校2016年职称英语考试考前模拟试题之综合类B级)
22、Volunteeringisonewaytobeginaphotographycareer.
第3部分：概括大意
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23—26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2，3，5和6段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第27—30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
StanfordUniversity
1.StanfordUniversity,famousasoneofnorthernCalifornia'sseveralinstitutionsofhigherlearning,issometimescalled"theHarvardoftheWest".TheclosenessofStanfordtoSanFrancisco,acitythirty-twomilestothenorth,givestheuniversityadecidedlycosmopolitan(世界性的)flavor.
2.ThestudentsareenrolledmainlyfromthewesternUnitedStates.ButmostofthefiftystatessendstudentstoStanford,andmanyforeignstudentsstudyhere,aswell.Andstandardsforadmissionremainhigh.Youngmenandwomenareselectedtoentertheuniversityfromtheupperfifteenpercentoftheirhighschoolclasses.
3.Notonlybecauseofthehighcaliber(素质)ofitsstudentsbutalsobecauseofthedesirablelocationandclimate,Stanfordhasattractedtoitsfacultysomeoftheworld'smostrespectedscholars.TheuniversitystaffhasincludedmanyNobelprizewinnerssuchasDr.FelixBloch,Dr.RobertHofstadter,andDr.WilliamShockleyinphysics,Dr.AuthorKornbergandDr.JoshuaLederberginmedicine,andDr.PaulJ.FloryandDr.LinusPaulinginchemistry.TheRussiannovelistAleksandrSolzhenistsynhasbeeninresidence.Stanford'sundergraduateschoolofengineeringanditsgraduateschoolsofbusiness,law,andmedicineareespeciallywell-regarded.
4.Whatisstudentlifelikeon"TheFarm"Culturally,thecampusisamagnetforbothstudentsandcitizensofnearbycommunities.Plays,concerts,andoperasareperformedintheuniversity'sseveralauditoriumsandinitsoutdoortheater,wheregraduationsarealsoheld.Severalfilmseriesarepresentedduringtheschoolyear.Guestlecturersfrompublicandacademiclifefrequentlyappearoncampus.Intheevenings,manystudentsgathertosocializeintheStudentUnion'scoffeehouse;herethebeverages(饮料)andtheatmospherebothhaveadecidedlyEuropeanflavor.Forthesports-minded,theStanfordcampusoffershighlydevelopedathleticfacilities.Teamspots,swimming,andtrackandfieldactivityareallverymuchpartoftheStanfordpicture.Soarebicyclingandjogging.
5.Inadditiontofinancialsupportfromalumni(校友),Stanfordreceivesgrantsfromthegovernmentandfromprivatephilanthropic(慈善的)foundations.Inrecentyears,governmentgrantshavemadepossibleadvancedstudiesinthefieldsofhistory,psychology,education,andatomicenergy.AtpresentStanfordiscarryingoutanambitiousbuildingprogram,financedinpartbytheFordFoundation's25milliongrant.Recentlyaddedtothecampusareanewphysicsbuilding,newschoolofbusiness,newgraduateschooloflaw,newstudentunion,andundergraduatelibrary.
23、Paragraph2____
A.ColorfulLifeonCampus
B.IntelligentStudentBody
C.SchoolAdministration
D.DistinguishedFaculty
E.SubstantialFinancialSupport(环球网校2016年职称英语考试考前模拟试题之综合类B级)
F.heHarvardOftheWest
24、Paragraph3____
E.SubstantialFinancialSupport
25、Paragraph4____
26、Paragraph5____
27、ThosehighschoolgraduateswhocanenterStanfordUniversity____
A.theycanfindthebeststudents
B.theuniversity’sacademicadvancementandphysicalextension
C.someofthemostdistinguishedscholars
D.whereasportsmeetiSheldeveryyear
E.musthavebeenthetopstudent’sintheirclasses
F.mustbehardworking
28、Manyprofessorsliketoteachinthisuniversitypartlybecausehere____
29、Onthefacultyoftheuniversitythereare____
30、Financialsupportfrombothprivateorganizationsandthegovernmenthasmadepossible____
第4部分：阅读理解
根据材料，回答31-36问题
第一篇
WhenourEyesServeourStomach
Oursensesaren'tjustdeliveringastrictviewofwhat'sgoingonintheword;they'reaffectedbywhat'sgoingoninourheads.Anewstudyfindsthathungrypeopleseefood-relatedwordsmoreclearlythanpeoplewho'vejusteaten.
Psychologistshaveknownfordecadesthatwhat'sgoingon,insideourheadaffectsoursenses.Forexample,poorerchildrenthinkcoinsarelargerthantheyare,andhungrypeoplethinkpicturesoffoodarebrighter,RemiRadelofUniversityofNiceSopbia-Antipolis,France,wantedtoinvestigatehowthishappens.Doesithappenrightawayasthebrainreceivessignalsfromtheeyesoralittlelaterasthebrain'shigh-levelthinkingprocessesgetinvolved
Radelrecruited42studentswithanormalbodymassindex.Onthedayofhisorherrest,eachstudentwastoldtoarriveatthelabatnoonafterthreeorfourhoursofnoteating.Thentheyweretoldtherewasadelay.Someweretoldtocomebackin10minutes;othersweregivenanhourtogetlunchfirst.Sohalfthestudentswerehungrywhentheydidtheexperimentandtheotherhalfhadjusteaten.
Fortheexperiment,theparticipantlookedatacomputerscreen.Onebyone,80wordsflashedonthescreenforabout1/300thofasecondeach.Theyflashedatsosmallasizethatthestudentscouldonlyconsciouslyperceive.Aquarterofthewordswerefood-related.Aftereachword,eachpersonwasaskedhowbrightthewordwasandaskedtochoosewhichoftwowordsthey'dseenafood-relatedwordlikecakeoraneutralwordlikeboat.Eachwordappearedtoobrieflyfortheparticipanttoreallyreadit.
Hungrypeoplesawthefood-relatedwordsasbrighterandwerebetteratidentifyingfood-relatedwords.Becausethewordappearedtooquicklyforthemtobereliablyseen,thismeansthatthedifferenceisinperceptionnotinthinkingprocesses,Adelsays.(环球网校2016年职称英语考试考前模拟试题之综合类B级)
"Thisissomethinggreattome,Humanscanreallyperceivewhattheyneedorwhattheystrivefor.Fromtheexperiment,Iknowthatourbraincanreallybeatthedisposalofourmotivesandneeds,"Radelsays.
31、WhatdoesthenewstudymentionedinParagraph1find____
A.Hungrypeopleseeeverywordmoreclearlythanordinarypeople.
B.Hungrypeoplearealwaysthinkingoffood-relatedwords.
C.Hungrypeoplearemoresensitivetofood-relatedwordsthanstomach-fullpeople.
D.Hungrypeopledonothavelower-levelofthinkingprocess.
32、Whathavepsychologistsknownforalongtime____
A.Poorerchildrenthinkcoinsarelargerthantheyare.
B.Hungrypeoplethinkpicturesoffoodarebrighter.
C.Hungrypeopleseefood-relatedwordsmoreclearly.
D.Whatwethinkinsideourheadaffectswhatwesense.
33、Whywasthereadelayonthedayoftheexperiment____
A.Becausehungrypeopleneededtimetofilltheirstomach.
B.BecauseRadelwantedtocreatetwogroupsoftestees,hungryandnon-hungry.
C.Becausenoonwasnottherighttimeforanyexperiment.
D.BecauseRadelneededtimetoselectparticipantsintermsofbodymassindex.
34、Whatdidtheresultsoftheexperimentindicate____
A.80wordsflashedonthescreentoofastfortheparticipanttointentionallyperceive.
B.Hungrypeoplewerebetteratidentifyingneutralwords.
C.Peoplewhohadjusteatenwerebetteratidentifyingfood-relatedwords.
D.Theparticipantscouldbarelyperceivewhattheyneededorwhattheystrivedfor.
35、Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellus____
A.Human'ssensesaren'tjustdeliveringastrictviewofwhat'sgoingonintheworld.
B.What'sperceivedbyoursensesaffectsonrwayofthinking.
C.Humanbrainscanreallybeatthedisposalofourmotivesandneeds.
D.Thinkingprocessesguaranteethenormalfunctionsofoursenses.
根据材料，回答36-41问题
第二篇
MusicalRobotCompanionEnhancesListenerExperience
Shimi,amusicalcompaniondevelopedbyGeorgiaTech'sCenterforMusicTechnology,recommendssongs,dancestothebeatandkeepsthemusicpumpingbasedonlistenerfeedback.Thesmartphone-enabled(智能手机支持的),one-foot-tallrobotisbilledasaninteractive"musicalfriend".
"Shimiisdesignedtochangethewaythatpeopleenjoyandthinkabouttheirmusic,"saidProfessorGilWeinberg,therobot'screator.HewillunveiltherobotattheJune27thGoogleI/OconferenceinSanFrancisco.AbandofthreeShimirobotswillperformforguests,dancinginsyncwithmusiccreatedinthelabandcomposedaccordingtoitsmovements.
Shimiisessentiallyadockingstationwitha"brain"poweredbyanAndroidphone.Oncedockedtherobotgainsthesensingandmusicalgenerationcapabilitiesoftheuser'smobiledevice.Inotherwords,ifthere'san"app"forthat,Shimiisready.Forinstance,byusingthephone'scameraandface-detectingsoftware,Shimicanfollowalisteneraroundtheroomandpositionits"ears",orspeakers,foroptimalsound.Anotherrecognitionfeatureisbasedonrhythmandtempo.Iftheusertapsabeat,Shimianalyzesit,scansthephone'smusicallibraryandimmediatelyplaysthesongthatbestmatchesthesuggestions.Oncethemusicstarts,Shimidancestotherhythm.
"Manypeoplethinkthatrobotsarelimitedbytheirprogramminginstructions,"saidMusicTechnologyPh.
D.candidateMasonBretan,"Shimishowsusthatrobotscanbecreativeandinteractive."FutureappsintheworkswillallowtheusertoshaketheirheadindisagreementorwaveahandintheairtoalertShimitoskiptothenextsongorincrease/decreasethevolume.Therobotwillalsohavethecapabilitytorecommendnewmusicbasedontheuser'ssongchoicesandprovidefeedbackonthemusicplaylist.
WeinberghopesotherdeveloperswillbeinspiredtocreatemoreappstoexpandShimi'screactiveandinteractivecapabilities."Ibelievethatourcenterisaheadofarevolutionthatwillseemorerobotsinhomes."Weinbergsaid.
WeinbergisintheprocessofcommercializingShimithroughanexclusivelicensingagreementwithGeorgiaTech.Weinberghopestomaketherobotavailabletoconsumersbythe2013holidayseason."Ifrobotsaregoingtoarriveinhomes,wethinkthattheywillbethiskindofmachines--small,entertainingandfun,"Weinbergsaid."Theywillenhanceyourlifeandpavethewayformoreintelligentservicerobotsinourlives.
36、WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothefirstthreeparagraphs____
A.Shimiisaone-foottallrobot.
B.Shimiisthecreatorofthemusicalcompanion.
C.Shimiisadockingstation(对接站)witha"brain"poweredbyanAndroidphone.
D.Shimicangainthesensingandmusicalgenerationcapabilitiesoftheuser‘smobiledevice.
37、WhatdoesShimidoiftheusertapsabeat____
A.Itstoresthebeatinthemusicallibrary.
B.Ittransmitsthebeattothedockingstation.
C.Itpositionsitsspeakersforoptimalsound.
D.Itselectsaperfectly-matchedsong.
38、Comparedwiththoserobberlimitedtheprogramming,Shimiis____
A.same
B.similar
C.identical
D.different,
39、WhatisthepredictionofWeinbergaboutShimi____
A.Shimicanbeappliedtoalltypesofsmartphones.
B.Shimiwillbringmorefuntothehumanlives.
C.himiwillbeappreciatedbyallusers.
D.Shimiwillbecommercializedbytheendof2012.
40、Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph____
A.TheresearchcenterisdevelopingastrongerandmoreversatileShimi.
B.GeorgiaTech.willdevelopmoreappsforShimi.
C.Shimiisnotyettechnologicallyreadyforcommercialization.
D.RobotssuchasShimiarecreatedforlargecorporationsratherthanhomes.
根据材料，回答41-46问题。
第三篇
ResearchersDiscoverWhyHumansBeganWalkingUpright
Mostofuswalkandcarryitemsinourhandseveryday.Theseareseeminglysimpleactivitiesthatthemajorityofusdon'tquestion.Butaninternationalteamofresearchers,includingDr.RichmondfromGW'sColumbianCollegeofArtsandScienceshavediscoveredthathumanwalkingupright,mayhaveoriginatedmillionsofyearsagoasanadaptationtocarryingscarce,high-qualityresources.TheteamofresearchersfromtheU.S.,England,JapanandPortugalinvestigatedthebehaviorofmodem-daychimpanzeesastheycompetedforfoodresources,inanefforttounderstandwhatecologicalsettingswouldleadalargeape–onethatresemblesthe6million-yearoldancestorwhosharedincommonwithlivingchimpanzees--towalkontwolegs.
"Thesechimpanzeesprovideamodeloftheecologicalconditionsunderwhichourearliestancestorsmighthavebegunwalkingontwolegs,"saidDr.Richmond.
Theresearchfindingssuggestthatchimpanzeesswitchtomovingontwolimbsinsteadoffourinsituationswheretheyneedtomonopolizearesource.Standingontwolegsallowsthemtocarrymuchmoreatonetimebecauseitfreesuptheirhands.Overtime,intenseburstsofbipedalactivitymayhaveledtoanatomicalchangesthatinturnbecamethesubjectofnaturalselectionwherecompetitionforfoodorotherresourceswasstrong.
TwostudieswereconductedbytheteaminGuinea,ThefirststudywasconductedbytheteaminKyotoUniversity's"outdoorlaboratory"inanaturalclearinginBossouForest.Researchersallowedthewildchimpanzeesaccesstodifferentcombinationsoftwodifferenttypesofnut--theoilpalmnut,whichisnaturallywidelyavailable,andthecoulanut(可乐果),whichisnot.The"chimpanzees"behaviorwasmonitoredinthreesituations:(a)whenonlyoilpalmnutswerevailable,(b)whenasmallnumberofcoulanutswereavailable,and(c)whencoulanutswerethemajorityavailableresource.
Whentherareconlanutswereavailableonlyinsmallnumbers,thechimpanzeestransportedmoreatonetime.Similarly,whencoulanutswerethemajorityresource,thechimpanzeesignoredtheoilpalmnutsaltogether.Thechimpanzeesregardedthecoulanutsasamorehighly-prizedresourceandcompetedforthemmoreintensely.
Insuchhigh-competitionsettings,thefrequencyofcasesinwhichthechimpanzeesstartedmovingontwolegsincreasedbyafactoroffour.Notonlywasitobviousthatbipedalmovementallowedthemtocarrymoreofthispreciousresource,butalsothattheywereactivelytryingtomoveasmuchastheycouldinonegobyusingeverythingavailable--eventheirmouths.
Thesecondstudy,byKimberleyHockingsofOxfordBrookesUniversitywasa14-monthstudyofBossouchimpanzeescrop-raiding,asituationinwhichtheyhavetocompeteforrateandunpredictableresources.Here,35percentofthechimpanzees'activityinvolvedsomesortofbipedalmovement,andonceagain,thisbehaviorappearedtobelinkedtoaclearattempttocarryasmuchaspossibleatonetime.(环球网校2016年职称英语考试考前模拟试题之综合类B级)
41、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs
A.Manypeoplequestionthesimplehumanactivitiesofwalkingandcarryingitems.
B.Chimpanzee'sbehaviorsmaysuggestwhyhumanswalkontwolegs.
C.Humanwalkinguprightisviewedasanadaptationtocarryingpreciousresources.
D.Ourancestorshavesomethingincommonwiththosemodern-daychimpanzees.
42、Dr.Richmondconductedtheexperimentwiththepurposeoffinding____
A.whenhumansbeganwalkingontwolegs
B.whatmadeourancestorswalkupright
C.whatbenefitswalkinguprightbroughttoourancestors
D.howwalkinguprighthelpedchimpanzeesmonopolizeresources
43、KyotoUniversitry'sstudydiscoveredthatchimpanzees___
A.regardedbothtypesofnutaspricedresources
B.preferredoilpalmnutstocoulanuts
C.likedcoulanutsbetterthanoilpalmnuts
D.ignoredbothtypesofnutaltogether
44、WhydidthechimpanzeeswalkontwolimbsduringKyotoUniversity'sexperiment____
A.Becausetheyimitatedthehumnanwayofwalkingjustforfun.
B.Becausetheywantedtopleasetheresearcherstogetmorecoulanutsfromthem.
C.Becausetheywantedtogettothenut-richforestfaster-bywalkingthatway.
D.Becausetheywantedtocarrymorenutswithtwofreelimbs.
45、Whatcanweinferfromthereadingpassage____
A.Chimpanzeesareinthesameprocessofevolutionasourancestorswere.
B.Chimpanzeesaresimilartohumansinmanybehaviors.
C.Walkingontwolimbsandwalkingonfourlimbseachhavetheiradvantages.
D.Humanwalkingontwolegsdevelopedasameansofsurvival
第5部分：补全短文
根据材料，完成46-51题
HeatIsKiller
Extremelyhotweatheriscommoninmanypartsoftheworld.Althoughhotweatherjustmakesmostpeoplefeelhot,itcancauseseriousmedicalproblemsevendeath.Floods,storms,volcanoeruptionsandothernaturaldisasterskillthousandsofpeopleeveryyear.____(46)____Expertssayheatmaybenature'sdeadliestkiller.Recently,extremeheatwasblamedforkillingmorethanonehundredpeopleinIndia.Itisreportedthatthetotalheatofahotdayorseveraldayscanaffecthealth.____(47)____.Expertssayheatwavesoftenbecomedangerouswhenthenighttimetemperaturedoesnotdropmuchfromthehighestdaytimetemperature.Thiscausesgreatstressonthehumanbody.
____(48)____Stayoutofthesun,ifpossible.Drinklotsofcoolwater.Wearlightcoloredclothingmadeofnaturalmaterials;avoidwearingsyntheticclothing.Makesuretheclothingisloose,permittingfreedomofmovement.Andlearnthedangersignsofthemedicalproblems,suchasheadacheandvomiting,thatarelinkedtoheat.____(49)____Thepainisawarningthatthebodyisbecomingtoohot.Doctorssaythosesufferingheadacheormusclepainshouldstopallactivityandrestinacoolplaceanddrinkcoolliquids.Donotreturntophysicalactivityforafewhoursbecausemoreseriousconditionscoulddevelop.
Doctorssaysomepeoplefaceanincreaseddangerfromheatstress.____(50)____Hoteatheralsoincreasesdangersforpeoplewhomusttakemedicineforhighbloodpressure,poorbloodflow,nervousnessordepression.
A.Suchpersonshaveaweakordamagedheart,highbloodpressure,orotherproblemsofthebloodsystem.
B.Severaloftheseconditionsarepresentatthesametime.
C.Mostpeoplesufferonlymusclepainasaresultofheatstress.
D.Severalhotdaysareconsideredaheatwave.
E.Sodoesextremeheat.
F.Doctorssaypeoplecandomanythingstoprotectthemselvesfromthedangersofextremeheat.
第6部分：完形填空
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择l个佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
根据材料，完成问题
LessIsMore
Itsoundsallwrong--drillingholesinapieceofwoodtomakeitmoreresistanttoknocks.Butitworksbecausetheenergyfromtheblowgetsdistributedthroughoutthewoodratherthanfocusingononeweakspot.Thediscoveryshouldleadtomoreeffectiveandlighterpackagingmaterials.Carpentershaveknown____(51)____centuriesthatsomewoodsaretougherthanothers.Hickory(山核桃木),forexample,wasturnedintoaxehandlesandcartwheelspokes(轮辐)becauseitcanabsorbshockswithoutbreaking.Whiteoak,forexample,ismuchmoreeasilydamaged,____(52)____itisalmostasdense.JulianVincentatBatheUniversityandhisteamwereconvincedthewood'sinternalstructurecouldexplainthedifferences.
Manytreeshavetubular(管状的)vesselsthatrun____(53____)thetrunkandcarrywatertotheleaves.Inoaktheyarelarge,andarrangedinnarrowbands,butinhickorytheyaresmaller,andmoreevenlydistributed.Theresearchers____(54)____thislayoutmightdistributeablow'senergythroughoutthewood.soakingupabiggerhit.Totesttheidea,theydrilledholes0.65millimetresacrossintoablockofspruce(云杉),awoodwith____(55)____vessels,andfoundthat(56)withstoodaharderknock.____(57)____whenthereweremorethanabout30holespersquarecentimetredidthewood'sperformancedropoff.
Auniformsubstancedoesn'tcopewellwithknocksbecauseonlyasmallproportionofthematerialisactually____(58)____Alltheenergyfromtheblowgoestowardsbreakingthematerialinoneortwoplaces,butoftenthepiecesleft____(59)____arepristine(未经破坏的).(环球网校2016年职称英语考试考前模拟试题之综合类B级)
Butinsteadoftheenergybeingconcentratedinoneplace,theholesprovidemanyweakspotsthatallabsorbenergyastheybreak,saysVincent."Youarecontrollingtheplaces____(60)____thewoodbreaks,anditcanthenabsorbmore____(61)____,moresafely."Theresearchersbelievetheprinciplecouldbeappliedtoanymaterial--____(62)____example,tomanufacturelighterandmoreprotectivepackaging.Itcould____(63)____beusedincarbumpers,crashbarriersandarmourformilitaryvehicles,saysUlrikeWegst,a____(64)____attheMaxPlankInstituteforMentalResearchinStuttgart.Butsheemphasizesthatyou____(65)____todesignthesubstancewiththedirectionofforceinmind."Thedirectionofloadingiscrucial,"shesays.