1、竭诚为您提供优质文档/双击可除第i页共ii页literature,review,模板篇一：打印版literaturereview模板nuclearRadiationanditslong-termhealtheffect(yourtitle)thereisaconstantcontroversyastotheapplicationofnuclearpowerandrisksfromnuclearradiationeversincethechernobyldisaster.especiallythereleaseofsubstantialamountsofradiationinto
2、theatmospherefromjapansFukushimadaiichinuclearpowerplantin20xxhastriggeredthewidespreadfearandconcernsoverrisksofradiationleaks,radiationexposure,andtheirimpactonpeopleshealth.thecommonsensicalandintuitiveresponseofthepublicisthatnuclearradiationismostlikelytocauseacancerorgeneticdiseases.manyresea
3、rchers,however,assuredthepublicthatthereisnosubstantialdangerasassumed,andnuclearpowerisnotasfearfulormenacingasitseemstobe.cohen(20xx),blumenthal(20xx)andbai(20xx),forexample第2页共11页,citednumericalevidenceandresortedtoscientificfactstoillustratethatacertainlevelofnuclearradiationriskswontposer
4、ealdangerifhandledproperlywiththecurrenttechnologyavailableorbyfollowingtheprescribedrules.theydoadmitthepossibilityofradiationinitiatingcertainkindsofdiseases,though.onlyexposuretohighdosesofradiationorlong-termlowdoseexposurecouldleadtoacutehealthproblems(bai20xx).nevertheless,noteveryoneagrees.c
5、ornelio(20xx),ontheotherhand,holdsthatnuclearradiationismostlikelytothreatenpeopleshealthbycontaminatingmilk,vegetables,andrainwater.theliteratureontherelationshipbetweenradiationandhealthlargelyfocusedonthemanageabilityofnuclearrisksandplayeddownthedamagethatnuclearradiationislikelytocause.there
6、searchesgenerallytookadetourastowhetherthereisanysolidevidencetobearoutthelong-termhealthimpactofnuclearradiation.thereneedstobemorewell-groundedstudiesonthecorrelationbetweenradiationandhealth,andonthepossiblelong-termhealtheffectsinordertoaddresstheconcernsofthegeneralpublic.besides,wealsoneedtoan
7、swerquestionslike“whyisthereadisparitybetweenthecommonsensicalfeelingofthepublicandtheexplicationofferedbyexpertsconcerningnuclearradiationandhealth”“,arescientistsbiasedandusethefactsandstatisticstotheirfavor”and“istherealong-termnegativehealthimpactifonetakesmoderatedosesofnuclearcontaminat
8、edfoodoveralongperiod”题目小二字体小四如果是400字数刚好，最下面还有一点空间写下名字。第二种文献综述，带个人主观观点的。个别特殊情况可以根据具体的字数再更改字体大小欢迎补充建议篇二：literatureReview(样本)literatureReview1.theimportanceofreadinginenglishlearninginlanguagelearning,readingisregardedasamajorsourceofinput,andformanyeFllearnersitisthemostimportantskillinanacademic
9、context(grabe1991).inaddition,readingcanhelplearnersexten第3页共11页第4页共11页hecontextofchina,aschineseeFllearnersarelearningthetargetlanguageinanacquisition-poorenvironment,theyneedallthemoretodependonreadingforlanguageandcultureimmersion.and,whatismore,thereisan
10、othernecessitytochineseeFllearnersreadingforexaminations(zhou20xx).itisobviousthatreadingmakesupalargeproportionofthetotalscoresinimportantenglishproficiencytestsatvariouslevelssuchastestofenglishasaForeignlanguage(toeFl),internationalenglishlanguagetestingsystem(ielts),collegeenglishtestband4(ce
11、t-4),collegeenglishtestband6(cet-6),testforenglishmajorsband4(tem-4),testforenglishmajorsband8(tem-8)(pu20xx).therefore,readingisconsideredanessentialandprerequisiteabilityonthepartofenglishmajors.2.thereadingprocess2.1thenatureofreadingReadingcomprehensionbeginsatthesmallestandsimplestlanguageunit
12、sandeachsingleword,sentenceandpassagecarriesitsownmeaningindependentlywhichhasnodirectlinkwiththereader(chomskycitedinzhangsmith1971,citedinsi第5页共11页lberstein20xx:6).Fromthisperspective,readingcanbetakenasaninteractiveactivity(eskey1988;grabe1993,citedinhedge20xx:188)whichcanbeunderstoodtobeacom
13、plexcognitiveprocessinwhichthereaderandthetextinteractto(re)createmeaningfuldiscourse(silberstein20xx:x).itisinatleasttwoways.Firstly,thevariousprocessesinvolvedinreadingarecarriedoutsimultaneously.secondly,itisinteractiveinthesensethatlinguisticinformationfromthetextinteractswithinformationactiv
14、atedbythereaderfromhislong-termmemory,asbackgroundknowledge(grabetofollowinstructionstoperformatask;forpleasure,amusement,andpersonalenjoyment;tokeepintouchwithfriendsandcolleagues;toknowwhatishappeningintheworld;andtofindoutwhenandwherethingsare(Riversandtemperley1978:187,citedinhedge20xx:195).be
15、sidesthese,readingisacriticalprocess.crit(literature,review,模板)icalreadingviewsreadingasasocialengagement(kress1985,citedinhedge20xx:197).Formthisviewpoint,textsareorganizedincertainwaysbywriterstoshapetheperceptionsofreaderstowardsacceptanceoftheunderlyingideologyofthetext(hedge20xx:197).soitist
16、heprocessforthereaderstoevaluatethewritersattitudesorviewpoints.2.2threecomponentsofreading2.2.1languagecompetencemanyresearchershavepointedoutthatl2learnersmustreachacertainlevelofsecondlanguagecompetencebeforetheycansmoothlyreadinthetargetlanguage(seegrabeRumelhartRumelhart1980,citedinzhang20xx).thereaderbeginswiththeperceptionofgraphiccues,butoncethesearerecognizedasfamiliar,schemataderivedfrombothlinguisticknowledgeandknowledgeoftheworldingeneralarebroughtintoplay(parry1987:61,citedinqian1997).sowordsintextsfunctionassignswithinacultu