2、保chaindebts三角债freightforwarder货运代理tradeconsultation贸易磋商mediationofdispute商业纠纷调解partialshipment分批装运restraintoftrade贸易管制RTA(RegionalTradeArrangements)区域贸易安排favorablebalanceoftrade贸易顺差unfavorablebalanceoftrade贸易逆差specialpreferences优惠关税bondedwarehouse保税仓库transit
3、trade转口贸易tariffbarrier关税壁垒taxrebate出口退税TBT(TechnicalBarrierstoTrade)技术性贸易壁垒贸易伙伴术语tradepartner贸易伙伴manufacturer制造商,制造厂middleman中间商,经纪人dealer经销商wholesaler批发商retailer,tradesman零售商merchant商人,批发商,零售商concessionaire,licenseddealer受让人,特许权获得者consumer消费者,用户client,customer
4、顾客,客户buyer买主,买方carrier承运人consignee收货人进出口贸易词汇commerce,trade,trading贸易inlandtrade,hometrade,domestictrade国内贸易internationaltrade国际贸易foreigntrade,externaltrade对外贸易,外贸import,importation进口importer进口商export,exportation出口exporter出口商importlicence进口许口证exportlicence出口
5、许口证commercialtransaction买卖,交易inquiry询盘delivery交货order订货makeacompleteentry正式/完整申报badaccount坏帐BillofLading提单marinebillsoflading海运提单shippingorder托运单blankendorsed空白背书endorsed背书cargoreceipt承运货物收据condemnedgoods有问题的货物catalogue商品目录customsliquidation清关customscle
6、arance结关国际贸易英语词汇集锦一贸易价格术语tradeterm/priceterm价格术语world/internationalmarketprice国际市场价格FOB(freeonboard)离岸价C&F(costandfreight)成本加运费价CIF(cost,insuranceandfreight)到岸价freight运费wharfage码头费landingcharges卸货费customsduty关税portdues港口税importsurcharge进口附加税import
7、variableduties进口差价税commission佣金returncommission回佣,回扣priceincludingcommission含佣价netprice净价wholesaleprice批发价discount/allowance折扣retailprice零售价spotprice现货价格currentprice现行价格/时价indicativeprice参考价格customsvaluation海关估价pricelist价目表totalvalue总值贸易保险术语AllRisks一切险
8、F.P.A.(FreefromParticularAverage)平安险W.A./W.P.A(WithAverageorWithParticularAverage)水渍险WarRisk战争险F.W.R.D.(FreshWaterRainDamage)淡水雨淋险RiskofIntermixtureandContamination混杂、玷污险RiskofLeakage渗漏险RiskofOdor串味险RiskofRust锈蚀险ShortageRisk短缺险T.P.N.D.(Theft,Pilferag
9、e&Non-delivery)偷窃提货不着险StrikesRisk罢工险贸易机构词汇WTO(WorldTradeOrganization)世界贸易组织IMF(InternationalMonetaryFund)国际货币基金组织CTG(CouncilforTradeinGoods)货币贸易理事会EFTA(EuropeanFreeTradeAssociation)欧洲自由贸易联盟AFTA(ASEANFreeTradeArea)东盟自由贸易区JCCT(China-USJointCommissiononComm
11、使用一些有限定作用的结构来界定细目所指定的确切范围。3.1限定责任众所周知,合同中要明确规定双方的责任。为英译出双方责任的权限与范围,常常使用连词和介词的固定结构。现把最常用的此类结构举例说明如下。3.1.1and/or常用and/or英译合同中“甲和乙+甲或乙”的内容,这样就可避免漏译其中的一部分。例9:如果上述货物对船舶和(或)船上其它货物造成任何损害,托运人应负全责。Theshippershallbeliableforalldamagecausedbysuchgoodstotheshipand/orcargoonbuard.3.
12、1.2byandbetween常用byandbetween强调合同是由“双方”签订的,因此双方必须严格履行合同所赋于的责任。例10:买卖双方同意按下述条款购买出售下列商品并签订本合同。ThisContractismadebyandbetweentheBuyerandtheSeller,wherebytheBuyeragreestobuyandtheSelleragreestoselltheundermentionedcommoditysubjecttothetermsandconditionsstipula
14、withinthreemonths,i.e.onorbeforeMay1.3.2.2not(no)laterthan用“not(no)laterthan+日期”英译“不迟于某月某日”。例13:本合同签字之日一个月内,即不迟于12月15日,你方须将货物装船。PartyBshallshipthegoodswithinonemonthofthedateofsigningthisContract,i.e.notlaterthanDecember15.3.2.3include的相应形式常用include的相应形
16、英译时常用以下措施严格把关。3.3.1.大写文字重复金额英译金额须在小写之后,在括号内用大写文字重复该金额,即使原文合同中没有大写,英译时也有必要加上大写。在大写文字前加上“SAY”,意为“大写”;在最后加上“ONLY”。意思为“整”。必须注意:小写与大写的金额数量要一致。例16:聘方须每月付给受聘方美元500元整。PartyAshallpayPartyBamonthlysalaryofUS$500(SAYFIVEHUNDREDUSDOLLARSONLY).3.3.2.正确使用货币符号英译金额必须注意区分和正确使用各种不同的货币名称符号。
17、“$”既可代表“美元”,又可代表其他某些地方的货币;而“”不仅代表“英镑”,又可代表其他某些地方的货币。必须注意:当金额用数字书写时,金额数字必须紧*货币符号,例如:Can$891,568,不能写成:Can$891,568。另外,翻译的还要特别注意金额中是小数点(.)还是分节号(,),因为这两个符号极易引起笔误,稍有疏忽,其后果是不堪设想的。商务合同英译应注意的问题(1)前言英译商务合同貌似简单,实则不然。商务合同是一种特殊的应用文体,重在记实,用词行文的一大特点就是准确与严谨。本文拟运用翻译教学中所积累的英译商务合同的实例,从三个方面论述如何从大处着眼、小处着手、力求准确
18、严谨英译商务合同。一、酌情使用公文语惯用副词商务合同属于法律性公文,所以英译时,有些词语要用公文语词语、特别是酌情使用英语惯用的一套公文语副词,就会起到使译文结构严谨、逻辑严密、言简意赅的作用。但是从一些合同的英文译本中发现,这种公文语副同常被普通词语所代替,从而影响到译文的质量。实际上,这种公文语惯用副同为数并不多,而已构词简单易记。常用的这类副词是由here、there、where等副词分别加上after、by、in、of、on、to、under、upon、with等副词,构成一体化形式的公文语副词。例如:从此以后、今后:hereafter;此后、以后:thereafte
19、r;在其上:thereonthereupon;在其下:thereunder;对于这个:hereto;对于那个:whereto;在上文:hereinabovehereinbefore;在下文:hereinafterhereinbelow;在上文中、在上一部分中:thereinbefore;在下文中、在下一部分中:thereinafter现用两个实例,说明在英译合同中如何酌情使用上述副词。例1:本合同自买方和建造方签署之日生效。ThisContractshallcomeintoforcefromthedateofexecutionhereofbyt
20、heBuyerandtheBuilder.例2:下述签署人同意在中国制造新产品,其品牌以此为合适。TheundersignedherebyagreesthatthenewproductswheretothistradenameismoreappropriatearemadeinChina.出席商务会议的常用英语Thefollowingphrasesareusedtoparticipateinameeting.Thesephrasesareusefulforexpressingyourideasandgi
21、vinginputtoameeting.GettingtheChairpersonsAttention引起会议主席的注意(Mister/Madam)chairman.MayIhaveawordIfImay,Ithink.Excusemeforinterrupting.MayIcomeinhereGivingOpinions表达意见Impositivethat.I(really)feelthat.Inmyopinion.ThewayIseethings.Ifyouaskme,.Iten
23、表示同意Itotallyagreewithyou.Exactly!Thats(exactly)thewayIfeel.Ihavetoagreewith(nameofparticipant).Disagreeing表示异议Unfortunately,Iseeitdifferently.UptoapointIagreewithyou,but.(Imafraid)IcantagreeAdvisingandSuggesting提出建议Lets.Weshould.Whydontyou.How/What
24、about.Isuggest/recommendthat.Clarifying澄清Letmespellout.HaveImadethatclearDoyouseewhatImgettingatLetmeputthisanotherway.Idjustliketorepeatthat.RequestingInformation请求信息Please,couldyou.Idlikeyouto.Wouldyoumind.Iwonderifyoucould.AskingforRepetiti
25、on请求重复ImafraidIdidntunderstandthat.CouldyourepeatwhatyoujustsaidIdidntcatchthat.Couldyourepeatthat,pleaseImissedthat.Couldyousayitagain,pleaseCouldyourunthatbymeonemoretimeAskingforClarification要求澄清Idontquitefollowyou.WhatexactlydoyoumeanI
26、mafraidIdontquiteunderstandwhatyouraregettingat.CouldyouexplaintomehowthatisgoingtoworkIdontseewhatyoumean.Couldwehavesomemoredetails,pleaseAskingforVerification请求确认Youdidsaynextweek,didntyou(didisstressed)Doyoumeanthat.Isittruethat.Askin
27、gforSpelling请求拼写Couldyouspellthat,pleaseWouldyoumindspellingthatforme,pleaseAskingforContributions请求赐教Wehaventheardfromyouyet,(nameofparticipant).WhatdoyouthinkaboutthisproposalWouldyouliketoaddanything,(nameofparticipant)Hasanyoneelsegotanything
28、tocontributeArethereanymorecommentsCorrectingInformation更正Sorry,IthinkyoumisunderstoodwhatIsaid.Sorry,thatsnotquiteright.ImafraidyoudontunderstandwhatImsaying.ThatsnotquitewhatIhadinmind.ThatsnotwhatImeant.KeepingtheMeetingOnTarget(time,relevance,
29、decisions)转入正题Wererunningshortoftime.Well,thatseemstobeallthetimewehavetoday.Pleasebebrief.Imafraidweverunoutoftime.Imafraidthatsoutsidethescopeofthismeeting.Letsgetbackontrack,whydontweThatsnotreallywhywereheretoday.Whydontwereturntothemai
30、nfocusoftodaysmeeting.Wellhavetoleavethattoanothertime.Werebeginningtolosesightofthemainpoint.Keeptothepoint,please.Ithinkwedbetterleavethatforanothermeeting.Arewereadytomakeadecision商贸文书中常见英语翻译错误几例(下)6.我公司出口工业产品、化工产品、医药等。原译文:Ourcompanyexportsindustri
31、alproducts,chemicals,medicinesandetc.注:etc.等于andsoon或andothers,已含有and的成分,上述译文无需加上and一词。应译为:Ourcompanyexportsindustrialproducts,chemicals,medicines,etc.7.我们将委托贵公司作为我公司在毛里求斯的业务代理。原译文:WeherebyentrustyourcompanytobeourbusinessagentinMauritius.注:entrust一词在作委托解时用法为entrustsom
32、ebodywithsomethingorentrustsomethingtosomebody。应译为:WeherebyappointyourcompanytobeourbusinessagentinMauritius.8.本合同签订之后,签约双方中任何一方不得将合同内容泄露给第三方。原译文:Anyofthetwopartiescannotdivulgethecontentsofthecontracttoathirdpartyaftertheconclusionofthecontract.注:双方中任何一方为
33、eitherofthetwoparties,三方(或三方以上)中任何一方才用anyoftheparties,因本句为否定句,应译为:Neitherofthetwopartiescandivulgethecontentsofthecontracttoathirdpartyaftertheconclusionofthecontract.9.在双方签约之后,各方将严格遵守本协议。原译文:Afterthisagreementissignedbythetwoparties,allpartiesshallstrictly
35、文:TheHaikouPowerStationProjectinvestedbytheHongkong-MacauInternationalInvestmentCo,Ltd.washighlyappraisedforitsconstructionspeedandquality.注:投资某项工程应为investinaproject,在被动语态中不能漏去前置词in。应译为:TheHaikouPowerStationProjectinvestedin(在某些情况下可用financedorfunded)bytheHongkong
36、-MacauInternationalInvestmentCo.,Ltd.washighlyappraisedforitsconstructionspeedandquality.2.上海SFECO拥有5个控股子公司。原译文:ShanghaiSFECOGrouphas5share-holdingcompanies.注:share-holdingcompany指控制或持有某公司股权的股东公司。上述译文意思是5个公司持有ShanghaiSFECOGroup的股份,换句话说,这5个公司是“老子”公司,因此显然不符合中文原意。应译为:Shanghai
37、SFECOGroupisaholdingcompanyof5subsidiarycompanies.或ShanghaiSFECOGroupholdssharesof5subsidiarycompanies.3.中国民生银行有限公司原译文:ChinaMinshengBankingCorporation,Ltd.注:corporation本身即为有限公司,相当于limitedcompany,英译中无需再加“Ltd”。应译为:ChinaMinshengBankingCorporation4.项目中标之后,我们将立即开始前期准备工作。原
38、译文:Afterthebidisawarded,weshallimmediatelystartouradvance-phasepreparation.注:项目中标应为acceptabidorawardthecontract。显然上述译文把两种表达法相混淆了。应译为:Afterthebidisaccepted(orthecontractisawarded),weshallimmediatelystartouradvance-phasepreparation.5.欢迎您参观我们交易会原译文:Welcomeyoutovi
39、sitourfair!注:译文中welcome是动词,因此此句是祈使句形式,省略的主语为第二人称你(你们),而不是中文所含的我(我们)之意。应译为:Wewelcomeyoutovisitourtradefair!更简洁而地道的译法是:Welcometoourtradefair!澳大利亚联邦汽车工业商会将摩托车细分为全用途摩托车(AllTerrainVehicles,ATVs)和两轮摩托车两大类,后者又可细分为电动脚踏车(Scooter)、游乐车(Fun)、路用车(RoadMotorCycle)和越野车(off-RoadMotorCycle)。其中,
41、Chopper小型摩托车MiniScooter迷你踏板车MobilityScooter电动踏板车MopedScooter电动助力车/机动脚踏两用车MotorScooter小型摩托车PocketScooter迷你踏板车PushScooter踏板车RazorScooter劲爆单脚踏板车Scooter踏板车SeaScooter水上踏板车/滑水车SkateScooter四轮滑板SnowScooter雪上踏板车/滑雪车SurfingScooter冲浪式电动踏板车/冲浪车SwingScooter摇摆踏板车Three-WheelsScooter三轮踏板
43、商ScooterExporterChina中国踏板车出口商ScooterExporters踏板车出口商ScooterFactories踏板车工厂ScooterFactory踏板车工厂ScooterManufacturer踏板车制造厂家ScooterManufacturers踏板车制造商ScooterManufacturing踏板车制造ScooterProducer踏板车生产商ScooterProducers踏板车生产商ScooterProducersChina中国踏板车生产商ScooterProduct踏板车产品ScooterProducts
44、踏板车产品ScooterSupplier踏板车供货商ScooterSuppliers踏板车供货商ScooterSuppliersChina中国踏板车供货商ChinaZhejiangYongkangScooterSuppliers对外贸易常用英语(1)TheymainlytradewithJapanesefirms.他们主要和日本商行进行贸易。Forthepastfiveyears,wehavedonealotoftradewithyourcompany.在过去的五年中,我们与贵国进行了罅康拿骋住/POurtradei
45、sconductedonthebasisofequality.我们是在平等的基础上进行贸易。Therehasbeenaslowdowninthewooltradewithyou.和你们的羊毛贸易已有所减少。Ourforeigntradeiscontinuouslyexpanding.我们的对外贸易不断发展。Tradeinleatherhasgoneup(down)3%.皮革贸易上升(下降)了百分之三。Tradeingeneralisimproving.贸易情况正在好转。Ourcompanymainlytr
46、adesinartsandcrafts.我们公司主要经营手工艺品。Theyarewell-knownintradecircles.他们在贸易界很有名望。Wetradewithpeopleinallcountriesonthebasisofequalityandmutualbenefit.我们在平等互利的基础上和各国人民进行贸易。TorespectthelocalcustomofthebuyingcountryisoneimportantaspectofChinasforeignpolicy.尊重买方国家
47、的风俗习惯是我国贸易政策的一个重要方面。Ourpurposeistoexplorethepossibilitiesofdevelopingtradewithyou.我们的目的是和你们探讨一下发展贸易的可能性。WordsandPhrasesforeigntrade对外贸易overseastrade海外贸易internationaltrade国际贸易totradewith和进行贸易todobusinessinamoderateway做生意稳重todobusinessinasincereway做生意诚恳to
48、makeadeal做一笔交易deal交易,经营,处理,与交往todealin经营,做生意toexplorethepossibilitiesof探讨的可能性tradecircles贸易界tohandle经营某商品totradein经营某商品businessscope/frame经营范围tradingfirm/house贸易行,商行对外贸易常用英语(2)Canwedoabartertrade咱们能不能做一笔易货贸易呢?Isitstilladirectbartertrade这还算是一种直接的易货贸易吗?
49、Ifyouagreetoourproposalofabartertrade,wellgiveyoupaperinexchangeforyourtimber.如果你方同意我们进行易货贸易的建议,我们将用纸与你们交换木材。Shallwesignatriangletradeagreement我们订一个三角贸易协议好吗?Atriangletradecanbecarriedoutamongthethreeofus.我们三方可进行三角贸易。Compensationtradeis,infact,akindof
50、loan.补偿贸易实际上是一种信贷。Wemayagreetodoprocessingtradewithyou.我们同意与你们进行来料加工贸易。Ifyoureinterestedinleasingtrade,pleaseletusknow.如果你们有意做租赁贸易,请告诉我们。Wewonderwhetheryoudocountertrade.我们不知道你们是否做抵偿贸易。WordsandPhrasestradebycommodities商品贸易visibletrade有形贸易invisibletrade无形贸易
51、bartertrade易货贸易bilateraltrade双边贸易triangletrade三角贸易multilateraltrade多边贸易countertrade对销贸易;抵偿贸易counterpurchase互购贸易buy-back回购贸易compensationtrade补偿贸易processingtrade来料加工贸易assemblingtrade来料装配贸易leasingtrade租赁贸易inexchangefor用交换tradeagreement贸易协议UNCTAD(UnitedNationsC
54、大写。在大写文字前加上“SAY”,意为“大写”;在最后加上“ONLY”。意思为“整”。必须注意:小写与大写的金额数量要一致。英译金额必须注意区分和正确使用各种不同的货币名称符号。“$”既可代表“美元”,又可代表其他某些地方的货币;而“”不仅代表“英镑”,又可代表其他某些地方的货币。必须注意:当金额用数字书写时,金额数字必须紧*货币符号,例如:Can$891,568,不能写成:Can$891,568。另外,翻译的还要特别注意金额中是小数点(.)还是分节号(,),因为这两个符号极易引起笔误,稍有疏忽,其后果是不堪设想的。英译商务合同貌似简单,实则不然。商务合同是一种特殊的应用文体,
55、重在记实,用词行文的一大特点就是准确与严谨。本文拟运用翻译教学中所积累的英译商务合同的实例,从三个方面论述如何从大处着眼、小处着手、力求准确严谨英译商务合同。商务合同属于法律性公文,所以英译时,有些词语要用公文语词语、特别是酌情使用英语惯用的一套公文语副词,就会起到使译文结构严谨、逻辑严密、言简意赅的作用。但是从一些合同的英文译本中发现,这种公文语副同常被普通词语所代替,从而影响到译文的质量。实际上,这种公文语惯用副同为数并不多,而已构词简单易记。常用的这类副词是由here、there、where等副词分别加上after、by、in、of、on、to、under、upon、with
56、等副词,构成一体化形式的公文语副词。例如:原译文:Ourcompanyexportsindustrialproducts,chemicals,medicinesand注:etc.等于andsoon或andothers,已含有and的成分,上述译文无需加上and一词。应译为:Ourcompany注:entrust一词在作委托解时用法为entrustsomebodywithsomethingorentrustsomething原译文:Anyofthetwopartiescannotdivulgethecontentsoftheco
57、ntract注:双方中任何一方为eitherofthetwoparties,三方(或三方以上)中任何一方才用anyoftheparties,因本句为否定句,应译为:Neitherofthetwopartiescandivulgethecontentsof原译文:Afterthisagreementissignedbythetwoparties,allpartiesshall注:与上一条相类似,在协议当事方为三方(或三方以上)时,各方为allparties,而当事方为两方时应用bothparties。应译为:在一些由中文翻译的英语
59、ShanghaiSFECO注:corporation本身即为有限公司,相当于limitedcompany,英译中无需再加“Ltd”。应译为:注:项目中标应为acceptabidorawardthecontract。显然上述译文把两种表达法相混淆了。应译为:注:译文中welcome是动词,因此此句是祈使句形式,省略的主语为第二人称你(你们),而不是中文所含的我(我们)之意。应译为:ATVs)和两轮摩托车两大类,后者又可细分为电动脚踏车(Scooter)、游乐车(Fun)、路用车(RoadMotorCycle)和越野车(off-RoadMotorCycle)。其中,S