TheFujianBrown-Black-GlazedCeramicsFoundonXin’anShipwreck
李榕青
LiRongqing
(福建博物院,福州,350001)
(FujianMuseum,Fuzhou,350001)
内容提要:在新安沉船发现40周年纪念的黑釉瓷专题展的展品中有福建多个窑口的产品。建窑的黑釉茶碗、德化窑白口褐釉盏、洪塘窑的酱褐釉小罐都是宋代产品,茶洋窑黑釉浅腹茶碗为元代产品,都是日僧、日商应国内引入的宋朝禅院制度、饮茶方式与茶礼之风的需求而购入的,影响了日本茶道文化的形成;磁灶窑陶瓷器也作为适应日本市场的商品进入生活的各方面。在开创、推进日本茶道具与福建宋元陶瓷关系研究中,林屋晴三先生做出了重要贡献。
关键词:新安沉船建窑茶洋窑洪塘窑磁灶窑林屋睛三
Abstract:IntheexhibitionofThe40thAnniversaryoftheDiscoveryofXin’anShipwreck,therearemanyporcelainproductsmadeinFujiankilns.Black-glazedteabowlofJiankiln,white-mouthedbrown-glazedpotofDehuakiln,andthesmallbrown-glazedpotinHongtangkilnareallproducedintheSongDynasty.InresponsetotheimportofSongDynastyZenTemplesystem,teadrinkingstyleandteaceremonialstyletoJapan,manynewwareswerepurchasedbyJapanesemonksandbusinessmen,likeblack-glazedshallowteabowlinYuanDynasty.ThisinfluencedtheemergenceofteacultureofJapan.TheChinesekilnsatthattimemadeanefforttoadapttheJapanmarket,andChinesekilns’productswereprevailinginJapan.HayashiyaHaruzomadeimportantcontributionsininitiatingandpromotingresearchontherelationshipbetweenJapaneseteapropsandFujianSongandYuanceramics.
KeyWords:Xin’anShipwreck;Jiankiln;Chayangkiln;Hongtangkiln;Cizaokiln;HayashiyaHaruzo
试析明清德化白瓷外销的器形、原因与影响
TheShapes,ReasonsandInfluencesoftheExportationofMingandQingDynastiesDehuaKilnPorcelain
黄静
HuangJing
(广东省博物馆,广州,440106)
(GuangdongMuseum,Guangzhou,440106)
内容提要:德化白瓷早在宋元时期就已通过海路大量外销至东南亚等地。明清时期德化白瓷更是风靡欧洲,尤其在17世纪,也就是明代晚期至清代早期,是德化白瓷发展至顶峰的时期。此时的德化白瓷胎体细腻、致密,釉质光洁莹润、白中泛黄,器皿造型优雅,佛道人物塑像气韵生动而飘逸,不仅在国内市场热销,也大量外销至欧洲,成为西方人家居陈设和收藏的珍品。因此,明清德化白瓷对欧洲的社会生活及其白瓷产业的出现都产生了重大的影响,被欧洲人誉为“中国白”“欧洲白瓷之母”。本文就明清德化白瓷外销的特点及对欧洲白瓷产业的影响,以及外销兴盛的原因等问题,进行探讨。
关键词:德化窑白瓷外销对欧洲的影响
Abstract:AsearlyastheSongandYuanDynasties,whiteporcelainmadeinDehuawasexportedtoSoutheastAsia.DuringtheMingandQingDynasties,DehuawhiteporcelainalmostsweptoverEurope.Especiallyinthe17thcentury,Dehuawhiteporcelainreacheditspeak.Duringthattime,thebodyofDehuawhiteporcelainwasexquisiteanddense.Itsglazewasivorywhite.TheshapeofDehuawhiteporcelainwaselegant.ItwasfamousforBuddhistorTaoiststatue.Itsoldwellnotonlyindomesticmarket,butalsoabroadtoEurope.DehuawhiteporcelainhadbecamethefurnishingsandcollectionsofWesternfamily.Therefore,DehuawhiteporcelainhadagreatimpactontheEuropeansociallifeandthewhiteporcelainindustry.SoDehuawhiteporcelainwashonoredasChineseWhite,ortheMotherofEuropeanWhitePorcelain.ThispaperdiscussestheDehuawhiteporcelainexportationanditsinfluenceontheEuropeinMingandQingDynasties.
KeyWords:Dehuakiln;whiteporcelain;exportation;influenceonEurope
中国早期博物馆的收藏与活动研究
——以亚洲文会上海博物院为例
CollectionsandPublicProgramsofChina’sEarlyMuseums:AStudyontheShanghaiMuseum(R.A.S.)
刘守柔
LiuShourou
(复旦大学文物与博物馆学系,上海,200433)
(DepartmentofCultureHeritageandMuseology,FudanUniversity,Shanghai,200433)
关键词:博物馆中国早期博物馆文化遗产上海博物院
Abstract:ThepreviouslyShanghaiMuseumbuiltbytheNorth-ChinaBranchoftheRoyalAsiaticSocietywasoneoftheChina’sfirstmodernmuseums.Bystudyingitscollections,exhibitionsandpublicprograms,thearticleshowsthatmuseumpracticeaffectedbyitsmission,professionalstaff,aswellastherelationshipbetweenmuseumandsociety.WithothercasesofChina’smuseumpredecessors,itfocusesonthefollowingissues:Choiceandinterpretationofcollectionsinmuseumsandsocialcontext;influenceofChina’searlymuseumhistoryonsociallifeandmuseumdevelopment.
KeyWords:Museum;China’searlymuseumhistory;culturalheritage;ShanghaiMuseum(R.A.S.)
郭畀日记手稿残页及其版本
DifferentEditionsofGuoBi’sDiaryandItsManuscriptFragments
龙霄飞
LongXiaofei
(首都博物馆,北京,100045)
(CapitalMuseum,Beijing,100045)
内容提要:元代郭畀手书日记又称《云山日记》《客杭日记》。首都博物馆藏郭畀日记手稿残页为元代书画家郭畀的传世墨迹,也是上海图书馆藏郭畀日记手稿的缺失部分,长期湮没无闻。对这一残稿墨迹内容进行系统梳理并对其真伪做出判定,分析其书法特色,进而为郭畀书法研究丰富了内容。以此为基础对后世出现的日记抄本和刊本做了比较与说明,并与几个主要版本中此部分内容做出校勘。同时对存世的《云山日记》和《客杭日记》的异同予以分析说明。
关键词:郭畀日记《云山日记》《客杭日记》手稿版本书法
Abstract:TheDiaryofGuoBiinYuanDynastyisalsonamedDiaryofYunshanorDiarySojourninginHangzhou.AnincompletemanuscriptoftheDiaryofGuoBicollectedintheCapitalMuseumofChinaiswrittenbyGuoBi,itisalsothemissingpartoftheDiaryofGuoBicollectedintheShanghaiLibrary.Toappraiseandanalysistheincompletemanuscript,wecanresearchthestyleofcalligraphyofGuoBi.BasedontheincompletemanuscripttocollatethecopiesandprintedbooksoftheDiary,wecanfindmanydifferencesbetweenthem.
KeyWords:DiaryofGuoBi;DiaryofYunshan;DiarySojourninginHangzhou;manuscript;edition;calligraphy
新式婚礼蔚然成风
——从中国妇女儿童博物馆馆藏民国新式结婚礼节单谈起
AStudyFocusingontheModernWeddingEtiquetteListintheRepublicofChinaPreservedintheChinaNationalMuseumofWomenandChildren
何月馨
HeYuexin
(中国妇女儿童博物馆,北京,100005)
(ChinaNationalMuseumofWomenandChildren,Beijing,100005)
内容提要:本文以中国妇女儿童博物馆藏民国时期一份新式结婚礼节单为中心,通过礼节单的文本复原了民国新式婚礼的流程,并结合其他公开发行的宣传文明结婚礼节的范本,概述了新式婚礼的显著特征。这类面向社会公开发行的礼节单,共同推动着文明结婚的普及、并最终成为一种流行方式。
关键词:民国文明结婚新式婚礼礼节单
Abstract:BasedontheresearchofamodernweddingetiquettelistintheRepublicanPeriodpreservedintheChinaNationalMuseumofWomenandChildren,thispaperreconstructstheprocessofthemodernweddingceremonyintheRepublicofChina,andoutlinesthedominantfeaturesofthemodernweddingonthebasisofthetextandotherreadingmaterialsissuedtothepublic.Thesekindsofetiquettelistswhichdisseminatedthefashionofthemodernweddingpromotedthepopularizationofcivilizedmarriage,whichhadeventuallybecomeakindoftrend.
KeyWords:TheRepublicofChina;civilizedmarriage;modernwedding;etiquettelist
北京安徽会馆与朱熹《游云谷诗》帖石
TheResearchonAnhuiGuildHallinBeijingandtheStoneInscriptionsofZhuXi’sCalligraphy
张云燕
ZhangYunyan
(北京石刻艺术博物馆,北京,100081)
(BeijingStoneCarvingArtMuseum,Beijing,100081)
内容提要:京城安徽会馆建于清同治十年(1871年),由以李鸿章为首的淮军集团主持创建,专为皖籍实权官僚服务,其规模与华丽程度为诸省会馆之冠。原会馆北侧花园拜石山房内嵌置朱熹《游云谷诗》帖石,由李鸿章、鲍源深、黄钰、光熙等皖籍官员组织刊刻。虽帖石所据底本为伪帖,但在会馆内摹刻朱子书迹之事,仍体现了安徽士人追慕同乡先贤遗风,冀求“润色鸿业,策名无穷”的政治抱负。
关键词:安徽会馆朱熹《游云谷诗》帖石李鸿章
Abstract:AnhuiguildhallinBeijingwasbuiltinthe10thyearofthereignofemperorTongzhioftheQingdynasty(1871).ItwasfoundedbytheHuaiarmygroupheadedbyLiHongzhang.TheguildhallwasdedicatedtoservingthepowerfulbureaucratsofAnhuiprovince,withthemostmagnificentbuildingsofallprovincialguildhalls.Therewasahousecalled“BaiShiShanFang”inthegardenonthenorthsideoftheguildhall,decoratedwithstoneinscriptionsofZhuXi’scalligraphyPoemofTravelingintheValleyofCloudswhichwascarvedbyofficialsfromAnhuiprovincesuchasLiHongzhang,BaoYuanshen,HuangYu,Guangxi,etc.Althoughthestoneswerecarvedaccordingtoafalsemodelcalligraphy,theengravingofZhuXi’shandwritingsintheguildhallstillreflectsthepoliticalambitionsoftheAnhuibureaucratswhopursuedthelegacyofthesagesfromthesameprovinceandseekedtomakeacareerandmakeanameinthehistory.
KeyWords:Anhuiguildhall;ZhuXi;stoneinscriptionsofPoemofTravelingintheValleyofClouds;LiHongzhang
如何发挥自然博物馆教育的特点与优势做好“馆校结合”
HowtoPlaytheFeaturesandAdvantagesofNaturalHistoryMuseumEducationfortheCombinationofMuseumandSchool
刘丽李晓丹江雪
LiuLiLiXiaodanJiangXue
(大连自然博物馆,大连,116023)
(DalianNaturalHistoryMuseum,Dalian,116023)
内容提要:教育是博物馆的重要职能,实现馆校结合已成为当代博物馆发展的必然趋势。本文采用文献法和个案研究法,论述了自然博物馆科普教育区别于学校教育的特点与优势,并从国内外博物馆的发展实践中汲取有益经验,总结了发挥自然博物馆优势、做好馆校结合的5种主要方式;认为自然博物馆应坚持开发:基于馆藏资源和科学课程标准的教育活动;基于实践的探究式学习型教育活动;特色化、多样化的教育活动。
关键词:自然博物馆科普教育学校教育馆校结合
Abstract:Educationisanimportantresponsibilityinmuseum.Thecombinationofmuseumandschoolhasbecometheinevitabletrendofcontemporarymuseumdevelopment.Thispaperusesdocumentaryandcasestudymethods,discussesthecharacteristicsandadvantagesofthenaturalhistorymuseumeducation,andfivewaysbasedontheusefulexperiencesfromkindsofmuseums.Itputforwardsthatthemuseumactivitiesshouldbaseonthecollectionresourcesandsciencecurriculumstandard,aswellasthepracticeofinquirybasedlearning,thecharacteristicandwidevarietyactivities.
KeyWords:Naturalhistorymuseum;sciencepopularizationeducation;schooleducation;thecombinationofmuseumandschool
浅析教育学、传播学视角下的博物馆展览策划与实施
——以“我的自然百宝箱”展览为例
AnalysisofPlanningandImplementationofMuseumExhibitioninthePerspectiveof
EducationandCommunication:IntheCaseofMyNaturalTreasureBoxExhibition
刘哲赵妍
LiuZheZhaoYan
(上海自然博物馆,上海,200041)
(ShanghaiNaturalHistoryMuseum,Shanghai,200041)
内容提要:博物馆的理念正在从以“物”为中心转变为以“人”为中心,博物馆的展览在策划过程中也正在将满足公众需求作为一个重要标准。在这样的大背景下,本文从教育学、传播学的角度来分析博物馆展览策划与实施的特点。上海自然博物馆自2016年起就推出“我的自然百宝箱”品牌活动,尝试将教育与展览有机结合,按照“展教合一、以人为中心、寓教于乐”的思路来策划和实施展览,并取得良好的社会效果。本文以“我的自然百宝箱”展览为例,从教育学、传播学的视角提出博物馆在策划和实施展览的过程中,对展览与教育、公众、技术之间的关系提出一些思考和建议。
关键词:教育学传播学博物馆展览研究视角
Abstract:Theconceptofmuseumsischangingfrom“objects”to“people”,and“meetingpublicneeds”isanimportantcriterionintheplanningprocessofmuseumexhibitions.Inthiscontext,thispaperanalyzesthecharacteristicsofmuseumexhibitionplanningandimplementationfromtheperspectivesofpedagogyandcommunication.Since2016,ShanghaiNaturalHistoryMuseumhaslaunchedthebrandactivityMyNaturalTreasureBox,tryingtoorganicallycombineeducationandexhibition.Intheplanningprocess,theexhibitionisplannedandimplementedinaccordancewiththeideaof“integratingexhibitionandteaching,humancentered,teachingthroughentertainment”,andhasachievedgoodsocialeffects.TakingMyNaturalTreasureBoxexhibitionasanexample,thispaperputsforwardsomethoughtsandsuggestionsonhowtodealwiththerelationshipbetweenexhibition,education,publicandtechnologyintheplanningandimplementationofexhibitionfromtheperspectiveofeducationandcommunication.
KeyWords:Pedagogy;communication;museumexhibition;researchperspective
博物馆传播与戏剧手段的运用
TheApplicationofDramaturgyinMuseumCommunication
胡盈
HuYing
(华东师范大学博物馆,上海,200062)
(MuseumofEastChinaNormalUniversity,Shanghai,200062)
关键词:博物馆传播博物馆戏剧戏剧化浸入式戏剧式解说
Abstract:21centuryhaswitnessedpublicparticipationgettingincreasinglyimportanceinmuseumcommunication.Thequiescence,materialityofmuseumenvironmentandthemobility,immaterialityofdramaticartcomplementwitheachother.Theapplicationofdramaturgyinmuseumcommunicationincludes4aspects:thedramatic“immersive”exhibitioninterpretation,theapplicationofdramaelementsinmuseumdesign,thedramaticnarration,andinteractivedramaticeducationprograms.ThediscussioncombinesthelatestinternationaltheoryoftheapplicationofdramaturgyinmuseumsandthesituationofthepreservationofintangibleculturalheritageinChina.
KeyWords:Museumcommunication;museumtheatre(museographicaldramaturgy);immersivedramaexperience;dramaticnarration
展陈托架设计制作中的文物保护
——兼论托架的系统化与模块化设计
ConservationintheDesignandManufactureofSupportinExhibition:
SystematicandModularDesignofExhibitionEquipment
刘彦琪曹宏王伟华路菁
LiuYanqiCaoHongWangWeihuaLuJing
(北京大学考古文博学院,北京,100871)
(SchoolofArchaeologyandMuseology,PekingUniversity,Beijing,100871)
内容提要:本文以北京大学赛克勒考古与艺术博物馆“燕园聚珍:文明的曙光”展几件重点文物的展览托架的设计制作为例,陈述了展览托架的设计理念,及其设计制作过程需要遵守的文物保护原则。进而讨论了展陈托架的系统化、模块化设计,用案例陈述其原理、方法及技术保障。最后讨论了新兴的3D扫描与3D打印技术在特殊类型文物的托架制作中的应用及该技术的优缺点。
关键词:展陈托架设计理念文物保护系统化模块化3D扫描与打印
Abstract:ThispapertakesthedesignandmanufactureofthesupportofseveralkeyculturalrelicsoftheTreasuresfromaSwallowGardenatArthurM.SacklerMuseumofArtandArchaeologyatPekingUniversityasanexample,andstatesthedesignconceptofthesupportinexhibitionandtheprinciplesofPreservationforcollectionsthatmustbeobservedinthedesignandmanufactureprocess.Furthermore,thesystematicandmodulardesignofthesupportwasdiscussed,andtheprinciples,methodsandtechnicalsupportwerepresentedwithcasestudy.Finally,theapplicationofemerging3Dscanningand3Dprintinginthemanufactureofsupportforspecialtypeofcollectionsandtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthistechnologyarediscussed.
KeyWords:Supportinexhibition;designconcept;preservationforcollections;systematic;modular;3Dscanningand3Dprinting
博物馆注册商标维权浅议
ABriefDiscussiononProtectingRightsofMuseumRegisteredTrademarks
王月芳
WangYuefang
(故宫博物院,北京,100009)
(ThePalaceMuseum,Beijing,100009)
内容提要:博物馆商标权是博物馆知识产权的重要组成部分。本文主要论述了博物馆注册商标重要性、维权策略、维权途径等问题,从法律依据和实际操作两个方面对博物馆注册商标维权策略和途径进行了总结和梳理,并对其中的部分内容结合案例进行了说明。
关键词:博物馆注册商标维权
Abstract:Museumtrademarkrightisasignificantcomponentofmuseumintellectualpropertyright.Thisarticlemainlydiscussestheimportanceofmuseumregisteredtrademarks,rightsprotectionstrategies,rightsprotectionwaysandotherissues.Thispapersummarizesandsortsoutthestrategiesandwaysofsafeguardingtherightsofmuseumregisteredtrademarksfromtwoaspectsoflegalbasisandpracticaloperation,andexplainssomeofthecontentsincombinationwithcases.
KeyWords:Museum;registeredtrademark;rightsprotection
博物馆语境下创伤记忆重构
——以南京利济巷慰安所旧址陈列馆为例
TheReconstructionofTraumaticMemoryintheCaseofNanjingMuseumoftheSiteofLijixiangComfortStationsfromtheViewofMuseumContext
孙红芳
SunHongfang
(天津师范大学历史文化学院,天津,300387)
(TianjinNormalUniversity,Tianjin,300387)
从“摇篮”走向大海
——“顺风相送定海湾——沉船文物展”始末
FromCradletotheOcean:TheStoryoftheExhibitionof
ShipwreckCulturalRelicsfromDinghaiBay,Lianjiang,Fujian
栗建安
LiJian’an
(福建博物院文物考古研究所,福州,350001)
(ResearchDepartmentofCulturalRelicsandArchaeology,FujianMuseum,Fuzhou,350001)