ngproductasaresultoffactorandsoonregioncharacteristic,climaticenvironment,mannersandcustomsinfluences,willappearinrawmaterial,thetaste,thecookingmethod,thefoodhabitvaryingdegreedifference.
Waspreciselybecauseofthesedifferences,thediningproducthadtheintenselocalization.
BetweenChinaandtheWestculture’sdifferencehasaccomplishedChinaandtheWestdietculturedifference,butthiskindofdifferenceandgetsalongwithpeoplethephilosophyfromtheWestdifferentthinkingmode.
TheChinesepaysgreatattention“thebeautytounite”,thewesternerpaysgreatattention.
SITTING入席InChina,anybanquet,onlywillhaveoneform,willbeeverybodysitsinacircleallround.
Thebanquetmustusetheroundtable,thisformallyhascreatedonekindofunity,politeness,altogethertheinterestatmosphere.
Thedelicacydelicaciesplaceatableofperson'scenter,itisnotonlytheobjectwhichtableofpeopleappreciate,taste,isalsoatableofpersonsentimentexchangeintermedium.
Westernerstreatwithalongtable,menandwomensitintheowneratbothends,andthentheguestofhonormenandwomeninthepressandthegeneralorderoftheguestsseatingarrangements.
Tableware餐具ChopsticksareusedtoeatmostkindsofChinesefoods.
Holdyourchopstickstowardstheirend,notinthemiddleorthefrontthirdwhendiningwiththem.
Whenyouarenotusingyourchopsticks,orhavefinishedeating,laythemdowninfrontofyouwiththetipstoleft.
Forthemainormeatcurse,theEnglishkeeptheforkinthelefthand,pointcurveddownward,andbringthefoodtothemoutheitherbystickingthepointsontoitorinthecaseofsoftvegetables,byplacingitfirmlyontheforkinthispositionwiththeknife.
TheorderofdishesintheWestDinnerstartwithasmalldish,whichisoftencalledanastarter.
Afterthestarteryouwillgetabowlofsoup.
Thenextdishisthemaincourse,itusuallyisabeefsteak.
Avegetablesaladwillbeserved.
Thenadeliciousdessertwillappearatthetable.
Atlastisacupofteaorcoffee.
TheorderofdishesinChinaThemealusuallybeginswithasetofatleastfourcolddishes,tobefollowedbythemaincoursesofhotmeatandvegetabledishes.
Soupthenwillbeservedtobefollowedbystaplefoodrangingfromrice,noodlestodumplings.
Ifyouwishtohaveyourricetogowithotherdishes,youshouldsaysoingoodtime,formostoftheChinesechoosetohavethestaplefoodatlastorhavenoneofthematall.
MannersintheWest1)Assoonasthehostesspicksuphernapkin,pickyoursupandlayitonyourlap.
Sometimesarollofbreadiswrappedinit;ifso,tokeitourandputitonyoursideplate.
2)TheSoupCourseDinnerusuallybeginswithsoup.
Thelargestspoonatyourplaceisthesoupspoon.
Itwillbebesideyourplateattheright-handside.
3)TheFishCourseIfthereisafishcourse,itwillprobablyfollowthesoup.
Theremaybeaspecialforkforthefish,oritmaybesimilartothemeatfork.
Oftenitissmaller.
4)TheMeatCourseThemainCourseisusuallyservedbythehosthimself,especiallyifitisafowl(鸡禽)oraroastwhichneedtobecarved.
Hewilloftenaskeachguestwhatpieceheprefers,anditisquitepropertostateyourpreferenceastoleanorfat,dark(红肉)orlight(白肉).
5)HelpingYourselfandRefusingIfaservantpassesfoodaround,hewillpassthedishinatyourlefthandsothatyoucanconvenientlyserveyourselfwithyourrighthand.
Neverserveyourselfwhilethedishisonyourright;itisthentheturnofyourneighborontheright.
Itispolitetotakesomeofeverythingthatispassedtoyou.
Butifthereissomethingyoumaynotlike,youmayquietlysay:“Nothankyou.
“6)VariousrulesandSuggestionsSitupstraightonyourchair;Donotputmuchfoodinyourmouthatatime;Drinkonlywhenthereisnofoodinyourmouth;Trynottogetintoyourmouthanythingthatwillhavetobetakenout;Donotmakeanynosewhenyoueat;Donotcleanyourteethatthetableoranywhereinpublic,eitherwithyourfingeroratoothpick(牙签),notevenwithyoutongue.
IbelievetheChinesefoodisfamousaroundtheworld.中国饮食在世界上是很有名的。
AndifyouareinChinaandyouareaskedbyyourChinesefriendtoadinner,youmaywanttoknowhowtopickupyourseatatthetableandwhatistheproperwaytositatthetable.假如你来到中国，中国朋友请你吃饭，你就需要了解一下有关宴会中的座次问题。
Well,normallythisseatistheseatforthehostorthehostess.这个位子一般是主位，是主人的.。
Theseatisfacingthedoorofthisroom.这个位子面朝着门。(面朝着门的一般是主位。)
Onemayalsodistinguishtheseatsatthetablefromthestyleinwhichthenapkinsarefolded.也可以根据餐巾的样式来辨别座位。
Regardlessofhowthenapkinsarearranged.，thetallestarrangementwillalwayscorrespondtothemasterseat.无论餐巾折成什么样式，最高的餐巾对应的座位，一定是主位。
Atthesmalltable,atableforfouroffive,theseatrightacrossofthehostseat,theseatoverthere,thebackofwhichisfacingthedooristheseatforthemainguest.一张坐四五个人的小桌子，与主人的座位相对应的背对着门的那个位置则是被邀请的主客坐的位置。
Butusuallyofcourse,whenit’sabiggertable,atablefortenortwelve,anditisnoteasyforhostorhostesstalkingwiththemainguest,rightacrossthetablelikerightacrosstheoceanandtheycanjustsitsidebysidewhichcanmakeiteasierforthemtotalk.
当然如果桌子大一点的时候，比如说可以坐十到十二个人的桌子，由于主人和客人说话不太方便，跨越桌子就像跨越一片大海一样，所以他们可以挨着坐，这种情况下是可以挨着坐的，这样坐主人和客人说话更方便一些。
bothsidesgetall-rounddisplaytutelage.
Mustwaituntilallthepeopleherecanbeginanyformofdiningactivities-evenifsomeonewaslate,willhavetowait.Onceyouareready,theycandothehost.OpeningDuringdinner,thehostmustassumeaactiverole-urgedguestsenjoyeatinganddrinkingiscompletelyreasonable.
Onformalbanquetdishesontheway,liketheprojectedslides,everytimeadish.Surprisingly,riceisnotwithdishesisalexandrine,butcanchoosetoeat.Becausedisheshavedistinguishingfeatureeach,shouldindividualtaste,andonlyeatoncefromabowl,notamixedtaste.Donotuseabowldish,caneat.Bonesandshellsclassonindividualplate.Don'tcleandishesmustoftenusecleanplateisreplaced.
AChineserestaurantifnoteatableandcallnoformal.Therefore,asstoragevarietiesofteaiswisepractices,ensurethemostastutetastealsocareto.Relevantteaproblem,shouldpayattentiontoseveralpiecesofkeythings.SeatshouldberesponsiblefortherecentteapotforothersandyourselfZhenCha-accordingtoage,ZhenChaorderbytheelderstotheyouth,lastpour.WhensomebodyelseforyouZhenCha,protocolshouldusefingerstoknocktable,doingsoistothanktheZhenChaandrespect.
Certainfoodscanmovechopstickseyes
ZhenChaorderisveryexquisite,young,longafterfirstafterfirstfemalemale
Tabledecoration
Thedecorationofdailymealsinvariousseatingisputonabowl,apairofchopsticks,aspoon,adiscofsauces,withmealwillusuallygiveguestsahottowel,insteadofpapertowelwipehandandwipeyourmouth.Allthedishesonthetablewhile,eachwiththeirowncentraldirectlyfromeachdiscchopstickssharedishesclipfood;Theendofapotofsoupinapot,eachwithdrinksoup.Guestscancomewhenabsolutebecamearecruitflylikeacrosstheriver,clipondistantdishes.AstheChinesepeoplelikeallsharedishes,theirtablemostisacircleorsquare,ratherthanwesternersmulti-purposelongbartable.
ChinatablemannerssummarizingChinesetableetiquetteattributedthefollowing:
A.Seated.Firstguesttableetiquetteinplease.Banquetonyourseatbesidetheeldersinturntable,seatedgueststoyourseatfromthechairleftafterentering.Don'tmovechopsticks.Themoredon'tgetwhatnoise.Don'twalkup.Ifyouhaveanythingtomastergreeting.
Second,dinnerguest,elderly.Firstwhenmovingchopsticks.Clipvegetableseveryless.Fromhisfarofdishesateless.Eatdon'tdrinkthesoupavoice.Alsodon'tmakeanoise,drinksoupspoonnibblethedrinkthebowl.Unfavorabletohermouth,thedrinksouptoohotdrinkagainlaterwhencold.Don'tblowsips.Somewhilemaneatsliketousetochewfood.Especiallyhardtochewfood,issuedaveryclearcrispvoice.Thispracticeoftheetiquetterequiresisnotdine.Especiallyandall,willtrytopreventthiskindofphenomenon.
Third:dinehiccups,don'tdon'tappearothervoice,ifappearsneezing,suchassoundinvoluntarilysatisfactory,willsayI'msorry.;I'msorry;Cool.please.thewordsofapology.Toshowwithin.
Thefourth;IfyouwanttogiveaguestoreldersBuCai.Thecommissions.the.CanalsoGongKuaifromguestoreldersfardishescametothem,byourChinesenationhabit.Foodisaaupwards.Ifthetable,theoldman,theguestleadershiphavecomeupanewword.Wheneveritpleasethemwhendishcanfirstmovechopsticks.Ortaketurnspleasethemfirstmovechopsticksforthem.Toshowtheattention.
在法国，游客应该注意双手放置的位置。
不使用餐具时，应该把自己的手腕或前臂放在桌子上，胳膊肘处则不需要。
切忌将手放在其他人看不到的地方，比如腿上。
在德国,，无论是在慕尼黑啤酒节上还是任何餐馆内，吃土豆时的礼仪要多加注意。
应该用餐叉把马铃薯捣碎，而不能用刀具切。
用刀切土豆意味着认为土豆没有做熟。
西班牙是英国游客最喜爱的旅游地点，用餐时切记：吃饭结束后不可马上起身离开。
对于那些正在英国游玩的旅客，应当注意：吃芦笋时应该用手从茎尾拿着吃，不可使用刀叉将芦笋切断。
在日本，吃米饭时筷子的摆放一定要注意!不恰当的摆放方式会被认为可能带来坏运。
不用筷子时，应该将筷子水平放于桌子上。
切记不要直立插于碗里，在日本这是佛教葬礼仪式上祭奠死者的做法。
在匈牙利，用啤酒干杯是不恰当的。
而在泰国，用餐叉将食物送进嘴里则被认为是粗鲁，正确方法应该是用餐叉将食物放进勺子中，再通过勺子将食物送进嘴中。
英国：左手持叉，右手持刀，说话时嘴里塞满了食物。
若要添菜，可将餐叉朝下，置于盘上。
取走盘中最后一份食物，若盘中留下一人份时，可考虑分而食之。
日本：吃饭大声咂吧，在日本被视为礼貌之举。
自己倒饮料，食客为彼此倒饮料，才符合传统习俗。
泰国：饭局其实是个社交场合，最有钱的那个自然会买单。
将筷子插在碗中，那很不吉利。
墨西哥：等主人说完“用餐愉快”(BuenProvecho)后，再开始吃喝。
准时赴宴，迟到30分钟以上，并不为过。
中东：用餐时保持安静，用左手递食物。
德国：取食时，能切多大切多大，在德国，这意在称赞厨师技艺高超，做出的料理入口即化。
吃沙拉时切生菜，食客不妨用餐叉叉起食用。
蒙古：持杯时，手掌朝上，将牛奶或乳制品洒在地上。
蒙古人认为，这会带来厄运。
肯尼亚：餐前洗手，餐桌上甚至备有洗手盆。
抢在最老的男性长辈前用餐，要知道，家中最老的男性长辈享有优先用餐权。
智利：邀请女士先入座。
手持刀叉，与他人交谈。
去全球各地旅游呢，吃喝住行，吃排第一，入乡随俗并不是一件容易的事，各国文化差异可不小，尤其是在饭桌上。
吃什么，怎么吃都是问题。以下是小编为大家提供的各国餐桌礼仪，希望大家能够了解一下不同国家餐桌礼仪。
当然,中国的餐桌上的主要区别是筷子而不是刀叉,但这只是表面现象。此外,在体面的餐厅,你可以要求一副刀叉,如果你发现筷子不够有用。真正的区别在于,在西方,你有自己的板的食品,在中国菜放在桌子上,每个人的股份。如果你对待一个正式的晚宴,特别是如果主人认为你在这个国家第一次,他会做最好的给你的许多不同类型的菜肴。
这顿饭通常始于一组至少有四个冷盘,紧随其后的是主菜的热肉和蔬菜。汤然后将服务(除非在广东风格的餐馆)将从主食米饭,面条,饺子。如果你想拥有你的大米去与其他菜,你应该及时这么说,对大多数中国人选择主食最后或没有。
也许让西方游客感到最惊奇的事情之一是,一些中国东道主喜欢把食物放在客人的盘子。在正式晚宴,总有“public”为此筷子和勺子,但一些虚拟主机可以用自己的筷子。这是一个真正的`友谊和礼貌的迹象。总是有礼貌的吃食物。如果你不吃它,只是把盘子里的食物。
中国人倾向于over-order食物,因为他们会发现它令人尴尬的如果所有的食品消费。当你有足够的,就这么说。否则你会总是暴饮暴食!
Chinesetablemannersoffamilieshavenointrinsicqualityeventherearedifferentregionandposition.Nomatterthreemealsadayorguest’sarrival,alwaysbowlswithchopsticks,foodwithsoup.Thereisnoruleforhowtoputthetableware.Whatpeoplecareaboutmorearenotthegorgeoustablewarebutthesumptuousfood.People’sdiningpositionreflectsthemostobviousetiquetteofChinesetablemanners.Inancientsociety,menaresupreme,andwomenarenotallowedtositwithmenonthesametable.Althoughthisismodernsociety,thiskindofancientetiquettestillremains.TodayinChina,thephenomenonthatmensitonthetablebeforewomencanbefoundeverywhere.Themasterofafamilyusuallysitsonthefirst-classseat.Thefirst-classseatisusuallyneartheinteriorofaroomfacingtothedoor.Oncethereisaguest,themasterwillofferthefirst-classseattotheguestpolitely.Ifitisanordinarymealoffamily,familiesshouldstartaftertheelder.Ifthereisaguest,themasterofferthefoodtotheguestisessentialfromthebeginningtotheend.Andthetraditionofurgingotherstodrinkisalsoaspecialphenomenon.
中国就餐举止家庭中国就餐举止没有内在质量甚而那里是另外区域并且安置。
问题三饭食每天或客人的到来，总不滚保龄球与筷子，食物用汤。
没有规则为了怎样能投入碗筷。
什么人关心关于更多是没有华美的碗筷，而是奢侈食物。
人的用餐的位置反射中国就餐举止最明显的礼节。
在古老社会，人是至尊，并且妇女不允许坐与人在同一张桌。
虽然这是现代社会，这种古老礼节仍然依然存在。
今天在中国，人坐桌的现象，在妇女可以找到到处之前。
家庭的大师通常坐头等位子。
头等位子通常在面对对门的屋子的内部附近。
一旦有客人，大师为客人将礼貌地提供头等位子。
如果它是家庭一顿普通的膳食，家庭应该在长辈以后开始。
如果有客人，主要提议食物对客人对末端从开始是根本的。
并且敦促其他的传统喝也是一种特别现象。
TableManners
ThemaindifferencebetweenChineseandwesterneatinghabitsisthatunliketheWest,whereeveryonehastheirownplateoffood,inChinathedishesareplacedonthetableandeverybodyshares.IfyouarebeingtreatedbyaChinesehost,bepreparedforatonoffood.Chineseareveryproudoftheircultureofcuisineandwilldotheirbesttoshowtheirhospitality.
AndsometimestheChinesehostusetheirchopstickstoputfoodinyourbowlorplate.Thisisasignofpoliteness.Theappropriatethingtodowouldbetoeatthewhatever-it-isandsayhowyummyitis.Ifyoufeeluncomfortablewiththis,youcanjustsayapolitethankyouandleavethefoodthere.
EatingNo-no's
Don'tstickyourchopsticksuprightinthericebowl.Instead,laythemonyourdish.Thereasonforthisisthatwhensomebodydies,theshrinetothemcontainsabowlofsandorricewithtwosticksofincensestuckuprightinit.Soifyoustickyourchopsticksinthericebowl,itlookslikethisshrineandisequivalenttowishingdeathuponapersonatthetable!
Makesurethespoutoftheteapotisnotfacinganyone.Itisimpolitetosettheteapotdownwherethespoutisfacingtowardssomebody.Thespoutshouldalwaysbedirectedtowherenobodyissitting,usuallyjustoutwardfromthetable.
Don'ttaponyourbowlwithyourchopsticks.Beggarstapontheirbowls,sothisisnotpolite.Also,whenthefoodiscomingtooslowinarestarant,peoplewilltaptheirbowls.Ifyouareinsomeone'shome,itislikeinsultingthecook.
Drinking
GanBei!(Cheers!“GanBei”literallymeans“dry[the]glass”)Besidesbeer,theofficialChinesealcoholicbeverageisBaiJiu,high-proofChineseliquormadefromassortedgrains.TherearevaryingdegreesofBaiJiu.TheBeijingfavoriteiscalledErGuoTou,whichisawhopping56%alcohol.MoreexpensiveareMaotaiandWuliangye.
Ofcourse,themaindifferenceontheChinesedinnertableischopsticksinsteadofknifeandfork,butthat’sonlysuperficial.Besides,indecentrestaurants,youcanalwaysaskforapairofknifeandfork,ifyoufindthechopsticksnothelpfulenough.TherealdifferenceisthatintheWest,youhaveyourownplateoffood,whileinChinathedishesareplacedonthetableandeveryoneshares.Ifyouarebeingtreatedtoaformaldinnerandparticularlyifthehostthinksyou’reinthecountryforthefirsttime,hewilldothebesttogiveyouatasteofmanydifferenttypesofdishes.
Themealusuallybeginswithasetofatleastfourcolddishes,tobefollowedbythemaincoursesofhotmeatandvegetabledishes.Soupthenwillbeserved(unlessinGuangdongstylerestaurants)tobefollowedbystaplefoodrangingfromrice,noodlestodumplings.Ifyouwishtohaveyourricetogowithotherdishes,youshouldsaysoingoodtime,formostoftheChinesechoosetohavethestaplefoodatlastorhavenoneofthematall.
PerhapsoneofthethingsthatsurprisesaWesternvisitormostisthatsomeoftheChinesehostsliketoputfoodintotheplatesoftheirguests.Informaldinners,therearealways“public”chopsticksandspoonsforthispurpose,butsomehostsmayusetheirownchopsticks.Thisisasignofgenuinefriendshipandpoliteness.Itisalwayspolitetoeatthefood.Ifyoudonoteatit,justleavethefoodintheplate.PeopleinChinatendtoover-orderfood,fortheywillfinditembarrassingifallthefoodisconsumed.Whenyouhavehadenough,justsayso.Oryouwillalwaysovereat!
Differenceoftableetiquettebetweeneasternandwesterncultures.
Therearedifferencesandsimilaritiesbetweentheetiquetteattablebetweentheeasternandwesterncultures.Toraiseafewexamples,wecouldtalkaboutthedifferencesofbothcultures.Westernerswouldusesilverwaresuchasforks,knivesandsoupspoons,whicharemadeofstainlesssteel.Easternerswouldusechopsticksandsoupspoons.IncertainpartofSouthernAsia,peopleeatwiththeirhands.
Dinnertableandtableseatingarrangementsaredifferentbetweenthetwocustoms.Thedinnertableforthewestismostlyrectanglewhiletheeastisround.
Inaddition,therearedifferencesinthewaysfoodsareservedbetweenthetwocultures,thewesternersservedinnerbycoursesandonecourse,orplate,isservedafteranother.Eachpersonhashisownchoiceorportionofhisfoodsservedseparately.However,theeasternculture,ortheChineseculture,hasthefoodsservedverymuchatthesametimeandtheyarenotservedseparatelytoeachindividually.Therefore,inaChinesemeal,thefoodsaresharedamongthepeopleatthetable.Itisconsideredbadmannerforapersontousehischopsticksturningfoodsinaplateupsidedowntopickwhathelikes.
Asforthesimilarities,bothcultureswouldconsiderimpoliteforapersontoputhiselbowsonthetableortotalkwithfoodsinhismouth.
东西方文化之间不同的餐桌礼仪
有礼仪之间的相同点与不同点在东西方文化之间的表。
提高几个例子,我们可以谈论两种文化的差异。
西方人会用银器如叉、刀和汤勺,这是不锈钢做的。
东方人用筷子和汤勺。
在南亚的某些部分,人们用手吃。
餐桌和表之间的座位安排是不同的两个海关。
西方的餐桌大多是矩形,而东方是圆的`。
此外,还有不同的食物是两种文化之间的服务方式,西方人上菜的课程和一门课,或板,是服务。
每个人都有自己的选择,或者单独一部分他的食物。
然而,东方文化,中国文化,同时很有服务的食物,他们不是每个单独分开。
因此,中餐,食物是人民之间共享在桌子上。
是被认为是一种不好的人用他的筷子把食物在盘子里倒挑选他喜欢的东西。
至于相似之处,两种文化会考虑礼貌的一个人把两肘支在桌上或跟嘴里的食物。
“Sittingceremony”
Ifabanquetisheldinthehostsposition,thehostandhostessshouldsitinthemiddleofthelongtableandsitfacetoface.Astheowneryouwanttoinviteallthegueststositdownonebyone,andontheinvitationorderseated,thefirstarrangementshouldbeseatedVIPpositioninthemalecompanion,theowneroftherighthandside,sittingintheVIPhostessright.
Ifthereisnoparticulardifferencebetweenthesubjectandtheobject,unlesstheelderspresent,theymustbecourteous,otherwisetheladiescanbegeneroustoadvanceintotheseat,apolitegentlemanshouldalsobeothergirlsaftersitdown,thensitin.
Whenyougoouttoeat,youcantavoidcarryingbags.Youshouldputthebagbetweenthebackandthebackofthechair,insteadofjustputtingitonthetableoronthefloor.Aftersitdowntomaintainthecorrectposture,butalsodonothavetolikeastiffwood,andkeeptheproperdistancewiththetable.
Havetoleaveinthemiddleofthetable,withpeoplesayhelloisabsolutelynecessary,butalsomenshouldstanduptoshowpoliteness,eveniftheseatisleftbytheelderorladymustalsohelptractorseat.
Afterthemealiscompleted,mustmasterofmenandwomenleft,otherpeoplecanstartoff.
Relatedtotheuseofthenapkin,everyonemustwaitaftersitdown,theycanuse.Afterthenapkinisspreadout,itshouldbelaidflatonyourlap.Dontputitinyourcollar,becausethethreeyearoldgirlmaybeverycute,butitwillbeabittoobadforthethirteenyearold.
Inaddition,themainfunctionofthenapkinistopreventfoodfromdirtyclothes,andwipeofftheoilstainsonthelipsandhands.Pleasedontwipeyournosewhenyouforgettobringtissue,becauseitisneitherelegantnorsanitary.
Somepeoplemayworryaboutthesanitationofthetableware,soitisveryimpolitetousethenapkintowipethetableware,whichcancausetheembarrassmentoftherestaurantorthehost.Afteryouhavefinishedeating,youshouldfoldyournapkinandputitonthetablebeforeyouleave.
IntheorderoftheuseofknivesandforksinWesternfood,theprincipleisfromoutsidetoinside.Firstusethecutleryplacedontheoutermostsideofthedinnerplate,anduseaknifeandforkaftereachmeal.Aftereating,theknifeandforksitsidebysideinthemiddleoftheplate,andthewaiterwilltaketheinitiativetotaketheplateaway.Besidesbeingusedforcuttingfood,dishesarealsousedtomovefood,becauseitisimpolitetoturnplatesonformaloccasions.
PeoplewhogotoaformalWesterndinnerpartyforthefirsttimemaybesurprisedbytablemannersinWesternculture.Knowingthemwillhelpyoumakeagoodimpression.Havinggoodtablemannersmeansknowing,forexample,howtouseknivesandforks,whentodrinkatoastandhowtobehaveatthetable.Besideyournapkinyouwillfindasmallbreadrollandthreeglasses—oneforwhitewine,onefortheredwine,andoneforwater.Therearetwopairsofknivesandforksonthetable,forksontheleftandknivesintherightoftheplate.Whenyouseetwospoons,thebigoneidforthesuopandthesamlloneforthedessert.Theknifeandforkthatareclosesttoyourplatearealittebitbiggerthantheonesbesidethem.Whenyousitdownatthetable,youcantakeyournapkin,unfolditandputitonyourlap.InChineseyousometimegetahot,dampclothtocleanyourfaceandfaceandhands,whinch,however,isnatthecustominWesterncountries.
Dinnerstartwithasmalldish,whichisoftencalledastarter.Simepeoplepraybeforetheystarteating,andotherpeoplemaykeepsilentforamoment.Thenyoucansay“Enjoyyourmeal”toeachotherandeverybodystarteating.Forthestarter,whichyoueatwiththesmallerpair,youkeeptheknifeinyourrighthandandtheforkinyourleft.Afterthestarteryouwillgetabowlofsoup—butonlyoneboelofsoupandneveraskforaseconfserving.
Thenextdishisthemaincourse.ManyWesternersthinkthechickenbreastwithitstenderwhitefleshisthebestpartofthebird.Somepeoplecanusetheirfingerswhentheyeatingchickenorotherbirds,butnevertouchbeeforothermeatinbones.Itispolitetofinisheatingeverthingonyourplate,sodonttakemorefoodthanyouneed.
Attable,youshouldtrytospeakquietlyandsmilealot,butdonotlaughallthetime.
MostWesternerslikesoftdrinkiftheywilldrivehome.Manyofthemdrinkwhiteorredwinewiththefood.Whendrinkingtosomeoneshealth,youraiseyourglasses,buttheglassesshouldnottouch.ThecustomoftoastinginsomepartsofChinaistofinishthedrinkatonce,butWesternersusuallytakeonlyasip.Fordrinkingduringadinner,thebestadvicisnevertodrinktoomuch.
Tablemannerschangeovertime.Theyfollowthefashionoftheday.Beside,tablemannersareonlyimportantatformaldinnerparties.Ifyourenotsurewhattodo,youcanalwaysfollowyourhosts.Althoughgoodmannersalwaysmakeyoulookgood,youdonotneedtoworryaboutalltheseruleswhilehavingdinnerwithyourfriendsorfamily.
TherearealotofthesameplacebetweentablemannersinmodernChinaandancienttimes.Butinsomesmallplacesithaschanged
becauseofwesterninfluence.Theseatingorderisthesameaswesterndinneretiquette,thefirstchiefguestsitrighttothehost,theotherguestsitinthehost’sleftorrightofthefirstchiefguest.Dependsonthespecificsituationitisflexible.
Thehostshouldservemealstartfromtheguestsontheright,thefirstischiefguestserve,thanthehost,firstfemaleguest,afterthegentlemen.Teaisnotthesameimportantasbefore.Peoplesometimesuseotherdrinkslikewineinsteadoftea.Wineglasscan’tbepouredtoofull.Itstillmaintainingthetraditionalorderoffood,servecoldfoodthanthehotfood,atlast,therearedesertandfruit.Iftherearewholechicken,duck,fishandotherplasticdishes,theheadofthemshould
nottailtowardthechiefguest.Theseprogramscannotonlymakethewholeprocessofaharmoniousandorderly,butalsomaketheidentityofhostandguestclearlyandeasyforemotionalexpressionand
communication.Therefore,thetablemannerscanmakefeastsactivitiessuccessfully.
Chinahasalonghistoryandanexcellentculturewhichisoneofthemostextensiveandprofoundculturesintheworld.TablemannerisanimportantpartoftheChineseculture.Thereisanoldsayinggoes,“Breadisthestalloflife”.Infact,diningisnotonlytomeetthe
basicphysiologicalneeds,butalsokeystepofsocialcontacttoclosetherelationshipbetweenpeople.Underdifferentperiodanddifferentsocialbackgrounds,tablemannersaredifferent.Therearemanyreasonsbehindthedifference.
Accordingtoliteraturerecords,eatingetiquettehasformedasetofquiteperfectsysteminZhou
Ofcourse,chopsticksinsteadthemaindifferenceontheChinesedinnertableisofknifeandfork,butthatsonlysuperficial.Besides,indecentrestaurants,youcanalwaysaskforapairofknifeandfork,ifyoufindthechopsticksnothelpfulenough.
TherealdifferenceisthatintheWest,youhaveyourownplateoffood,whileinChinathedishesareplacedonthetableandeveryoneshares.Ifyouarebeingtreatedtoaformaldinnerandparticularlyifthehostthinksyoureinthecountryforthefirsttime,hewilldothebesttogiveyouatasteofmanydifferenttypesofdishes.
Themealusuallybeginswithasetofatleastfourcolddishes,tobefollowedbythemaincoursesofhotmeatandvegetabledishes.Soupthenwillbeserved(unlessinGuangdongstylerestaurants)tobefollowedbystaplefoodrangingfromrice,noodlestodumplings.
PerhapsoneofthethingsthatsurprisesaWesternvisitormostisthatsomeoftheChinesehostsliketoputfoodintotheplatesoftheirguests.Informaldinners,therearealways“public”chopsticksandspoonsforthispurpose,butsomehostsmayusetheirownchopsticks.Thisisasignofgenuinefriendshipandpoliteness.Itisalwayspolitetoeatthefood.Ifyoudonoteatit,justleavethefoodintheplate.
PeopleinChinatendtoover-orderfood,fortheywillfinditembarrassingifallthefoodisconsumed.Whenyouhavehadenough,justsayso.Oryouwillalwaysovereat!
TheAmericansaremuchinlovewithfood.ThisispartofbeingAmericantoo.BaseballisAmericansnationalpastime1,butwhatsaballgamewithouthotdogs,peanuts2andCrackerJacks(sweetenedpopcorn3)HollywoodisAmericassymbolofglamour4andexcitementallovertheworld,butwhowouldwatchamovieinAmericawithoutaskingforanextralargebagofpopcornAndtheastronautstookinstantorangedrink[Tang]withthem.
Americansloveallkindsoffood,Italian,Chinese,Mexican,Greek,French,Japaneseandmanyothers.TheAmericansareinfact
“TheUNofFood.”
TogetfamiliarwiththeAmericaneatingcustom,onemustknowtwothings.First,onemustknowthesequence5ofservice.Thereissomethingspecialintermsofthesequence,ororder,ofdishserviceinAmericacomparedwithours.Hereistheorder:
1.Aperitif6—asmallcupofalcoholicdrinktoincreaseonesappetite7.Thehostorhostesswillask:“Doyoulikeacupofaperitif”
2.Horsdoeuvre8—sometastyfoodofferedinsmallquantitiesatthebeginningofameal.
3.Appetizer—orcalledstarter,itisasmallservingofjuice,fruitorseafoodorsomethingelse,atthebeginningofameal,tostimulate9peoplesappetite.
4.Nowthemaincourseisunderway:
a)Soup—itisusuallythefirstcourseinadinner.
b)Fish—itisusuallyservedafterthesoupandbeforetheentree10inaformalmeal.
c)Entree—thethirdcourseofameal,generallyitismadeupofahotmeat.
d)Savory11—thelastcourseinaformalmeal,itissomethingpleasanttoeatbutwithasaltyratherthansweettaste.
5.Dessert12—sweetfoodservedtowardtheendofameal,usuallyitisapudding,chocolatecake,orcheeseandbiscuitssometimes.
6.Coffee—thatsthelaststageinaformalpresent-dayEuropeanandAmericandinner.Itsservedeitherattableorinthelivingroom.
Inafamilytreatment,theabove-mentionedNo1-3stagemaybeomitted13,thoughNo4istheessentialpart.Andthemaincoursegenerallyincludesnomorethan5dishesofnutrient14food.Ostentation15isneverunderconsideration.
AnotherthingtomentionisthatservingoneselffromonesownplateispopularinEuropeandAmerica,exceptforthesoupandbreadwhichistakenandenjoyedaccordingtoonesneed.
ThesecondonewemustknowabouttheAmericaneatingcustomisthetaboosattable.
(1)Dontcircleyourplatewithyourarm.Ifyoudoso,youwillbecomethefocus16ofthetable.Everyonewouldwonder:“Isthereanythingwrongwiththefood”Thismaygiveafalsemessagethatyoudontlikethefoodorsomethinglikethat.
(2)Dontpushtheplatebackwhenfinished.Leaveitwhereitwas.Doyoumeantoremind17thehostessthatyouvejustcompletedalabor
(3)Dontlean18backandannouncethat“Imthrough”or“Imstuffed19.”Justputtheforkandknifequietlyacrosstheplate,thatsall.
(4)Dontcutupeverythingbeforeyoustarttoeat.Cutonlyoneortwobites20atatime.
(5)Nevertakehugemouthfulsofanything.DoyoumeantoshowhowhungryyouareDontdothat!Begentlemanlikeorladylike.
(6)Dontcrook21yourfingerwhenpickingupacuporglass.Thatlookstooaffected22,farfromladylike!
(7)Neverweartoomuchlipstick23tothetable.Itmaystainthenapkins24andlookgaudy25andembarrassingontherims26ofthecuporglass.
(8)Itsneveracceptabletoreachacrossthetableforanything(aservingdish,forexample).Iftheitemyouwantisnotathand,simplyaskforthenearestpersonforhelp,like“Mrs.Smith,wouldyoumindpassingmethebutter(oradish)”
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