1723年（清雍正元年），雍正皇帝御批同仁堂供御药，由此开启了供御药的传奇经历。在整个清朝时期，享有连续188年供御药殊荣的民间药铺只有同仁堂一家。“传取同仁堂药品，表明清宫对同仁堂的信任和青睐，同时也证明同仁堂成药的品质优良，可以和御药房所制成药互为替代”。In1723，the1stQingYongzhengreign,theemperorgrantedTongrentang’simperialsupplyofmedications,whenalegendarydevelopmentprocesswasinitiatedandlastedasuccessivedurationof188years,thenproudlyastheonlyfoldpharmacysupplier.Theemperor’sgranttoimperialsupplyofTongrentangmedicationsindicatesthetrustofQingImperialPalaceandfavorinTongrentang.Meanwhile,thisalsoprovesthesuperbqualityofTongrentangpreparedmedicines,whichwerethenreplaceablewiththosebytheimperialpharmacies.”
药材和咀片（饮片）：这是同仁堂在所供的御药中传药次数最多、品种最广、数量最大的类别。以同治到宣统年间为例，仅49个年份中，有据可查的清宫传同仁堂药材和咀片次数共163次。其中：传药材124次，占76%；传咀片39次，占24%。MedicinalMaterialsandprepareddruginpieces,wereinmostfrequentdemand,widestranges,andlargestquantitiesamongalltheTongrentangsuppliestotheimperialcourt.TakingthesuppliesduringtheTongzhithroughXuantongreignsasanexample,therewasaprovenrecordoftheQingimperialcourt’s163-time,whichwasonlyinaperiodof49years.
此后，清宫御药房多次运用同仁堂配方制作成药，如御药房档案《上用丸散膏丹配方薄》记载：“光绪十三年九月十二日，连英传：用同仁堂配方合梅苏丸；光绪十七年三月二十二日，按同仁堂配方合清肺抑火化痰丸四分之一料，如绿豆粒大；光绪二十二年六月初七日，用同仁堂配方合千金保胎膏一料；光绪二十六年二月十一日，福祥传：用同仁堂配方合加味保和丸半料；光绪二十六年二月十一日，福祥传：用同仁堂配方合香砂养胃半料”。Afterthat,theQingimperialpharmacyappliedTongrentangformulastopreparetheirmedicinesforseveraltimes.
1、养生保健治未病Keepinghealthyforpreventivetreatmentofdiseases
（1）常年养生治未病Keepinghealthyconstantlyforpreventivetreatmentofdiseases
《黄帝内经》曰：“阴阳四时者，万物之终始也，死生之本也，逆之则灾害生，从之则苛疾不起，是谓得道”。四季养生、防病于未然，不治已病治未病是中医养生、医疗的基本理念，同仁堂供的御药中50%以上用于治未病。在皇宫中，皇帝、后、妃等脾胃病较多，加之易有肝郁气滞，多数停饮较重，湿邪缠身，所以常年使用灯芯草、三仙饮（炒山楂、炒麦芽、炒神曲）等消食、祛湿、清心、安神的中药调理。Keepinghealthyandpreventingdiseasearequiteworthwhileallyearround.ThisisthefundamentalphilosophyofTraditionalChineseMedicalTreatment.HalfoftheTongrentangsuppliedmedicinesfortheimperialpharmacypreparationwasmainlyaimedatsuchpreventions.
（2）四季调理治未病RecuperatingatallseasonsforPreventativetreatmentofdiseases
春季，天气渐暖，风多干燥，寒热交替，养生去病重在舒肝养血，养阴润燥，健脾开胃利湿。同仁堂供鲜芦根、白菊花、竹茹等宣润肺燥，养阴益肝；用灯芯草、三仙饮（炒山楂、炒麦芽、炒神曲）消食、导滞、养脾胃。Inspring,TongrentangsuppliesfreshRhizomaPhragmitis,whitechrysanthemumsandCaulisBambusaeInTaeniafornourishingthelung,nourishingYin(feminineandnegative)andstrengtheningliver.CommonrushesandSanxianyinarehelpfulfordigestionandremovingfoodstagnation,andstrengtheningthespleenandstomach.
夏季，天地温暖湿润，万物处于开散、繁茂的时期，需要防治温热过度，伤损阴液。同仁堂供暑汤、香薷汤、金衣祛暑丸、六合定中丸、灯芯草、薄荷、竹茹等祛暑解热、生津止渴。Insummer,TongrentangsuppliesHerbaElsholtziaeDecoction,CaulisBambusaeInTaeniaandotherproductsforclearingsuchheat,helpingproducesalivaandquenchthirst.
秋季，天地气候转向寒冷、干燥，万物处于收敛阶段，北京地区秋风、风沙开始变多，人容易多愁善感，需要注意润肺防燥，止咳化痰。同仁堂供灯芯草、薄荷、白菊花等润肺去燥。Inautumn,Tongrentangprovidescommonrushes,mintandwhitechrysanthemumsfornourishingyourlungandexpellingpathogenicheat.
冬季，天寒地冻，万物纷纷进入阳气潜藏于内的状态，需要注意保护身体阳气，勿使外越，避免外界寒冷侵袭而损伤。同仁堂供鲜芦根、白豆蔻、砂仁、三仙饮（炒山楂、炒麦芽、炒神曲）等引肺气下降，开胃暖胃。Inwinter,TongrentangsuppliesfreshRhizomaPhragmitis,cardamom,fructusamomiandSanxianYinandmedicatedleaventodownregulatelungQi（Vitalenergy）forappetizingandwarmingthestomach.
（3）对症用药治未病Indication-basedPreventiveMedicationforTreatingDiseaseBeforeItsOnset
乾隆四十一年至六十四年，乾隆皇帝因渐至暮年，先后天俱亏，阴阳气血虚损叠至，故频用八珍糕、生脉饮（煎剂），其中乾隆六十二年至六十四年，共进生脉饮359次。In1778--1801,the41stthrough64thQingQianlongreign,theQingemperorQianlong,inthetwilightofhislife,sufferedfrompost-naturalweakness,inadditiontodeficienciesofYin(feminineandnegative),Yang(masculineandpositive),Qi（Vitalenergy）andBlood,thereforefrequentlytookeight-therapycakesandShengmaiyin,ofwhich,during1799--1801,359wereTongrentangconsumedbyhim.
2、随时传药治已病Around-the-clockMedicalServiceForCuringoftheDiseases
清宫成员发生疾病，特别是皇帝、太后等生病，同仁堂要“全天候”服务。Upontheirsickness,theQingimperialpalaceofficialsandtheirfamily,especiallytheemperorandtheempressdowager,demandedTongrentang’sprovisionofaround-the-clockmedicalservices.
3、随王伴驾保平安Ensuringtheemperor’shealthduringhistravels
乾隆四十八年（1783年）乾隆帝“木兰秋狝”（秋猎），备“随围药味咀片丸散”的差事由同仁堂承担，并“限八月三十一日送到”。此次所办药材有茯苓、苏叶、陈皮、半夏等27种；六味地黄丸、健步虎潜丸、补中益气丸、藿香正气丸、宣化丸、参苏理肺丸、五福化毒丹等成药34种；牛黄、冰片、麝香、朱砂、雄黄、犀角面、白芨面等珍贵细料药物及药面7种。DuringQianlong’s‘MulanQiuxian’(autumnhunting)inhis48threign（1783）,thepreparationofherbalmedicines,slices,patentmedicinesusedinthehuntingwasundertakenbyTongrentang,whichwasordered‘tobedueon31stdayofthe8thlunarmonth’.Therewere27kindsofmedicinalmaterials,34patentmedicinesAnd7kindsofpreciousandfinematerialsandpowders.
皇帝不仅注重自身的养生，也对为其立下功劳的大臣或封疆大吏、近臣宠臣、皇亲国戚、前线官兵等十分关爱。这种关爱也在其赏赐药品上见到一斑。Theemperornotonlypaidattentiontohisownhealth,butalsocaredfortheministersorregionalpremierswhohadmadecontributions,courtiersandpreferredministers,imperialrelatives,andthefrontlineofficersandsoldiers.
平安丸为治日常心胃疼痛的方剂，胸膈胀满，呕吐嘈杂，纳呆痞塞者均宜，其可理肝脾，顺升降，不损元气，故不仅皇室人员使用，雍正帝也大量赏赐臣下。雍正六年十二月初八日（1728年），雍正帝亲批：赏总督、御史、巡抚、将军、提督、总兵、都统等各级将领平安丸，“共用平安丸捌万伍千柒佰丸”。PinganPillisaprescriptionfortreatingpainsintheheartandstomach.Thisprescriptionissuitableforthosewhofeelfullnessinchest,vomit,havesourregurgitation,andfeelanorexia,distentionandstagnation.Itcanregulatetheliverandspleen,andcoordinatetheupanddownmovementwithoutdamagingthepromordialQi（Vitalenergy）.Therefore,itwasusednotonlybyimperialfamilies,butalsobyministersasrewardsgivenbyEmperorYongzheng.
5、保障会试聚人才Ensuringthatexaminationswouldgathertalents
清朝每年春秋二次（同治五年以前每年四次）举办太医院科会考试，由堂官主考，凡吏目、医士、恩粮生、肄业生、医生，按考试结果决定是否能在太医院供职。此时同仁堂承担“科会试场差”，参考人员身体不适所用中药由同仁堂供应。IntheQingDynasty,imperialmedicalexaminationswereheldtwotimes,separatelyinspringandautumn,bytheImperialHospital.TheexaminationsweremonitoredbyCourtofficialsandtheexaminationresultsoftheparticipants,includingminorofficials,medicalassistants,fooddoctors,interns,physicians,wereusedtodeterminewhethertheycouldworkintheImperialHospitalornot.Atthistime,Tongrentangwasresponsibleforthe"examinationroomerrands",andsuppliedChinesemedicinestothesewhohaddiscomfortduringthetest.
在清朝每三年的科举会试中，同仁堂根据举人的身体情况免费备药，写上举人的名字送到驻地。Inimperialmedicalexaminationsthattookplaceevery3yearsinQingDynasty,Tongrentangpreparedmedicinesaccordingtothephysicalconditionsofthesuccessfulcandidatesoftheexaminationswiththeirnameontheprescriptionsandthendeliveredtheseprescriptionstowheretheylived.
上述同仁堂提供的药品保障服务，既为皇家赢得了士子之心，也使同仁堂的产品名扬四海。Thesedrug-supportingservicesprovidedbyTongrentanghadnotonlywontheheartsofthescholarsfortheimperialfamily,butalsomadetheproductsofTongrentangwell-knownintheworld.
6、防控疫情稳民心PreventionandControloftheEpidemictoStabilizethePublicConfidence
清太医张仲元《太医院志》载：“奉旨于瘟疫时于京城设厂派员诊治施药……奏派差务：国初以来，每直京师多疫，由步军统领奏请恩施医药惠济满汉军民人等，得旨后由本院开单奏派……奉旨以为常例”。Dr.ZhangZhongyuan,acourtphysicianoftheQingDynasty,saidintheAnnalsofImperialAcademyofMedicine:“Attheorderoftheemperor,medicalstationswouldbeestablishedandmedicalstaffbedispatchedtodistributemedicinesinthecapitalcitywhenevertherewasanepidemicoutburst...theimperialdecreestated:eversincethebeginningoftheQingDynasty,wheneveranepidemiceruptedinthecapitalcity,theinfantrycommanderwouldpetitionforanimperialdecreetodistributemedicinestosoldiersandciviliansfrombothManchuandHancommunity.OncetheEmperorissuedanimperialdecree,theImperialAcademyofMedicinewouldmakea“listofmedicines”andstartthedistributionaccordingly...itwasmandatorytofollowtheimperialdecree.”
票传交进List-basedDelivery
清宫御药房将各宫内药房等处所传用的成药或咀片写出“用药清单”，交给每日来御药房的同仁堂药商，药商将“用药清单”速交同仁堂铺东，同仁堂据此逐一备药，再由药商将药送交御药房。TheImperialPharmacyofQingImperialPalacewouldmakea"listofmedicines"forpatentmedicinesneededbytheinternalPharmaciesineverypalace,andgiveittotheshopkeeperofTongrentangimmediately,whowouldpreparethemedicinesonebyoneaccordingtothelist.
赶紧交进PromptDelivery
遇到皇帝对于用药有特殊质量要求的情况，御药房须派官员去同仁堂遴选药材，“赶紧交进”。InthecasethattheEmperorhadspecialrequirementsforthequalityofmedicines,theImperialPharmacywouldsendofficialstoTongrentangtoselecttheMedicinalMaterialsand"deliverthempromptly".
进宫制药On-siteMedicinePreparationinthePalace
御药房传同仁堂技术人员进宫制药。光绪二十五年正月十四日乾清宫传神效暖脐药二料，档案记载在御药房制药，用“同仁堂熬膏匠役四名”。同仁堂的“工匠”能够进宫制药，体现出皇家对同仁堂制药工艺水平的信任。PharmacistsofTongrentangwerecalleduponbytheImperialPharmacytopreparemedicinesinthepalace.
监视制药MonitoringofMedicinePreparation
御药房派官员到同仁堂监视制药，所用药料从同仁堂取货。光绪三十一年正月初三日，御药房“合配三色暑药共一百四十料，官员、苏拉等赴同仁堂监视碾、筛以及合配妥协”。SomeofficialsdispatchedbytheImperialPharmacymonitoredtheprocessofmedicinepreparationinTongrentang,withalltheMedicinalMaterialsbeingselectedthereinTongrentang.
紧急传药EmergencyDeliveryofMedicines
这种形式是因为宫内有特殊病人，主要是皇帝、太后等突发疾病，由乾清宫内药房、寿药房等首领传旨御药房，所用药物在同仁堂准备就绪，随时交进。即使在夜间，御药房也要派专差立即到同仁堂取药。Thishappenedwhensomepatientsinthepalaceneededspecialtreatment,mostlywhentheEmperorandtheEmpressDowagersuddenlyfellill.Inthiscase,theImperialPharmacywouldreceiveimperialdecreethroughthesupervisorsoftheInternalPharmacyandtheLongevityPharmacyofPalaceofHeavenlyPurity,thenallmedicinesneededwouldbewell-preparedinTongrentangforpromptdelivery.Evenatnight,theImperialPharmacymustsendspecialdispatcherstoTongrentangtocollectthemedicines.
清御药房档案记载，同仁堂向清宫供药大致需要按以下程序办理：Tongrentang’sprocessofofferingmedicinestotheQingImperialPalacewereasfollows:
内药房首领、太监传旨，向御药房传药。ThesupervisorandeunuchoftheInternalPharmacywouldconveytheimperialdecreetotheImperialPharmacyforthedeliveryofmedicines.
御药房“票传”同仁堂，由同仁堂药商每日到御药房领“用药清单传票”，送交同仁堂药铺。SummonedbytheImperialPharmacy,thedrugdealerofTongrentangwouldcomeandcollectthe“listofmedicines”onadailybasis,andthendeliverthelisttoTongrentang.
同仁堂立即按“用药清单”备药，由同仁堂药商送交御药房。Tongrentangwouldpreparethemedicinesimmediatelyaccordingtothe“listofmedicines”anddeliverthemtotheImperialPharmacythroughthedrugdealer.
御药房官员检查药味质量、按“票传”过秤验收，并严格规定：“药商送交本药房验明、过秤其药味，必须拣选上好咀片……方可交进”；验收合格即可收药；验收不合格，御药房值班库掌等官员立刻“斥驳”不能擅收。Themedicinesshouldbecheckedforthequalityandweighedaccordingtothe“listofmedicines”bytheofficialsoftheImperialPharmacyforacceptance.
御药房将药味送交内药房，请皇上看后进行加工制作，即“内药房恭呈御览，验毕交下合配”。TheImperialPharmacywoulddeliverthemedicinestotheInternalPharmacy,andthepreparationprocesswouldstartaftertheemperorgavehispermission,namely“theInternalPharmacywouldpresentthemedicinestotheemperorfordeterminingwhetherthepreparationprocessshouldstart”.
御药房（或内药房）合配丸散或调剂汤剂，并限定：“医生、苏拉等一切炮制碾筛成做不准草率，以昭慎重”。TheImperialPharmacy(ortheInternalPharmacy)wouldpreparethepills,powderordecoction.
制作完成后有些档案记载呈送太后、皇帝御览。Oncethepreparationcompleted,someoftherecordswouldbepresenttotheEmpressDowagerandtheEmperorforreview.
御药房根据崇文门的药味定价核算御药的药银数，制作“传药价值清单”。TheImperialPharmacywouldcalculatethefinalpriceofimperialmedicinesandmakea“pricelistofmedicines”.
内务府和御药房主管官员共17人签字。签字官员有掌稿笔贴式、主事、员外郎、主稿员外郎、员外郎督催差务兼行内管领、库掌、署理事务主稿员外郎、总管大库事务主稿郎中、主稿郎中，最后由御药房事务协办大学士、户部尚书、总管内务府大臣宗室福签字。Thelistwouldbesignedbyatotalof17competentofficialsfromtheImperialHouseholdDepartmentandtheImperialPharmacy.
御药房将上述程序工作撰写呈文题为“御药房为呈明领取药银事”呈报皇帝御批。TheImperialPharmacywouldcompileamemorialoftheabovementionedprocesswiththetitleof“MedicinalExpensesSortedOutbytheImperialPharmacy”,andsubmitittotheEmperorforreview.
御药房将“御药房为呈明领取药银事”呈文，移送广储司转银库。TheImperialPharmacythenwouldmakethememorial--“MedicineExpensesSortedOutbytheImperialPharmacy”intoanofficialdocumentandtransferittotheTreasuryBureauviatheDepartmentofStorage.
御药房“出具印领”（有公章的证明）赴银库领银。TheImperialPharmacywouldissue“acertificatebearinganofficialseal”andcollectfeesofthemedicinesfromtheTreasuryBureau.
御药房向景运门发公文“御药房为承报出门事”报告。TheImperialPharmacywouldissueanofficialdocumenttitled“SettlementSubmittedbytheImperialPharmacy”toJingyunGate.
御药房给御史衙门发公文“御药房为知会事”。Then,theImperialPharmacywouldanofficialdocumenttitled“NotificationfromtheImperialPharmacy”totheDisciplineInspectionDepartment.
同仁堂药商将药银领回同仁堂。Later,thedrugdealerofTongrentangwouldcollectthetotalsumofmedicinefees.
1、对药材质量的要求是上等、纯洁、地道。比如黄连选用上等、粗大、饱满，去掉须根的四川雅安的鸡爪黄连。TheMedicinalMaterialsshouldbesuperiorinquality,impurity-freeandauthentic.Forexample,Rhizomacoptidisshouldbechickenfeet-shapedonesfromYa’an,SichuanProvince,whichmustbesuperiorinquality,bulkyandplumpwithfibrousrootsbeingremoved.
2、对制药的要求是“一切炮制、碾筛、成做，不得草率，以昭慎重”。同仁堂制药工艺精湛，对炮制要求十分严苛且方法独特，据统计，同仁堂传统炮制加工方法达50多种，较复杂的工序达20多道。Therequirementsformedicinepreparationstatedthat"allproceduresrelatedtoprocessing,grinding,screeningofmedicinesshouldberigorousandearnest,asasigntodemonstratetheseriousnessofthewholeprocess".
一是同仁堂药商、铺东对供御药的质量负责；1)ThedrugdealerandshopkeeperofTongrentangshouldberesponsibleforthequalityofimperialmedicines;
二是御药房“掌库（库房首领）检查验收，对送交药味验收负责;2)ThewarehousesupervisoroftheImperialPharmacyshouldbeinchargeofcheckingandacceptanceofthemedicinesandberesponsibleforthemedicinesdelivered;
三是皇帝、太后亲自点验；3)TheEmperorandtheEmpressDowagerwouldcountandcheckthemedicinesthemselves;
四是在使用或制作过程中经手的御药房官员17-18人都要签字负责形成“粘单（类似于管理记录）”最后由内务府总管大臣签字；4)Actingasaformofresponsibilitysharing,an“allonge”(similartomanagementrecords)shouldbesignedby17to18officialsoftheImperialPharmacywhoengagedinmedicineadministrationandpreparation,whichfollowedbythefinalsignatureoftheChiefMinisterofImperialHouseholdDepartment;
五是供药有差错交内务府主管刑事狱案的慎行司法办。5)AnyerrorsarisingfromthedeliveryofmedicinesshouldbedealtwithbytheImperialDisciplineDepartment,adivisioncopingwithcriminalcasesundertheImperialHouseholdDepartment.