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一项全球研究显示,新冠疫情正在加剧全球性别不平等的现状。疫情暴发后,女性的失业率、辍学率都高于男性,女性承担的无偿劳动和遭受的性别暴力也增多了。研究人员警告称,再不采取行动,过去几十年来在性别平等上取得的成就都将付之东流。
TheimpactoftheCovid-19pandemicthreatenstoreversedecadesof
progressmadetowardsgender1equality,accordingtoaglobalstudythatreveals
womenhavebeenhitmuchhardersociallyandeconomicallythanmen.
一项全球研究显示,新冠疫情对女性在社会和经济层面带来的打击比对男性的打击要沉重得多,这一影响可能会逆转几十年来在性别平等上取得的进步。
Previously2,coronavirus-relatedgenderdisparitystudieshavefocusedon
thedirecthealthimpactsofthecrisis.Itiswellknown,forexample,that
acrosstheglobemenhaveexperiencedhigherratesofCovidcases,
hospitalisationanddeath.However,untilnow,fewstudieshaveexaminedhow
genderinequalitieshavebeenaffected3bythemanyindirectsocialandeconomic
effectsofthepandemicworldwide.
Theresearch,conductedbytheInstituteforHealthMetricsandEvaluation4
attheUniversityofWashingtonandpublishedintheLancet,showsthatwomen
haveexperiencedgreaternegativesocialandeconomicimpactsthanmen.
华盛顿大学健康指标与评估研究所开展的这项研究表明,在社会和经济方面,女性遭受的负面影响比男性更大。该研究发表在《柳叶刀》期刊上。
Thegreatestandmostpersistent5gendergapwasseeninemploymentand
uncompensatedlabour,with26%ofwomenreportinglossofworkcomparedwith20%
ofmengloballyinSeptember202Womenandgirlswerealsomorelikelytodrop
outofschoolandmorelikelytoreportanincreaseingender-basedviolence
thanmenandboys.
最大最持久的性别鸿沟出现在雇佣和无偿劳动领域。2021年9月在全球范围内有26%的女性报告称自己失去了工作,相比之下只有20%的男性失去了工作。女性辍学及遭受性别暴力的可能性也比男性更高。
"Thisstudyprovidesthefirstcomprehensiveglobalevidenceongender
disparitiesforawiderangeofhealth-related,socialandeconomicindicators6
throughoutthepandemic,”saidseniorauthorProfEmmanuelaGakidou.“The
evidencesuggeststhatCovid-19hastendedtoexacerbate7previouslyexisting
socialandeconomicdisparities.
该研究的首席作者伊曼纽尔·盖基杜教授称“这项研究提供了第一份表明疫情期间在健康、社会和经济等全球广泛领域存在性别不平等的全面证据。证据指出,新冠疫情会恶化疫情暴发前就存在的社会和经济方面的性别不平等。”
"Societyisatapivotalmomentwhereinvestmentintheempowermentof
womenandgirlsiscriticallyneededtoensurethatprogresstowardsgender
equalitydoesnotgetstalledorreversedbecauseoftheCovid-19pandemic.We
cannotletthesocialandeconomicfalloutsfromthepandemiccontinueintothe
post-Covidera.Actionmustbetakennowtonotonlyreversethecurrent
disparities,buttofurtherclosethegapspresentbeforethepandemic
began.”
“社会正处于急需对女性赋权大力投入的关键时刻,以确保性别平等上取得的成就不因为新冠疫情而停滞或被逆转。我们不能让疫情带来的社会和经济影响持续到后疫情时代。现在必须采取措施,不仅要逆转当下的性别不平等,还要缩小疫情暴发前就存在的性别鸿沟。”
Thestudyanalysedpubliclyavailabledatasetsfrom193countriesusing
surveystakenfromMarch2020toSeptember2021onhealthandwellbeingduring
thepandemic.Ineverypartoftheworld,womenexperiencedhigherratesof
employmentlossthanmensincethestartofthepandemic.BySeptember2021,26%
ofwomenand20%ofmenhadreportedlosingtheirjobduringthepandemic.
该研究分析了从193个国家公开获取的数据集,数据来自2020年3月至2021年9月针对疫情期间健康和幸福状况开展的多项调查。分析结果发现,自从疫情暴发以来,在世界的每一个地区,女性的失业率都高于男性。截至2021年9月,分别有26%的女性和20%的男性报告称自己在疫情期间失去了工作。
"Economicimpactshaveaffectedwomenmorethanmeninsomecountries
becausetheytendtobeemployeddisproportionatelyinsectors8harder-hitby
Covid-19,suchasthehospitalityindustryorasdomesticworkers,”saidDr
LuisaFlor,thestudy’sco-leadauthor.“Moreover,genderedsocialnormsinmany
countriesattributehouseholdandchildcareresponsibilitiespreferentiallyto
womenandreducetheirtimeandabilitytoengageinpaidlabour.”
Womenweremorelikelythanmentoreportforgoing9paidemploymenttocare
forothers,withthegendergapwideningovertime.InMarch2020,theratiofor
womentomenwas8butbySeptember2021ithadincreasedtoalmostMore
thanhalfofrespondentsreportedanincreaseinunpaid10laboursuchas
domesticworkandcaringforothersduringthepandemic,withwomen
significantlymorelikelytoreportsuchincreaseseverywhereexceptnorth
AfricaandtheMiddleEast.
相比男性,女性更可能放弃有偿工作来照顾家人,长此以往性别鸿沟也就越来越大。2020年3月,这一行为的男女比例为1比8,而到了2021年9月,这一行为的比例扩大到了1比4。超半数受访者称,疫情期间做家务和照料家人等无偿劳动量增多,其中报告这一情况的女性在世界各地都明显多于男性,北非和中东地区除外。
Globally,womenandgirlsweremorelikelytodropoutofeducationthan
menandboys.ThelargestgendergapswereseenincentralEurope,eastern
EuropeandcentralAsiawherefourtimesmorewomenthanmendroppedoutof
education.Overall,54%ofwomenand44%ofmensaidtheyperceivedthat
gender-basedviolencehadincreasedintheircommunityduringthepandemic.
从全球来看,女性比男性更可能辍学。在这方面中欧、东欧和中亚的性别鸿沟最大,辍学的女性比男性多四倍。总体上,有54%的女性和44%的男性表示自己察觉到疫情期间所在社区的性别暴力增加了。
"Thefurtherweprogressinthispandemicthemorewefeelthatthe
inequitiesbeingexacerbated11areonlygoingtoworsen,andthatany
pre-pandemicprogresstowardsgenderequalitywillbereversed,”saidRosemary
MorganofJohnsHopkinsBloombergSchoolofPublicHealth,whichwasnot
involvedinthestudy.“Hopefullythisdatawillreenforcetheneedfor
decision-makerstoactbeforeitistoolate.”
没有参与这项研究的约翰斯·霍普金斯大学布隆伯格公共卫生学院的罗斯玛丽·摩根指出“我们在疫情期间的研究越深入,就越感觉到性别不平等加剧的状况在未来只会更糟,疫情暴发前在性别平等方面取得的任何进步都可能被逆转。希望这一数据能让决策者意识到有必要趁早采取行动。”