Forthispart，youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayonhowtobalancejobresponsibilitiesandpersonalinterests。Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words。
第2题
urheadatacolleague’sagonyoveradecisionwhentheansweriscrystal-clear,there’sascientificreasonbehindit.Ourowndecision-makingabilitiescanbecomedepletedoverthecourseofthedaycausingindecisionorpoorchoices,butchoosingonbehalfofsomeoneelseisanenjoyabletaskthatdoesn’tsufferthesamepitfalls.Theproblemis“decisionfatigue,”apsychologicalphenomenonthatonthequalityofyourchoicesafteralongdayofdecisionmaking,saysEvanPolman,aleadingpsychologist.
Physicianswhohavebeenonthejobforseveralhours,forexample,aremorelikelytoprescribeantibioticstopatientswhenit’sunwisetodoso.“Presumablyit’sbecauseit’ssimpleandeasytowriteaprescriptionandconsiderapatientcaseclosedratherthaninvestigatefurther,”Polmansays.
Butdecisionfatiguegoesawaywhenyouaremakingthedecisionforsomeoneelse.Whenpeopleimaginethemselvesasadvisersandimaginetheirownchoicesasbelongingtosomeoneelse,theyfeellesstiredandrelylessondecisionshortcutstomakethosechoices.“Bytakingupontheroleofadviserratherthandecisionmaker,onedoesnotsuffertheconsequencesofdecisionfatigue,”hesays.“It’sasifthere’ssomethingfunandliberatingaboutmakingsomeoneelse’schoice.”
Gettinginputfromothersnotonlyoffersafreshperspectiveandthoughtprocess,itoftenalsoincludesriskierchoices.Whilethissoundsundesirable,itcanbequitegood,saysPolman.“Whenpeopleexperiencedecisionfatigue—whentheyaretiredofmakingchoices—theyhaveatendencytochoosetogowiththestatusquo(现状),hesays.Butthestatusquocanbeproblematic,sinceachangeinthecourseofactioncansometimesbeimportantandleadtoapositiveoutcome.”
Inordertoachieveasuccessfuloutcomeorreward,somelevelofriskisalmostalwaysessential.“Peoplewhoaresusceptibletodecisionfatiguewilllikelychoosetodonothingoversomething,”hesays.“That’snottosaythatriskisalwaysgood,butitisrelatedtotakingaction,whereasdecisionfatigueassuredlyleadstoinactionandthepossiblechagrin(懊恼)ofadecisionmakerwhomightotherwisepreferanewcoursebutisunfortunatelyhindered.”
Justbecauseyoucanmakegoodchoicesforothersdoesn’tmeanyou’lldothesameforyourself,Polmancautions.“Researchhasfoundthatwomennegotiatehighersalariesforothersthantheydoforthemselves,”hesays,addingthatpeopleslipinandoutofdecisionroles.
Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutpeoplemakingdecisions
A.Theymaybecomeexhaustedbymakingtoomanydecisionsforthemselves.
B.Theyaremorecautiousinmakingdecisionsforothersthanforthemselves.
C.Theytendtomakedecisionsthewaytheythinkadvantageoustothem.
D.Theyshowconsiderabledifferencesintheirdecision-makingabilities.
Whatdoestheexampleaboutthephysiciansillustrate
A.Patientsseldomreceiveduecaretowardstheendoftheday.
B.Prescriptionofantibioticscanbeharmfultopatients’health.
C.Decisionfatiguemaypreventpeoplemakingwisedecisions.
D.Medicaldoctorsareespeciallysusceptibletodecisionfatigue.
Whendopeoplefeellessdecisionfatigue
A.Whentheytakedecisionshortcuts.
B.Whentheyhelpotherstomakedecisions.
C.Whentheyhavemajordecisionstomake.
D.Whentheyhaveadviserstoturnto.
Whatarepeoplelikelytodowhendecisionfatiguesetsin
A.Theyturntophysiciansforadvice.
B.Theytendtomakeriskydecisions.
C.Theyadoptatotallynewperspective.
D.Theyrefrainfromtryinganythingnew.
Whatdoesthepassagesayabouttakingsomeriskindecisionmaking
A.Itisvitalforonetoreachthegoaldesired.
B.Itislikelytoentailseriousconsequences.
C.Itwillenablepeopletobemorecreative.
D.Itwillmoreoftenthannotendinregret.
请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！
第3题
ones.Now,theonlyapparentcosttotakinginfinitephotosofsomethingascommonasamealisthespaceonyourharddriveandyourdiningcompanion&39;spatience.
Butisthereanothercost,adeepercost,todocumentingalifeexperienceinsteadofsimplyenjoyingit"Youhearthatyoushouldn&39;ttakeallthesephotosandinterrupttheexperience,andit&39;sbadforyou,andwe&39;renotlivinginthepresentmoment,"saysKristinDiehl,associateprofessorofmarketingattheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniaMarshallSchoolofBusiness.
Diehlandherfellowresearcherswantedtofindoutifthatwastrue,sotheyembarkedonaseriesofnineexperimentsinthelabandinthefieldtestingpeople&39;senjoymentinthepresenceorabsenceofacamera.Theresults,publishedintheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology,surprisedthem.Takingphotosactuallymakespeopleenjoywhatthey&39;redoingmore,notless.
"Whatwefindisyouactuallylookattheworldslightlydifferently,becauseyou&39;relookingforthingsyouwanttocapture,thatyoumaywanttohangonto,"Diehlexplains."Thatgetspeoplemoreengagedintheexperience,andtheytendtoenjoyitmore."
Takesightseeing.Inoneexperiment,nearly200participantsboardedadouble-deckerbusforatourofPhiladelphia.Bothbustoursforbadetheuseofcellphonesbutonetourprovideddigitalcamerasandencouragedpeopletotakephotos.Thepeoplewhotookphotosenjoyedtheexperiencesignificantlymore,andsaidtheyweremoreengaged,thanthosewhodidn&39;t.
Snappingaphotodirectsattention,whichheightensthepleasureyougetfromwhateveryou&39;relookingat,Diehlsays.Itworksforthingsasboringasarchaeological(考古的)museums,wherepeopleweregiveneye-trackingglassesandinstructedeithertotakephotosornot."Peoplelooklongeratthingstheywanttophotograph,"Diehlsays.Theyreportlikingtheexhibitsmore,too.
TothereliefofInstagrammers(Instagram用户)everywhere,itcanevenmakesmealsmoreenjoyable.Whenpeoplewereencouragedtotakeatleastthreephotoswhiletheyatelunch,theyweremoreimmersedintheirmealsthanthosewhoweren&39;ttoldtotakephotos.
WasitthesatisfyingclickofthecameraThephysicalactofthesnapNo,theyfound;justtheactofplanningtotakeaphoto—andnotactuallytakingit—hadthesamejoy-boostingeffect."Ifyouwanttotakementalphotos,thatworksthesameway,"Diehlsays."Thinkingaboutwhatyouwouldwanttophotographalsogetsyoumoreengaged."
Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutphoto-takinginthepast
A.Itwasapainstakingeffortforrecordinglife’smajorevents.
B.Itwasaluxurythatonlyafewwealthypeoplecouldenjoy.
C.Itwasagoodwaytopreserveone’spreciousimages.
D.Itwasaskillthatrequiredlotsofpracticetomaster.
KristinDiehlconductedaseriesofexperimentsonphoto-takingtofindout__________.A.whatkindofpleasureitwouldactuallybringtophoto-takers
B.whetherpeopleenjoyeditwhentheydidsightseeing
C.howitcouldhelptoenrichpeople’slifeexperiences
D.Whetheritpreventedpeopleenjoyingwhattheyweredoing
WhatdotheresultsofDiehl’sexperimentsshowthatpeopletakingphotosA.Theyaredistractedfromwhattheyaredoing.
B.Theycanbetterrememberwhattheyseeordo.
C.Theyaremoreabsorbedinwhatcatchestheireye.
D.Theycanhaveabetterunderstandingoftheworld.
Whatisfoundaboutmuseumvisitorswiththeaidofeye-trackingglassesA.Theycomeoutwithbetterphotographsoftheexhibits.
B.Theyfocusmoreontheexhibitswhentakingpictures.
C.Theyhaveabetterviewofwhatareondisplay.
D.Theyfollowthehistoricaleventsmoreeasily.
WhatdowelearnfromthelastparagraphA.Itisbettertomakeplansbeforetakingphotos.
B.Mentalphotoscanbeasbeautifulassnapshots.
C.Photographerscanderivegreatjoyfromtheclickofthecamera.
D.Eventheverythoughtoftakingaphotocanhaveapositiveeffect.
第4题
Economicallyspeaking,arewebetteroffthanweweretenyearsagoTwentyyearsago
Intheirthirstforevidenceonthisissue,commentatorsseizedontherecentreportbytheCensusBureau,whichfoundthataveragehouseholdincomeroseby5.2%in2015.Unfortunately,thatconclusionputstoomuchweightonauseful,butflawedandincomplete,statistic.AmongthemoresignificantproblemswiththeCensus’smeasurearethat:1)itexcludestaxes,transfers,andcompensationlikeemployer-providedhealthinsurance;and2)itisbasedonsurveysratherthandata.Evenifpreciselymeasured,incomedataexcludeimportantdeterminantsofeconomicwell-being,suchasthehoursofworkneededtoearnthatincome.
Whilethinkingaboutthequestion,wecameacrossarecentlypublishedarticlebyCharlesJonesandPeterKlenow,whichproposesaninterestingnewmeasureofeconomicwelfare.Whilebynomeansperfect,itisconsiderablymorecomprehensivethanaverageincome,takingintoaccountnotonlygrowthinconsumptionperpersonbutalsochangesinworkingtime,lifeexpectancy,andinequality.Moreover,itcanbeusedtoassesseconomicperformancebothacrosscountriesandovertime.
TheJones-Klenowmethodcanbeillustratedbyacross-countryexample.SupposewewanttocomparetheeconomicwelfareofcitizensoftheU.S.andFrancein2005.
In2005,astheauthorsobserve,realconsumptionperpersoninFrancewasonly60%ashighastheU.S.,makingitappearthatAmericanswereeconomicallymuchbetteroffthantheFrenchonaverage.However,thatcomparisonomitsotherrelevantfactors:leisuretime,lifeexpectancy,andeconomicinequality.TheFrenchtakelongervacationsandretireearlier,sotypicallyworkfewerhours;theyenjoyahigherlifeexpectancy,presumablyreflectingadvantageswithrespecttohealthcare,diet,lifestyle,andthelike;andincomeandconsumptionaresomewhatmoreequallydistributedtherethanintheU.S.Becauseofthesedifferences,comparingFrance’sconsumptionwiththeU.S.’soverstatesthegapineconomicwelfare.SimilarcalculationscanbeusedtocomparetheU.S.andothercountries.Forexample,thiscalculationputseconomicwelfareintheUnitedKingdomat97%ofU.S.levels,butestimatesMexicanwell-beingat22%.
TheJones-Klenowmeasurecanalsoassessaneconomy’sperformanceovertime.Accordingtothismeasure,asoftheearly-to-mid-2000s,theU.S.hadthehighesteconomicwelfareofanylargecountry.Since2007,economicwelfareintheU.S.hascontinuedtoimprove.However,thepaceofimprovementhasslowedmarkedly.Methodologically,thelessonfromtheJones-Klenowresearchisthateconomicwelfareismulti-dimensional.Theirapproachisflexibleenoughthatinprincipleotherimportantquality-oflifechangescouldbeincorporated—forexample,decreasesintotalemissionsofpollutantsanddeclinesincrimerates.
Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthe2015reportbytheCensusBureau
A.Itisbasedonquestionablestatistics.
B.Itreflectstheeconomicchanges.
C.Itevidencestheimprovedwelfare.
D.Itprovidesmuchfoodforthought.
WhatdoestheauthorsayabouttheJones-Klenowmethod
A.Itiswidelyusedtocomparetheeconomicgrowthacrosscountries.
B.Itrevolutionizesthewayofmeasuringordinarypeopledlivelihood.
C.Itfocusesonpeople’sconsumptionratherthantheiraverageincome.
D.Itisamorecomprehensivemeasureofpeople’seconomicwell-being.
WhatdoJonesandKlenowthinkofthecomparisonbetweenFranceandtheU.S.intermsofrealconsumptionperperson
A.Itreflectedtheexistingbiggapbetweenthetwoeconomies.
B.Itneglectedmanyimportantindicatorsofpeople’swelfare.
C.Itcoveredupthedifferencesbetweenindividualcitizens.
D.Itfailedtocountintheirdifferenceinnaturalresources.
WhatisanadvantageoftheJones-Klenowmethod
A.Itcanaccuratelypinpointacountry’scurrenteconomicproblems.
B.Itcanhelptoraisepeople’sawarenessoftheireconomicwell-being.
C.Itcandiagnosethecausesofacountry’sslowingpaceofeconomicimprovement.
D.Itcancompareacountry’seconomicconditionsbetweendifferentperiodsoftime.
WhatcanweinferfromthepassageaboutAmericanpeople’seconomicwell-being
A.ItismuchbetterthanthatoftheirEuropeancounterparts.
B.Ithasbeenonthedeclineeversincetheturnofthecentury.
C.IthasnotimprovedasmuchasreportedbytheCensusBureau.
D.Ithasnotbeenaccuratelyassessedandreportedsincemid-2000s.
第5题
第6题
___.
A.thespanofthewings
B.theshapeoftheeyes
C.thetextureofthefeathers
D.thesizeofthebrain
第7题
PreparingforComputerDisasters
A：Summary：Whenhomeofficecomputersgodown，manysmallbusinessesgrindtoahalt.Fortunately，takingstepstorecoverfromdisastersandminimizetheireffectsisquitestraightforward.
OffsiteStorage：MajorDisasters
C：Housefiresandfloodsareamongthemostdevastatingcausesofpersonalcomputerdestruction.That&39;swhyasolidoffsitebackupandrecoveryplanisessential.Althoughmanyhomeusersfaithfullybackuptheirharddrives，manywouldstilllosealltheirdatashouldtheirhousefloodourburn.That&39;sbecausetheykeeptheirbackupsinrelativelyclosetotheircomputers.Theirbackupdisksmightnotbeinthesameroomastheircomputers—tuckedawayinaclosetoreventhegarage—butthey&39;renotnearlyfarenoughawayshouldaseriousdisasterstrike.So，it&39;simportanttobackupyoursystemtoaremovablemediumandtostoreitelsewhere.
D：Therearemanywaystoapproachoffsitestorage.Itstartswithchoiceofbackuptoolsandstoragemedium.Disastersituationsarestressful，andyourrecoverytoolsshouldn&39;taddtothatstress.Theymustbedependableandintuitive，makingiteasytoscheduleregularbackupsandtoretrievefilesinapinch.Theymustalsobecompatiblewithyourchoiceofbackupmedium.Dependingonyourtools，youcanbackuptoavarietyofdurabledisktypes—fromCDstoJazdrivestoremotenetworkservers.Althoughmanyofthesestoragemediahavehighcapacity，abackuptoolwithcompressioncapabilitiesisabigplus，eliminatingtheinconvenienceofmultipledisksorlargeuploads.
E：Onceyouselectyourtoolsandasuitablemedium，youneedtofindaremoteplacetostoreyourbackups.Theoptionsareendless.However，nomatterwhereyouchoose，besurethesiteissecure，easilyaccessible，andagooddistanceawayfromyourhome.YoumayalsowanttoconsiderusinganInternet-basedbackupservice.Moreandmoreserviceprovidersareofferingstoragespaceontheirservers，anduploadingfilestoaremotelocationhasbecomeanattractivealternativetoconventionaloffsitestorage.Ofcourse，beforeusingoneoftheseservices，makecertainyoucompletelytrusttheserviceprovideranditssecuritymethods.Whateveryoudo，schedulebackupsregularlyandstorethemfarawayfromyourhome.
ComeWhatMay：HandlingtheGardenVarietyComputerCrisis
F：Notallhomecomputerdamageresultsfromphysicaldisaster.ManylessmenacingproblemscanalsohobbleyourPCordestroyyourinformation.Systemscrash，kids"rearrange"data，adultsinadvertentlydeletefiles.Althoughtheseeventsmightnotseemcalamitous，theycanhaveseriousimplications.So，onceagain，it&39;simportanttobeprepared.Aswithphysicaldisasters，regularbackupsareessential.However，someofthesesmallerissuesrequirearesponsethat&39;smorenuancedthanwholesalebackupandrestoration.Todealwithless-than-totaldisaster，yourtoolsetmustbebothpowerfulandagile.Forexample，whenasmallnumberoffilesarecompromised，youmaywanttoretrievethosefilesalone.Meanwhile，ifjustyoursettingsareaffected，you&39;llwantasimplewaytorollbacktoyourpreferredsetup.Yet，shouldyouroperatingsystemfail，you&39;llneedawaytobootyourcomputerandperform.large-scalerecovery.Computercrisescomeinallshapesandsizes，andyourbackupandrecoverytoolsmustbeflexibleenoughtomeeteachchallenge.
TheRightToolsfortheRightJob：GearingupforDisasterG：Whendisasterstrikes，thequalityofyourbackuptoolscanmakethedifferencebetweenutterfrustrationandpeaceofmind.Symantecunderstandsthisandoffersarangeoftopqualitybackupandrecoverysolutions.NortonGoBackistheperfecttoolforrandomsystemcrashes，failedinstallations，andinadvertentdeletions.Withthispowerfulandconvenientsolution，it&39;ssimpletoretrieveoverwrittenfilesortobringyoursystembacktoitspre-crashstate.NortonGhostisatime-testedhomeofficesolution.Equippedtohandlefull-scalebackups，it&39;salsohandyforcloningharddrivesandfacilitatingsystemupgrades.AfavoritechoiceforITprofessionals，it&39;stheidealtoolfortheburgeoninghomeoffice.YoucanbuyNortonGhostandNortonGoBackseparately，orgetthembothwhenyoupurchaseNortonSystemWorks.
H：Life&39;sdisasters，largeandsmall，oftencatchusbysurprise.However，withalittleplanningandtherighttools，youcanreducethosedisasterstobumpsintheroad.So，don&39;twaitanotherday.Buyagoodsetofdisasterrecoverytools，setupanautomaticbackupschedule，andperform.adryruneverynowandagain.Then，resteasy.
1.Youshouldtakestepstorecoverfromcomputerdisasterssoastominimizetheireffects.
2.Forsomereason，computerdisasterrecoveryisalwaysignoredbymanyofus.
3.Youcanbouncebackquicklyandeasilyminorcomputerdisasterswiththehelpofagoodoffsitestorageplanandtherighttools.
4.Themostdevastatingcausesofpersonalcomputerdestructionincludeshousefiresandfloods.
5.It&39;snecessaryforustobackupoursystemstosometransferablemediumandtoputitsomewhereelse.
6.Youshouldfindadistantplacetostoreyourbackupsafterselectingyourtoolsandasuitablemedium.
7.Notonlyphysicaldisastercandamageyourcomputer.
8.Thebackupandrecoverytoolsmustbeflexibleenoughtodealwithvariouscomputercrises.
9.Thequalityofyourbackuptoolsdetermineswhetheryouarefrustratedorhaveapeacefulmindwhendisasterstrikes.
10.Youshouldprepareforyourcomputerdisastersnowandagain.
第8题
accordingtotheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:
1.快餐在中国十分流行，它是现代快节奏社会的最佳反映;
2.快餐受欢迎有两条原因。然而，从营养角度来讲，快餐却差强人意;
3.对快餐还是以偶尔品尝为宜。
第9题
，预计有3.5亿农村人口将移居城市。如此规模的城市发展对城市交通来说既是挑战，也是机遇。中国政府一直提倡“以人为本”的发展理念，强调人们以公交而不是私家车出行。它还号召建设“资源节约和环境友好型”社会。有了这个明确的目标，中国城市就可以更好地规划其发展，并把大量投资转向安全、清洁和经济型交通系统的发展上。
第10题
传统中国画有两个最受青睐的主题，一是家庭生活的各种幸福场景，画中往往有老人在下棋饮茶，男人在耕耘收割，妇女在织布缝衣，小孩在户外玩耍。另一个则是乡村生活的种种乐趣，画有渔夫在湖上打渔，农夫在山上砍柴采药，或是书生坐在松树下吟诗作画。这两个主题可以分别代表儒家和道家的生活理想。
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