“Me”.It’sasmallwordwithbigmeaning,andthatmeaningisasindividualtoeachofusasthewaywelook.
Throughinterviews,Iwasabletodiscoverwhat“me”meanstootherpeople,andhowtheyhavelearnttoappreciate
thebeautyinthemselves.
Psychologist,DrHart
“我”，这个小小的字有着十分丰富的含义。对于我们每个人来说，这个意义就像我们的外表一样是因人而异的。通过这次采访，我得以发现“我”这个字对于其他人的意义，以及他们如何学会欣赏他们自己的美。
心理学家哈特博士
Jade,24,accountingmanager
1AsasonginUglyBettyputsit,“It’saprettyperson’sworld”.Iunderstandthismorethanmost,asIhavealways
beenplain-looking.I’magirlwho’dlovetolookgood.Well,whowouldn’tSo,eversinceIdiscoveredselfieapps
thatcouldremovemyfreckles,enlargemyeyesandevenslimmyjawline,Ihavebecomeaddicted.Ispendhours
everydayeditingmyselfies,postingthemandeagerlycheckingmyphoneahundredtimesforcomments.Each
“like”boostsmyconfidence.DadthinksIamanarcissist,butwhatIsayisthatmypicturesaren’thurtinganyone,
sowhocares
杰德，24岁，会计经理
DrHartsays:
2Obsessiveonlinephotoeditingindicatesalackofself-confidenceandadesireforattention.However,theimage
Jadepresentstoobtainthepraiseofothersisfalse.Peoplewhopretendtobesomeonetheyarenottendtomisjudge
themselves.
哈特博士说：
Anthony,21,collegestudent
3Ineverreallycaredaboutmyappearance.That’swhyIcouldneverunderstandmysister,whohas17lipsticks
andcan’tdecidewhichonetouseeverymorning.Ionlyusedtohavefiveidenticalpairsoftrousersandfiveidentical
shirts.WhenIfirstmovedintomydormitoryatcollege,thismademyroommatesquiteconfusedastheysawmein
thesameclothesdayafterday.LastmonththeyregisteredmeforaTVprogramme,ANewYou.Itfeltbizarreat
first.Ididn’tlikebeingreviewedfromheadtotoe.ButIwassurprisedathowgoodIlookedafterthemakeover!
ForthefirsttimeinmylifeIsawmyselfasahandsomeandwell-presentedyoungman.Atthatmoment,Iperceived
1
thatexternalbeautyisn’ttotallyworthless.Itcanbeanexpressionofourpersonalities,helpingusmakeagoodand
positiveimpressiononothers.
安东尼，21岁，大学生
我向来不关心自己的外表，所以我永远无法理解我姐姐。她有17支口红，每天早上都不知道该用哪支好。而我以前只有五条模一样的裤子和五件模样的衬衫。当我第一次搬进大学宿舍时，室友看到我每天穿同样的衣服都十分困惑不解。上个月，他们给我在一个叫《全新的你》的电视节目中报了名。我最初感觉很奇怪。我不喜欢被人从头到脚地打量。但经过一番装扮之后，我被自己的美貌震惊了!我人生中第一次发现，原来自己也可以是个英俊又体面的年轻人。在那一刻，我意识到外在美并非毫无价值。它可以表达我们的个性，也有助于我们给他人留下良好、积极的印象。
4It’struethatinnerbeautyisveryimportant,butexternalbeautyshouldn’tbecompletelyoverlooked.Itplaysa
partintheimagewepresenttotheworld,andmakinganeffortwithyourappearancecanleaveapositivefirst
impressiononothersandboostyourconfidence.
内在美固然重要，但也不能完全忽视外在美。外在美在我们呈现给世界的形象中扮演着重要的角色。努力提升你的外表可以给别人留下积极的第一印象，增强你的自信。
Emma,17,seniorhighschoolstudent
5EversinceIwaslittle,I’vebeenlargerthanothergirls.Foralongtime,thisreallybotheredme.Peoplewould
stareatmebecauseIwas“big”andIhatedthewayIlooked.Myanxietydrovemetotryeverymeanspossibleto
loseweight,includingdietingandweight-losspills,butthisbroughtmenothingbutpainandpoorhealth.Everything
changedwhenonedayIcameacrossthesuccessstoryofaplus-sizemodel,TessHolliday.Althoughshe’slarger
thanmostothermodels,she’sreallyattractiveandhastheconfidencetobeherself—eveninanindustryfullof
beautystereotypes.Herstorychangedmyideasaboutwhatitmeanstobebeautiful.Irealisedthatmyhealth,mental
andphysical,isthemostimportantthing.NowIexerciseacoupleoftimesaweekbutjusttokeepfit.Imean,isn’t
itbetterthatI’mlargeandhappy,insteadofskinnyandunhealthy
埃玛，17岁，高中生
6IcompletelyagreewithEmma—beinghealthyisbeautiful,andweshouldwearthatbeautywithconfidence.What
Ireallyadmireisthewayshehasacknowledgedthatgoodhealthnotonlymakesusmorebeautiful,buthappier,
too!
哈特博士说:
我完全赞同埃玛——健康才是美丽的，我们应该充满自信地接受这样的美丽。我真正钦佩她的一点是，她认可健康的身体不仅使我们更美丽，而且更快乐!
2
Developingideas(P8-9)
TheHunchbackofNotre-Dame
巴黎圣母院
Publishedin1831,TheHunchbackofNotre-DametellsatragicstoryofeventsinParis.Esmeralda’sbeautymeans
thatmanymenfallinlovewithher.OnesuchmansendsthehunchbackQuasimodotokidnapEsmeralda.But
Quasimodofailsandiscapturedandtorturedinpublic.Esmeraldahearshiscallforwater,andstepsforwardsout
ofmercy.SheoffersQuasimodoadrinkofwater,whichsaveshimandalsocaptureshisheart.WhenEsmeraldais
latersentencedtodeathforacrimeshedidnotcommit,Quasimodorescuesherfromanangrycrowdoutsidethe
Notre-DameCathedral.Esmeraldaissafefromexecutionaslongasshestaysinsidethecathedral...
《巴黎圣母院》于1831年出版。它讲述了一个发生在巴黎的悲惨故事。埃斯梅拉达的美貌使无数男人为她倾倒。这些倾慕者中有一个人派驼背卡西莫多去绑架埃斯梅拉达。但卡西莫多失败了，在公共场合被捕并遭受酷刑。埃斯梅拉达听到他对水的呼唤，怜悯之心油然而生。她给卡西莫多递上水，这不仅拯救了他的生命，也俘获了他的心。后来当埃斯梅拉达因莫须有的罪名被判死刑时，卡西莫多从圣母院外喧哗的人群中救下了她。只要她留在教堂内，就可以免于被处决的危险……
1EsmeraldaandQuasimodowerestillforseveralmoments,astheyconsideredtheirpredicamentinsilence,sheso
graceful,hesorepulsive.EverymomentEsmeraldadiscoveredsomefreshdefectinQuasimodo,asherglance
travelledfromhisknockkneestohishunchedback,fromhishunchedbacktohissingleeye.Howanyonecouldbe
formedinsuchawaywasbeyondhercomprehension.Yettherewassomuchmelancholyandsomuchgentleness
spreadoverallthisthatshegraduallyadjustedtoit.
埃斯梅拉达和卡西莫多许久没有动，默默地思考着自己的处境，一个是那样优美，一个是那么难看。每一刻，随着埃斯梅拉达的目光从卡西莫多的弯腿移到驼背，再从他的驼背移到独眼上，她都在他身上发现更多的毛病。她难以理解一个人怎么能长得如此畸形。但他表现出那样的忧郁与那样的温顺，她渐渐地适应了。
2Hewasthefirsttobreakthesilence.“Soyouweretellingmetoreturn”
他首先打破了沉默：“那么你是叫我回来吗”
3Shemovedherhead,andsaid,“Yes.”
她点点头，答道：“是的。”
4Heunderstoodthemotionofthehead.“But!”hesaid,asthoughhesitatingwhethertofinish,“Iam—Iamdeaf.”
他明白点头的意思。“不过，”他说，似乎犹豫着要不要说下去，“我是……我是聋子。”
5“Poorwretch!”exclaimedEsmeralda,withanexpressionofheartfeltcompassion.
“可怜的人!”埃斯梅拉达喊道，发自内心地对他表示同情。
6Hebegantosmilesadly.他苦笑起来。
7“YousupposethatwasallthatIwasmissing,doyounotYes,Iamdeaf,thatisthewayIammade.Itishorrible,
isitnot,nexttoyourexquisitebeauty!”
“你觉得那就是我的所有缺陷，对不对是啊，我是聋子，生来如此。真是可怕，不是吗而你呢，却如此美丽!”
8Therelayintheaccentsoftheunfortunatemansosignificantanawarenessofhissadnessthatshehadnotthe
strengthtoutterasyllable.Inanycase,hewouldnothaveheardher.Hecontinued:
3
从那不幸的人的语气里可以感受到他对自身的悲哀心知肚明，她没有勇气回答。何况即便回答，他也无法听到。他接着说道：
9“NeverhaveIviewedmyuglinessasatthepresentmoment.WhenIcomparemyselftoyou,Ifeelanimmense
pityformyself,poorunfortunatemonsterthatIam!Behonest,toyouImustresemblesomesavagecreature.You,
youarearayofsunshine,adropofdew,abirdsong,whilstIamsomethingterrible,neitherhumannorbeast.Idon’t
knowwhatIam,asIamcoarser,moredowntrodden,andplainerthanapebble!”
“我从来没像现在这般明白自己的丑陋。当我把自己同你比较时，我就非常怜悯自己，我是多么可怜而不幸的怪物啊!说实话，你一定把我当成某种野兽了吧。你呀，你就像一束阳光，一滴露珠，像鸟鸣声，而我呢，却是一个可怕的东西，不像人也不像兽。我不知道我是什么，我比卵石还要粗硬、难看、不显眼!”
10Thenhebegantolaugh,andthatlaughwasthemostheartbreakingsoundintheworld.Hecontinued:
然后他笑了起来，那是世界上最痛心的笑声。他接着说道:
11“Yes,Iamdeaf,butyoushalltalktomewithyourhandsasmymastertalkstome,andthenIshallquicklyknow
yourwishesfromthemovementofyourlips,fromyourexpression.”
“是啊，我是聋子。但你可以用手势对我讲话，就像我的主人跟我说话那样。这样，从你的口型和你的表情，我很快就能明白你的意思。”
12“Well!”shesmiled,“Explaintomewhyyourescuedme.”
“好啊!”她微笑着说道，“告诉我你为什么要救我。”
13Hewatchedherintentlywhileshewasspeaking.
她说话的时候，他专注地看着她。
14“Iunderstand,”hereplied.“YouaskmewhyIrescuedyou.Youhaveforgottenanunfortunatepersonwho
attemptedtokidnapyouonenight,thissamepersontowhomyoushowedkindnesswhenhewasbeingpunished.
Adropofwaterandalittlepity-thatismorethanIcanrepaywithmylife.Youhaveforgottenthatunfortunatesoul,
butheremembersit.”
“我明白了，”他回答道。“你问我为什么要救你。你忘了，有天晚上，有个坏家伙想绑架你，你却在他被惩罚时对他表示友善。我即使为你赴汤蹈火，也报答不了那滴水和你的怜悯之心。你已经忘记那个不幸的人了，他却还记着你的恩情。”
15Shelistenedtohimwithprofoundtenderness.AtearswamintheeyeofQuasimodo,butdidnotfall.Heseemed
tomakeitapointofhonourtokeepitatbay.
她带着满心温柔听完他的话。一滴泪珠在卡西莫多的眼眶里滚动，却没有落下来。似乎不让眼泪落下来，他就可以维护自己的尊严。
(AdaptationfromTheHunchbackofNotre-DamebyVictorHugo)(改编自维克多·雨果的《巴黎圣母院》)
Unit2Alife’swork
Understandingideas(P14-15)
LifeBehindtheLens
镜头背后的人生
1Awhite-hairedoldmanridinganordinarybicyclearoundthestreetsofNewYork,alwayswearingthesameblue
worker’sjacketandsimpleblackrunningshoes.Ifyousawhim,you’dneverthinktherewasanythingremarkable
abouthim.AndyeteverymemberofNewYork’swealthyhighsocietywantednothingmorethantoposeforthis
4
man.
一位白发老人总是穿着一件蓝色工装夹克和样式简单的黑色跑鞋，骑着一辆普通的自行车在纽约街头穿梭。如果你看到他，你不会觉得他有任何引人注目的地方。然而，纽约富裕的上流社会中每一个人都想着对他摆姿势、请他拍照。
2Thisordinary-lookingmanwasBillCunningham,oneofthemostimportantAmericanphotographersofthelast
50years.
这位看起来普普通通的人就是比尔坎宁安，美国近五十年来最重要的摄影师之一。
3WhatmadeCunninghamsogreatItcertainlywasn’ttheuseofexpensivetechnologically-advancedequipment.
Cunninghamalwaysusedsimple,relativelycheapcamerasandtookallhispicturesonthestreetsofNewYork,not
inastudio.Norwasitawiderangeofcontactsandconnections.Althoughhealwaysknewwherefashionableparties
andeventswerehappening,CunninghamlikedtophotographordinarypeopleinthepoorBronxasmuchasVIPs
inrichManhattan.Hefoundinspirationwhereotherscouldnot,insimple,everydayscenes,suchasamanbuying
orangesatthelocalgrocerystore,orawomanridinghomeonthegraffiti-coveredsubway.Thesethingswerereal,
anditwaswithintheirrealitythatCunninghamsawbothbeautyandpotential.Throughhisfascinationwithwhat
peoplewerewearing,andnotwhotheywere,heopenedthedoorsoffashiontoeveryone—fashionashesawit
belongedtothepeople,notjusttohighsocietyandbigbrands.
4Moreover,whatmadeCunninghamgreatwashisdevotiontophotography,andthehoursandhoursofsheerhard
workheputintohiswork.CunninghamwouldgooutontothestreetsofNewYorkeachandeveryday,regardless
oftheweather.Hewouldevenstayoutsideinastorm,notcomingbackuntilheknewhehadtherightphotos.He
hardlyevertookadayoffandnotoncestayedhomesick.Thisdevotionandhardworkiswhatweseereflected
withinhisphotos.Thisiswhatmakesthemsospecial.
5Althoughhewasaworld-famousfashionphotographer,Cunningham’sapproachtolifewasuncomplicated.He
livedinasmallapartmentwithasharedwashroom.simplerestaurantwaswhereheusuallyhadthesamemealof
sausages,eggsandcoffee.
虽然坎宁安是一位世界著名的时尚摄影师，但他的生活方式却并不复杂。他住在一间与其他人共用浴室的小公寓里。他经常到一家简单的餐馆吃同样的食物，有香肠、鸡蛋和咖啡。
6Cunninghamneveracceptedthebenefitsofferedtohimforbeingafashionphotographer.Hevaluedhisintegrity
andwouldnotbeboughtbyanyone,nomatterhowmanyfreeclothesorflightstofarawaydestinationshewas
offered.Andifhewenttoacelebrityparty,hewastheretoworkratherthanhavefun.“Money’sthecheapestthing,”
5
heoncesaid,thenadded:“…freedomisthemostexpensive.”Thislackofself-interestandpromotionkept
Cunninghamfocusedonhiscraft,enablinghimtocaptureNewYork’suniquestreetstyle.
7Cunningham’spassionforphotographylastedthroughouthislife.Hewas87whenhepassedaway,andhadbeen
workingrightupuntilhislastillness.Nothingeverstoppedhimfromgettingthephotohewanted.Hishardwork
madehimmorethanafashionphotographer—hewasa“culturalanthropologist”,whowecanthankforrecording
thelifeofawholecityanditspeopleoverhalfacentury.BillCunninghamwasanobserver,andnotoneofthe
observed,workernotastar—andthiswashowhewantedit.
坎宁安对摄影的热爱贯穿他的一生。他在87岁时与世长辞，一直到最后生病前他都在工作。没有什么能阻挡他拍到想要的照片。他的辛勤工作使他不仅是一名时尚摄影师——他更是一位“文化人类学家”，我们感谢他记录了整个城市及其人民长达半个世纪的生活。比尔坎宁安是一位观察者，而不是位被观察者，是一名劳动者而不是一个明星——而这正是他想要的。
Developingideas(P20-21)
MASTERSOFTIME
1InthequietcourtyardsofXiSanSuo,behindthehighwallsoftheForbiddenCity,timeticksatitsownpace.If
ithadn’tbeenforathree-episodedocumentary,outsiderswouldneverhaveknownthattheplainly-dressedpeople
workingherearemastersoftheircraft,whohavespenttheirlivesrestoringpreciousantiques.Amongtheseisthe
clockrestorationmaster,WangJin.
2Walkingthroughthesevencrimsongatestowardshisworkplace,WangJinstillregardshimselfasanordinary
workerinthePalaceMuseum,althoughnowheisoftenstoppedbyadmirerswantingtheirphototakenwithhim.
Dayin,dayout,MrWangandhisstudentsspendtheirtimerestoringclocksdatingbackhundredsofyears.Butfor
quitesometime,heandhisstudentQiHaonanusedtobetheonlytwopeoplerepairingtimepiecesinthePalace
Museum.
3Qingemperorswereveryfondofclocks.Therefore,inordertopleasethem,foreignenvoyspresentedthese
emperorswiththemostintricateandsplendidtimepieces.Today,thePalaceMuseumhasoneofthemostsignificant
collectionsoftimepiecesintheworld,mainlyoriginatingfromEuropeandChina.Withobjectsrangingfromsmall
pocketwatchestoclocksoveronemetreinheight,eachoftheserequiresitsownuniquemethodofrestoration.
Giventhecomplexityoftheworkandthelackofnecessarymaterials,thismeansthateachexpertcanworkona
maximumoftwolargepiecesayear.But,throughtheirpainstakingefforts,MrWangandhisstudentsdomorethan
6
repairtheclocks—theybringthembacktolife.
清朝的皇帝们十分喜欢钟表。因此，外国使节们把最精致、最华丽的钟表送给这些皇帝来取悦他们。如今，故宫博物院拥有一部分世界上最重要的钟表藏品，这些钟表主要来自欧洲和中国。小到怀表，大到超过一米高的钟表，每一件都有其独特的修复方法。工作的复杂性和必要材料的缺乏意味着每位专家每年最多只能修复两件大型钟表。但是，王先生和他的学生们通过艰苦的努力不只是修复了钟表——他们还让钟表恢复了生命。
4TheonlysoundtobreakthesilenceinWangJin’sworkshopisthechimingmelodyoftherepairedandpolished
clocks.ToWangJinitisthemostbeautifulmusicintheworld.Now,aftereightmonthsofendlessadjustments,the
timehasfinallycomeforMrWangtowindupthegiganticclocksthatdatebacktothetimeofEmperorQianlong.
Theintricatelyfashionedobjectsthathavestoodstillforcenturiesinstantlycomebacktolife:waterflows,boats
sail,dogsbark,chickensflaptheirwingsandawomanstartstospin.Itisatrulyawe-inspiringmoment.Itis
suddenlyclearthatwhentheclockmasterssaythat“theseantiqueshavelives”,itisneitheranexaggerationnora
metaphor.
在王津的工作坊里，唯一能打破寂静的声音是在修理、抛光钟表时发出的报时的旋律。对王津来说，这是世界上最美的音乐。经过八个月无休止的调整，王先生现在终于进行到了为乾隆皇帝时代的巨型钟表上弦的时候。那些已经静止了几个世纪的造型复杂的摆件瞬间复活了:水流动着，船航行着，狗吠叫着，鸡拍动着翅膀，一个女人纺着线。这真是一个令人惊叹的时刻。人们突然明白，当钟表大师们说“这些古董有生命”时，这既不是夸张，也不是比喻。
5But,despitethecombinedworkofseveralgenerationsofmasters,itseemsunlikelythattherestorationofthe
clockswilleverbecomplete.EvenifeveryclockinthePalaceMuseumwererestored,therewouldstillbeworkto
do,becauserestorationwouldprobablyneedtobeginagainontheclocksthatwererepairedlongago.Thisisarace
againsttimethatcanneverbewon!Nonetheless,MrWangremainsoptimisticaboutthefutureofthesetimepieces.
Followinginthefootstepsofhisownteacherallthoseyearsago,MrWanghasnowpassedonhisskillstothenew
members,whowilltakeonmanyofthefuturerepairs.What’smore,inspiredtofollowinhisfather’sfootsteps,Mr
Wang’ssonnowhasalsotakenuprepairingantiqueclocks.Thisnewgenerationofartisanswillnotonlyhelp
preservetraditionalskills;theinnovationtheybringtothecraftwillalsoensurethattheartofclockrepairingstands
thetestoftime.
6Intoday’sfast-pacedworld,thesayingthat“timewaitsfornoman”hasneverseemedmoreapt.Yetinsidethe
hiddencourtyardsofXiSanSuo,thereissomethingtimelessaboutthewayMrWangandhiscolleaguessedately
piecetogetherthepastwithskillfulhandsandmodesthearts.Itisasiftheyhavebecomeonewiththeircraftand
withthehistoryofthecountry.
7
Unit3Warandpeace
Understandingideas(P26-27)
TheD-DAYLANDINGS
诺曼底登陆
1Byspring1944,theSecondWorldWarhadbeenragingacrosstheglobeforaboutfiveyears.Butalongthesouth
coastofEngland,somethingunusualwashappening:AlliedtroopsmadeupmainlyofBritish,Canadianand
Americansoldiersweregatheringinlargenumbers.Thismarkedoneofthefinalstagesofatop-secretoperation
thathadbeenmonths,perhapsyears,intheplanning.Code-named“OperationOverlord”,itwasthelargest
combinedsea,airandlandoperationinhistory,theaimbeingtofreenorth-westEuropefromGermanoccupation.
Afterwaitingfortheperfectcombinationofweather,moonandtides,thedateforthestartofOperationOverlord
wassetfor6June.
1944年春天，第二次世界大战的战火已经席卷全球大约五年之久。但是在英格兰的南部海岸正发生着不寻常的事情：由英国、加拿大和美国士兵组成的盟军正在大量聚集这标志着一场计划了数月，甚至可能是数年的绝密行动终于进入了最后阶段。这次作战行动的代号为“霸王行动”，它是历史上规模最大的海、陆、空三方力量集结的行动，目的是解放德国占领的欧洲西北部地区。在确保天气、月亮和潮水三者达到最佳结合点后，“霸王行动”最终定在了6月6日。
2AnorderissuedbySupremeAlliedCommanderGeneralEisenhowertothetroopsread:“Yourtaskwillnotbean
easyone.Yourenemyiswelltrained,wellequippedButthisistheThetidehas
turned!ThefreemenoftheworldaremarchingtogethertoVictory!Ihavefullconfidenceinyourcourage,devotion
todutyandskillinbattle.WewillacceptnothinglessthanfullVictory!”
盟军最高司令艾森豪威尔将军在鼓舞军队士气时说道：“你们的任务将不会轻松。敌人训练有素、武器精良，而且久经沙场……但今年是1944年…时局已经发生转变!全世界自由的人们正在一起向胜利前进!我对你们的勇气、责任心和作战能力十分有信心。我们将迎接的只会是彻底的胜利!”
3Withthesewordsringingintheirears,AlliedsoldierspreparedforwhatwouldbecomeknownasD-DayAtdawn
on6June,thousandslandedbyparachutebehindenemylinesinnorthernFrance.Meanwhile,thousandsmorewere
journeyingacrosstheEnglishChanneltoNormandy,protectedbyfighterplanesintheskiesabovethem.Their
objectivewasclear:toreachtheNormandybeachesalongabout80kilometresofFrenchcoastline.Buteveninthe
depthsofwar,fewcouldhavebeenpreparedfortheviolenceandhorrortheywouldexperiencethere.
盟军土兵耳中回荡着这些话语，做好了登陆诺曼底的准备。6月6日清晨，数千名士兵在法国北部空降在敌人后方。与此同时，更有数千名土兵在战斗机的保护下，穿越英吉利海峡，在诺曼底登陆。他们的目标十分明确：到达法国海岸线约80千米外的诺曼底海滩。但就算是深陷战争，也很少有人能够做好准备，面临即将发生的残暴和恐怖。
4ThefiercestfightingwasatOmahaBeach.Theenemywerehiding,readytoattacktheAlliedsoldiersevenbefore
theyreachedland.Boatswerehitandmendrowned,whilethosewhodidmakeittothebeachfacedheavymachine
gunfire.Bymid-morning,hundredslaydeadinthewaterandamongstthetanksonthebeach.Onesoldierrecalled
howhebarelymadeitwithbombsfallingallaroundhim:“Iwasthefirstoneout.Theseventhmanwasthenext
onetogetacrossthebeachwithoutbeinghit.Alltheonesinbetweenwerehit.Twowerekilled;threewereinjured.
8
That’showluckyyouhadtobe.”
奥马哈海滩的情况最不容乐观。敌人藏身于各个地方，准备在盟军登陆前就开始进攻。船被击翻，一些人落水而亡，而那些成功登陆的人面对的则是机关枪的猛烈扫射。上午10点左右已有上百人在水中或在海滩上的坦克之间阵亡。一名士兵事后回忆他是如何在轰炸中侥幸脱险的：“我是第一个冲出来的人，第七个冲出来的士兵是第二个穿过海滩没有被击中的，我俩之间的士兵全被击中了，其中有两人死亡，三人受伤。真的是要有天大的幸运才能躲过这一劫。”
5But,despitethehighcostinhumanlife,theD-Daylandingswereasuccessandwereseenwidelyasthebeginning
oftheendoftheSecondWorldWar.BytheendofAugust1944,theAllieshadreachedtheRiverSeine,Pariswas
liberated,andtheGermanshadbeenremovedfromnorth-westFrance.TheAlliedforcesthenpreparedtoenter
Germany,wheretheywouldmeetupwiththeSovietmilitarymovinginfromtheeast.
尽管伤亡惨重，诺曼底登陆还是取得了成功，并且被人们普遍视为第二次世界大战结束的开端。在1944年8月底，盟军抵达塞纳河，解放了巴黎，从法国西北部赶走了德国人。之后盟军准备进攻德国，而苏联军队也正从德国东部攻入，两军相遇。
6Seventyyearslater,menwhohadfoughtonD-DaygatheredonbothsidesoftheEnglishChannel,wherepeople
werecomingtogetherformemorialceremonies.Aspartofthissolemnandmovingoccasion,aformersoldierread
outtothecrowdtheselinesfromthepoemFortheFallen,byLaurenceBinyon:
70年后，曾在诺曼底登陆中奋战的将士聚集在英吉利海峡两岸，人们共同参加纪念仪式。在庄重感人的仪式上，一位当时参战的老兵向众人朗诵了劳伦斯比尼恩《谨献给阵亡将士》一诗中的一段:
Theyshallgrownotold,aswethatareleftgrowold:
Ageshallnotwearythem,northeyearscondemn.
Atthegoingdownofthesunandinthemorning
Wewillrememberthem.
我们会日渐衰老，但他们永远不会老去：
他们永远不为年龄所难，永远不为岁月所累。
每当夕阳西下，每当清晨来临
我们都会想起他们。
7SurvivorsoftheD-Daylandingscontinuetomeettorememberthefellowsoldiersandfriendstheylostthatday.
Althougheachyeartheyarefewerinnumber,theiroutstandingactsofcouragemeanthatwewillalwaysremember
them-aswellasthosewholosttheirlivesonthebeachesofnorthernFrance.
诺曼底登陆的幸存者每年都会相聚并纪念他们在登陆那天失去的战友和朋友。虽然每年相聚的人越来越少，但他们的英勇壮举将会让我们永远铭记他们，以及那些在法国北部海滩上阵亡的士兵。
Developingideas(P32-33)
LIANDA:APLACEOFPASSION,BELIEFANDCOMMITMENT
联大：一个充满热情、信念和奉献的地方
1Throughouthistory,thegreatthinkersoftheworldhaveoftenratherromanticallyreferredtotheiracademic
strugglesasbeinglike“war”.However,formostofthem,the“war”hasbeenpurelysymbolic.Realwarisnever
romanticasitbringssufferingandimmensechallenges.
纵观历史，世界上伟大的思想家们常常以一种浪漫的说法把他们的学术之争比喻为“战争”。然而，对他们中的大多数人来说，“战争”一词纯粹是象征性的。真正的战争从来不是浪漫的，因为它会带来痛苦和巨9
大的挑战。
2In1937,theaggressionoftheJapanesearmybroughtdisastertoChina’sthreegreatuniversities:PekingUniversity
andTsinghuaUniversitywereoccupiedbyJapanesetroops,whileNankaiUniversitywascompletelydestroyedby
bombing.Tosavetheireducationalandintellectualheritage,thethreeuniversitiesjoinedtogetherinKunmingas
NationalSouthwestAssociatedUniversity,otherwiseknownasLianda.
1937年，日军的侵略给中国三所著名大学带来了灾难：北京大学和清华大学被日本军队占领，南开大学被彻底炸毁。为了保护教育和知识遗产这三所大学在昆明联合成立了国立西南联合大学，简称联大。
3Professorsandstudentsalikeinthethreeuniversitiesmadeanepicjourneyoveradistanceofmorethan2,000
kilometres,mostofthemonfoot.Theirbedwasthedustyroadandtheirroofwastheopensky,oftenlitupby
explodingJapanesebombs.Conditionswerelittlebetteroncetheyreachedtheremoteandmountainoussouth-west
partofChina.Theyhadtoliveinroughbuildings,packed40toaroom,likesardines.Thereweredireshortagesof
food,books,andequipment.Furthermore,classeswerefrequentlydisruptedduetofierceairattacksandoftenhad
tobeheldbefore10amandafter4pm.
4However,despitetheimmensehardshipsandthedauntingchallenges,itwasrightinthisplace,overaperiodof
eightlongyears,thatthenation’sintellectualheritagewasnotonlyguardedbutfortifiedbythepassionandbelief
oftheworthyacademicsofLianda.Itisnowonderthatmany,ifnotmost,ofChina’sleadingscholarsandscientists
emergedatLianda,includingthetwoNobelPrize-winningphysicists,YangZhenningandLiZhengdao.“Lianda
laidthefoundationforeveryachievementIhavemade,”Yangrecalled.Hestillrememberslearninginatemporary
classroomthathadnoglassinthewindows.“Onwindydays,wehadtoholddownthepaperonthedesk,which
wouldotherwisebeblownaway,”hesaid.
然而，尽管面临着巨大的困难和艰巨的挑战，在这个地方，经过八年漫长的岁月，国家的知识遗产不仅得到了保护，还得到了强化，这些都归功于联大杰出学者们的热情和信念。难怪即使不是大多数，但也有许多中国领先的学者和科学家都是联大出身，包括两位诺贝尔奖得主，物理学家杨振宁和李政道。“联大为我所取得的每项成就奠定了基础。”杨振宁回忆道。他还记得在一间窗户没有玻璃的临时教室里学习。“在刮风的日子里，我们不得不把纸按在桌子上，否则纸就会被风吹走。”他说。
5Withthecountryatwar,studentsatLiandawerenotgoingtoshirktheirduty.Drivenbyasenseofcommitment,
agreatmanyjoinedthearmytoresisttheJapaneseinvadersanddefendthehonourofthenation.Infact,Lianda
providedthelargestnumberofstudent-soldiersfromanycampusinChina.Ofthethousandsofcollegestudents
fromalloverChinawhoservedasinterpreters,onetenthwerefromLianda,includingthewell-knowntranslators
ZhaLiangzhengandXuYuanchong.Zhalaterdepictedthecontributionsofhispeersinapoem:
国家正处于战争状态，联大的学生们不会逃避他们的责任。在献身精神的驱使下，许多人参军抵抗日本侵略者，保卫国家的荣誉。事实上，联大输送的学生士兵的数量是中国所有校园中最多的。在来自全国各地担任翻译的数千名大学生中，有十分之一的人来自联大，其中包括著名的翻译家查良铮和许渊冲。查良铮后来在一首诗中描述了他的同龄人所做的贡献:
Softly,onthehillsideforgottenbyall,
10
Amistyrainfallsinagentlebreeze;
Thereisnotraceofthefootprintsofhistory;
Wherebravesoulsoncestood,breathingnewlifeintothetrees.
静静的，在那被遗忘的山坡上，
还下着密雨，还吹着细风；
没有人知道历史曾在此走过，
留下了英灵化入树干而滋生。
6Aproductofthewar,Liandaisnowphysicallygone.ButithasbecomethecrowninggloryofChina’smodern
universities,notonlybecauseofitsprominentprofessorsandtalentedstudents,butalsobecauseoftheschool’s
strongspiritofperseveranceanddedication.In2017,representativesfromPekingUniversity,TsinghuaUniversity,
NankaiUniversityandYunnanNormalUniversitygatheredtocommemoratethe80thanniversaryofitsfounding.
作为战争的产物，联大现在已经不复存在。但它已经成为了中国现代大学的最高荣耀，这不仅仅是因为那些杰出的教授和才华横溢的学生，也因为联大坚忍不拔和勇于奉献的精神。2017年，北京大学、清华大学、南开大学和云南师范大学的代表们齐聚一堂，共同纪念联大建校80周年。
7Morethaneightyyearson,thepricelesscontributionofLiandastillneedstobereaffirmed.Ithasbecomepartof
thecollectivememoryoftheChinesenation,withitsspiritastheblueprintforalluniversitiesinChinainthemodern
era.
尽管已经历经80多年，联大做出的无价贡献仍值得重申。它已成为中华民族集体记忆的一部分，联大精神更是描绘了现代中国所有大学的蓝图。
Unit4Aglimpseofthefuture
Understandingideas(P38-39)
ArtificialIntelligence:AREALTHREAT
人工智能:真正的威胁
InthewordsofProfessorStephenHawking,ArtificialIntelligencewillbe“eitherthebest,ortheworstthing,ever
tohappentohumanity”.TechnologyofTomorrowForumwantstohearyourthoughtsonAI.Isitourgreatesthuman
achievementsofarOrisitthebiggestthreattoourexistence
用斯蒂芬霍金教授的话说，人工智能将是“人类有史以来最好或最坏的事情”。明日科技论坛希望听到您对人工智能的想法。到目前为止，人工智能算是我们人类最伟大的成就还是对我们生存的最大威胁呢
Millenniumbutterfly
千禧蝶
1ThankstoAI,I’vegotmyownsuper-smartpersonalassistantbuiltintomyphone.Shealwayshasanimmediate
answerforanyquestionIputtoher,andevenusesmyanswerstolearnmoreaboutmypreferences.Itusedtofeel
like50percentofmytimewasspentresearchingnewrestaurants.Incontrast,myPAonlyneedsafewsecondsto
findtherightplace.EveryrecommendationshegivesmeisgreatsinceshecanpredictifIwilllikeaparticular
restaurant.
相比之下，有了私人助手，只需数秒就能找到正确的餐厅了。因为她可以预测我是否会喜欢某一个餐厅，所以她给我的每一个建议都很棒。
2Andspeakingofhangingout,I’mhopingthatself-drivingcarsareavailablesoon.I’vebeentakingdrivinglessons
foroverayear,andstillhaven’tgotmylicence.Self-drivingcarscanlearntodriveinthesamewaythatwedo,and
canmakejudgementsbasedoninformation.Andastheywon’tbesusceptibletohumanerror,they’llcertainlybea
lotsafer.Theonlythingisthattheremightbeafewmachine-learningproblemswhenthefirstcarshitthemarket,
soperhapsI’dbetterlearntodrivefirst.Still,dothinkthatdevelopmentsinAlwillonthewholemakedoingday-to-daythingsloteasier.
说到出去玩，我希望自动驾驶汽车能很快面世。我已经上驾驶课一年多了，但仍然没有拿到驾照自动驾驶汽车可以学习与我们相同的驾驶模式，并且可以根据信息做出判断。而且由于它们不会受到人为错误的影响肯定会安全得多。唯一的问题是，当第一批汽车上市时，可能会有一些机器学习问题，所以也许我最好先学会驾驶。不过，我确实认为，总体而言，人工智能的发展将使日常工作变得更加容易。
Popkid
小破孩儿
3Thetechnologyyou’reusingandenjoyingtodayisabasicformofAIwhichcan’tthinkindependentlywithout
programming.Ofcourse,itcouldbeveryusefultohaveamoreadvancedformofAI—atrulyindependentformof
artificialintelligence,capableofexercisingitsownjudgement,couldhelpussolvemanyoftheworld’sproblems.
ButhaveyoueverthoughtabouttherisksAfterall,whywouldanindependentformofAlneedtoconsiderthe
opinionsanddesiresofhumansWecouldbeseena“small”inconveniencethat’sinthewayofasolutiontoa
biggerproblem.Ifwe’relucky,AImightthinkwe’revaluableenoughtokeeparound.Ifnot,itmightwipeusall
out!
你今天正在使用和享受的技术是人工智能的基本形式，没有程序它就无法独立思考。当然，拥有更先进的人工智能形式非常有用，这种更先进的人工智能形式是一种真正独立的人工智能形式，能够运用自己的判断力，可以帮助我们解决世界上的许多问题。但是你是否考虑过风险毕竟，为什么独立的人工智能形式需要考虑人类的选择和欲望我们可能会被视为解决更大问题道路上的一个“小麻烦”。如果幸运的话，人工智能可能会认为我们足够有价值，可以留下来。否则，它可能会扫清我们所有人!
4Evenifthatdoesn’thappen,thereareotherrisks.Millenniumbutterfly,yousayhowgreatitwouldbetohaveself-drivingcars,butwhataboutallthetaxidriverswhowouldlosetheirjobsTheywouldjustbeamongthefirst
victimsofAI.Nearlyeveryjobispotentiallyatriskinthelongrun.Evenjournalistsarenowbeingreplacedwith
technologythatcanwritebasicnewsreports.Asitis,almost50percentofUSjobsareatriskfromautomationin
thenext20years.
尽管还没有发生什么，但确实存在其他的风险。千禧蝶，你说拥有自动驾驶汽车会很棒，但出租车司机会失业这个问题呢他们将会是人工智能的第一批受害者。长此以往，几乎所有工作都可能处于潜在危险之中。甚至现在的新闻工作者也正在被可以撰写简单的新闻报道的技术所取代。实际上，在未来20年中，美国有将近50％的工作会受到自动化的威胁。
5ThetruthisthatnoneofusispreparedforthechallengesofAI.
事实上，我们中没有人做好了面对人工智能的挑战的准备。
Pink_haze
粉红烟雾
6Machinelearningissomethingwehavecometoacceptasapartofourmodernworld.Ibelievemostofthevalue
12
ofAIliesinitscapacitytoanalyseandinterpretvastamountsofdata,whichmeansitcanevensolveproblemsthat
aretoochallengingforhumanexperts.
机器学习作为现代世界的一部分，已经成为我们接受的东西。我认为人工智能的大部分价值在于它分析和解析庞大数据的能力，也就是说它甚至能够解决对于人类专家来说具有挑战性的问题。
7Butwhilesuper-intelligentAIcouldbethebiggestleapforwardinhumanhistory,ifitgoeswrongorfallsinto
thewronghands,itcouldalsobethemostdangerous.However,AIisnotgoingtogoaway.Wehavenochoicebut
toembraceitandregulateit.OnethingIthinkweallagreeon,though,isthatsaying“MyAIdidit”won’tbeany
excuseforillegalorimmoralbehaviour!
虽然超智能AI可能是人类有史以来的最大飞跃，但如果出错或者落入坏人手中，它同时可能是最危险的。但是，人工智能不会消失。我们别无选择，只能接受它并加以规范。不过，我想大家都认可的点就是，“这是我的AI做的!”这句话不会成为非法行为或不道德行为的任何借口。
Developingideas(P44-45)
ABoy’sBestFriend
男孩的挚友
1MrAndersonsaid,“Where’sJimmy,dear”“Outonthecrater,”saidMrsAnderson.“Robuttiswithhim.Didhe
arrive”“Yes.He’sattherocketstation,goingthroughthetests.Ihaven’treallyseenonesinceIleftEarth15years
ago.”
安德森先生问：“亲爱的，吉米在哪儿”“在外面的环形山上，”安德森太太回答道，”罗布特跟吉米在一起。它到了吗”“是的，在火箭站，正在接受测试。自从15年前我离开地球后，就从没见过真正的狗了。”
2“Jimmyhasneverseenone,”saidMrsAnderson.
“吉米从来没见过狗。”安德森太太说。
3“Becausehe’sMoon-bornandcan’tvisitEarth.That’swhyI’mbringingonehere.Ithinkit’sthefirstoneeveron
theMoon.”
“因为吉米是在月球上出生的，他不能去地球。所以我要带过来一只。我觉得这应该是月球上有史以来的第一只狗。”
4Jimmywasoutonthecrater,ashismotherhadsaid.Hisarmsandlegswerelongandagile.Helookedthicker
andstubbierwithhisspacesuiton,buthecouldhandlethelunargravityasnoEarth-bornhumanbeingcould.The
outersideofthecraterslopedsouthwardandtheEarth,whichwaslowinthesouthernskywasnearlyfull,sothat
theentirecrater-slopewasbrightlylit.Theslopewasagentleoneandeventheweightofthespacesuitcouldn’t
keepJimmyfromracingupitinafloatinghopthatmadethegravityseemnonexistent.
正如吉米妈妈所说，他在外面的环形山上。吉米手长脚长，行动灵活。穿着太空服的吉米虽看起来臃肿矮胖了一些，但他能承受月球引力，而在地球出生的人是不能承受这种引力的。环形山外侧向南倾斜，南面天空下方的地球全部显现出来，因此整个环形山山坡明亮了起来。山坡非常平缓，即使吉米穿着厚重的太空服，也不能阻碍他跳着跃向山坡，就好像引力不存在一样。
5“Comeon,Robutt,”heshouted.Robutt,whocouldhearhimbyradio,squeakedandboundedafter.
“快过来，罗布特。”他大喊。靠电波辨认声音的罗布特发出叫声，跳着跑向吉米。
6Jimmy,expertthoughhewas,couldn’toutraceRobutt,whodidn’tneedaspacesuit,andhadfourlegsandtendons
ofsteel.Jimmycouldn’tgowrongwhileRobuttwasaround,trippinghimwhenhewastooneararock,orjumping
13
onhimtoshowhowmuchhelovedhim,orcirclingaroundandsqueakinglowandscaredwhenJimmyhidbehind
arock,whenallthetimeRobuttknewwellenoughwherehewas.
论速度，吉米虽然是个能手，但他比不过罗布特，因为它有四条腿和钢铁做的肌腱，还不用穿太空服。只要有罗布特相伴，吉米就没有危险。当吉米过于靠近一块岩石，它会扑倒他;罗布特还会扑向他，以表达爱意;当吉米藏在岩石后，罗布特就原地打转，低吼，战战兢兢，不论什么时候，罗布特都对吉米的位置了如指掌。
7Heheardhisfather’svoiceonhisprivatewavelength.“Jimmy,comeback.Ihavesomethingtotellyou.”
吉米通过自己的专属波长接收到了爸爸的声音，“吉米，回来一下。我有事情要和你说。”
8MrAndersonwassmiling.“Wehavesomethingforyou,Jimmy.It’sattherocketstationnow,butwe’llhaveit
tomorrowafterallthetestsareover.”
安德森先生面带微笑，“吉米，我们有东西要给你，它现在就在火箭建站，但是要等到明天所有测试结束后，我们才能接到它。”
9“FromEarth,Dad”
“是从地球来的吗，爸爸”
10“AdogfromEarth,son.ThefirstdogontheMoon.Youwon’tneedRobuttanymore.Wecan’tkeepthemboth,
andsomeotherboyorgirlwillhaveRobutt.”HeseemedtobewaitingforJimmytosaysomething,thenhesaid,
“Youknowwhatadogis,Jimmy.It’stherealthing.Robutt’sonlyamechanicalimitation,arobot-mutt.That’show
hegothisname.”
“是从地球来的小狗，儿子，是月球上的第一只狗。你将不再需要罗布特了。我们不能同时要两只，其他的孩子会收养罗布特。”他好像在等吉米说点什么，接着又说，“你会知道什么才是真正的狗，吉米。狗是有生命的。罗布特仅仅是机械仿制品，是一只机器狗罢了。所以它才叫罗布特。”
11Jimmyfrowned.“Robuttisn’tanimitation,Dad.”
吉米皱皱眉头，“爸爸，罗布特不是仿制品。”
12“Robutt’sjuststeelandwiringandasimplepositronicbrain.”
“罗布特只是用钢铁和电线制造的，只有一个简单的正电子大脑。”
13“HedoeseverythingIwanthimtodo,Dad.Heunderstandsme.”
“爸爸，我想让它做什么，它都能做到，它懂我。”
14“No,son.Robuttisjustamachine.It’sjustprogrammedtoactthewayitdoes.Adogisalive.You’llseethe
differenceoncehegetshere.”
“不是这样的，儿子。罗布特只是一个机器。它的反应只不过是按照编好的程序去做而已。正的狗是有生命的。等小狗来了，你就会明白二者的不同之处了。”
15JimmylookedatRobutt,whowassqueakingagain,averylow,slowsqueakthatseemedfrightened.Jimmyheld
outhisarmsandRobuttwasintheminonebound.
吉米看着又在吼叫的罗布特，它的叫声非常低沉缓慢，好像受到了惊吓。吉米伸出双臂，罗布特一跃跳了上去。
16Jimmysaid,“WhatwillthedifferencebebetweenRobuttandthedog”
吉米问：“那罗布特和真正的小狗有什么不一样呢”
17“It’shardtoexplain,”saidMrAnderson,“butitwillbeeasytosee.Thedogwillreallyloveyou.Robuttisjust
adjustedtoactasthoughitlovesyou.”
“这很难解释。”安德森先生说，“但用眼睛看的话，会很容易。小狗会真的爱你，而罗布特只是设定好，14
假装很爱你。”
18“But,Dad,wedon’tknowwhat’sinsidethedog,orwhathisfeelingsare.Maybeit’sjustacting,too.”
“但是，爸爸，我们并不知道小狗真正想的是什么，它是什么感觉。可能它也只是在假装。”
19MrAndersonfrowned.“Jimmy,you’llknowthedifferencewhenyouexperiencetheloveofalivingthing.”
安德森先生眉头一皱，“吉米，如果你体验过一个生命体对你的爱时，你就会明白其中的不同。”
20JimmyheldRobutttightly.Hewasfrowning,too,andthedesperatelookonhisfacemeantthathewouldn’t
changehismind.Hesaid,“Butwhat’sthedifferencehowtheyactHowabouthowIfeelIloveRobuttandthat’s
whatcounts.”
吉米紧紧抱着罗布特。他也皱着眉头，脸上的坚定表明他不愿改变心意。他说：“那它们在行为上有什么不一样那我的想法呢我爱罗布特，我觉得这是最重要的。”
21Andthelittlerobot-mutt,whichhadneverbeenheldsotightlyinallitsexistence,squeakedhighandrapid
squeaks—happysqueaks.
小小的机器狗自出现以来从未被抱得那么紧，它发出尖细且急促的叫声，那是快乐的叫声。
(Adaptationofexcerptsfrom“ABoy’sBestFriend”byIsaacAsimov)(节选自艾萨克·阿西莫夫的《男孩的挚友》)
Unit5Learningfromnature
Understandingideas(P50-51)
NatureinArchitecture
建筑中的自然元素
1Trees,plantsandflowersareallaroundusandweenjoytheirbeautyeveryday.Infact,wearesousedtothem
thatweeventakethemforgrantedwithoutrealisinghowmuchinspirationtheyhavegivenus.Whenwelookata
pinecone,wemightthinkhowmuchitlookslikethetilesonaroof.Anopenflowermightmakeusthinkhow
closelyitresemblesanumbrella.Itisnaturaltothinkinthisway,butofcourseitwasn’ttheumbrellathatinspired
theflowerortheroofthatinspiredthepinecone.
我们身边都有花、草、树木，并且每天都能欣赏到它们的美。事实上，我们已经习惯了它们的存在，甚至可能把它们视为理所当然，却没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵感。看到一个松果，我们可能会想它看起来多么像屋顶上的瓦片;看到一朵绽开的花，我们可能会觉得它和雨伞是多么相似。以这种方式思考是很自然的，但当然不是雨伞给了花朵灵感，也不是屋顶给了松果灵感。
2Naturehasinspiredmanyofthemostfascinatingdesignsaroundus,includingthoseinarchitecture.From
Barcelona’sforest-likeSagradaFamiliatothemodernstyleofBeijing’sWaterCube,natureispresentedinvarious
architecturaldesigns.Today,architectscontinuetoexplorewaystocapturethebeautyofnaturalformstomimicthe
waynatureworksoreventomakenaturalorganismspartofabuilding.
我们身边许多最迷人的设计，包括建筑设计，它们的灵感都来自大自然。从巴塞罗那的森林般的圣家族大教堂到现代风格的北京水立方，在各式各样的建筑设计中都能发现自然元素。如今，建筑师不断探寻捕捉自然形态之美的方法，模仿自然运行的方式，或者让自然生物融为建筑的一部分。
ArtScienceMuseum,Singapore
新加坡艺术科学博物馆
3PeoplewhoseinterestisexploringtherelationshipbetweenartandsciencewillenjoySingapore’sArtScience
15
Museum.Thebuildingwasdesignedtoshowtheconnectionbetweennatureandthemoderncityenvironmentin
whichitsits.Shapedtoresemblealotusflower,itappearstofloatabovethewaterfrontpromenadeandthewater
thatsurroundsit.Itsroofcollectsrainwaterandchannelsit35metresdowntoawaterfallinthecentreofthespace.
Thewateristhenrecycledthroughthebuilding’splumbingsystem.Visitorsareoftenamazedtofindthemselvesin
anurbanbuildingthatsotrulycapturesthebeautyofnaturalforms.
对探索艺术与科学的关系感兴趣的人会乐于参观新加坡的艺术科学博物馆。该建筑旨在展示自然和现代城市环境之间的联系。它的形状像一朵莲花，漂浮在海滨长廊上，四周被水环绕。它的屋顶可收集雨水，雨水顺着管道向下35米到达博物馆中心的瀑布。然后，水通过建筑的管道系统循环使用。当置身于这样一座真实地捕捉到自然形态之美的城市建筑中时，参观者常常叹为观止。
TheEastgateCentre,Harare
哈拉雷东门大厦
4Harare’sEastgateCentreisasuperbexampleofbiomimicry;Tousebiomimicryistocreatestructuresbasedon
naturalformsandprocesses.ZimbabweanarchitectMickPearcewasinspiredtocreatetheCentrewhilewatching
anaturedocumentaryinwhichtermiteswereconstructingtheirnests.Theinsectsbuiltmoundscoveredinlittle
holesdesignedtoallowairtomovefreelyinandoutofthemounds.Inasimilarway,theEastgateCentrehasa
“skin”coveredinholes.Duringtheday,warmairisdrawnintothebuildingthroughtheholes,coolingasitreaches
themiddleofthebuilding.Atnight,theheatabsorbedbythewallduringthedaywarmsthecoolair,creatinga
comfortabletemperatureinside.Thedesignreducestheneedfortraditionalairconditioningandheatingsystems,
sothebuildinguseslessenergyandcostslesstorun.
哈拉雷东门大厦是极好的仿生学范例，利用仿生技术，在自然形态和过程的基础上创造建筑结构。津巴布韦建筑师米克皮尔斯在一部大自然纪录片中看到白蚁筑造蚁穴，从中得到启发，从而设计了东门大厦。这种昆虫搭建表面覆有小洞的蚁丘，以保证蚁丘内外部的空气流通。东门大厦也用了相似的方法，大厦的“皮肤”上设计了很多洞。白天，暖空气通过洞口引入建筑内部，在流向建筑中部的过程中冷却下来。夜间，墙壁吸收的热量使冷空气变暖，创造着适宜的内部温度条件。该设计减少了对传统空调和供暖系统的需求，因此建筑运行能耗和成本都较低。
TheAlgaeHouse,Hamburg
汉堡藻屋
5Theworld’sfirstalgae-poweredbuildingisinHamburg,Germany.Thesurfaceoftheapartmentbuildingis
coveredinpanelsthatcontainalgae.Thealgaearefedwithliquidnutrientsandcarbondioxidetoencouragethem
togrow.Inbrightsunshine,theygrowfasterandprovideshade.Thepanelsalsocaptureheatfromthesunand
convertitintoenergythatpowersthebuilding.Andthat’snotall-thealgaeinsidethepanelscanbeharvestedand
usedtoproducefuel.Thebuildingthereforenotonlyrespondstoitsenvironmentanduseslessenergy,butalso
reducesdamagetotheenvironmentbygeneratingitsownrenewableenergy.
世界上第一座藻类能源建筑位于德国汉堡。公寓楼表面的面板上覆盖着藻类。藻类以液体营养素和工氧化碳为养料，促进自身生长。阳光明媚的时候，它们长得更快，可以遍阴。这些面板还可以吸收太阳的热量，并转化为电能，给建筑物供电。除此之外，面板内的藻类可以收集起来，做燃料用。因此，该建筑不仅能够适应环境，减少能耗，而且自身可以产生可再生能源，减少对环境的危害。
6Creatingbuildingssuchastheseenablesustoliveincloserharmonywithourenvironment.Tomeettheneedsof
todaywhileprotectingtheworldoftomorrowmaybeachallenge,buteventhesimplestorganismscanhelpteach
ushowtoachievethis.
16
创造这样的建筑物能够使我们与我们的环境更和谐地相处。保护明天的世界，同时满足当下的需求，这可能是一项挑战，但即使是最简单的生物也能帮忙，教我们如何实现目标。
Developingideas(P56-57)
BacktoNature
回归大自然
1TaoYuanmingandHenryDavidThoreauwerebothpoets,butonelivedinAncientChinaandtheotherin19th
centuryAmerica.Superficially,thesetwomen,whoseliveswereseparatedintimebynearly1,500years,were
polaropposites.Andyettheysharedanintenserespectfornature,whichmadethemeachaninfluentialfigureof
theirtime.
陶渊明和亨利大卫梭罗都是诗人，但是一位生活在古代中国，另一位生活在19世纪的美国。表面上看，这两个人生活在不同的时代，相隔近一千五百年，迥然不同。然而，他们都非常尊重自然，这使得他们在各自的时代都成为有影响力的人物。
2Bothmenmadedramatictransformationstotheirlivesinordertoreconnectwithnature.Asanofficialinthe
EasternJinDynasty,Taofeltconflictedoverlifeatcourt.In405,hequittheserviceofthecourtforgood,expressing
hisunhappinessinthenowfamouslinethathewouldnotbowlikeaservantinreturnforfivedouofgrain”.He
spentthenext22yearsuntilhisdeathworkingthelandinapoor,ruralarea.Fromhispoetry,wecanlearnthat
althoughhislifewasarduous,hesucceededinfindingcontentmentinitssimplicityandindrawingpleasurefrom
nature.
为了重归自然，两人的生活都发生了戏剧性的转变。陶渊明是东晋的官员，但是对官场生活感到困惑。公元405年，陶渊明辞去了官职，以表达他对仕途的不满，用今天的一句名言形容就是“不为五斗米折腰”。在之后的22年里，直到生命的尽头，他躬耕于田野，生活在清贫的农村。我们可以从他的诗歌中看出，尽管生活艰苦，但他从这种简单的生活中成功获得了满足感，并从大自然中获得了乐趣。
3WhileTao’sreturntonaturewasareactiontoalifestylehewasopposedto,Thoreau’swasapersonaldecisionto
transformthewayhelived.Hehadadecentqualityoflife,buthewantedtoliveinasimplerway.Fortwoyears,
twomonthsandtwodays,helivedinacottageintheforestontheedgeofWaldenPondfocusingonhimselfand
hiswriting.HeexplainedhisreasonfordoingsoinWalden:“IwenttothewoodsbecauseIwishedtolive
deliberately,tofrontonlytheessentialfactsoflife.”Bothmenwerehappytowithdrawfromcontemporarylife,
seekingaharmoniousrelationshipwithnatureinthequietnessoftheirlives.
陶渊明回归大自然是对自己反对的生活方式做出的一种反应，而梭罗则是出于个人的决定而改变自己的生活方式。虽然梭罗过着体面的生活，但他希望活得更简单些。两年两个月零两天，他住在瓦尔登湖边森林里的一间小屋里，专注于自身和写作。他在《瓦尔登湖》中解释了这样做的原因：“我步入丛林，是因为我希望自由地生活，只面对生活中的基本事实。”两个人都乐于从当下的生活中抽身而退，在平静的生活中寻求与自然和谐的关系。
4AlthoughTaoandThoreaudonottreatnatureinquitethesameway,theirworksshowitsbeautyandvalue.Tao’s
natureisaplaceoffieldsandvillages,inotherwords,rural,andhisanimalsaredomesticones,suchaschickens
anddogs.Thecalmandpeacefullifehewroteaboutisincontrasttoandcriticalofthedepressivecourtlife:
尽管陶渊明和梭罗对待自然的方式不同，但他们的作品都展现了自然的美丽和价值。陶渊明的自然是田野和村庄，换句话说，是田园。他的动物们都是家养的，比如鸡和狗。他描写的平静祥和的生活，与压抑的官场生活形成鲜明对比，是对压抑的官场生活的批判：
17
Beyondthedarkanddistanceliesavillage,
Thesmokeabovereluctanttodepart.
Adogisbarkingsomewheredownthelane,
Andchickenssitatopthemulberrytree.
暖暖远人村，
依依墟里烟。
狗吠深巷中，
鸡鸣桑树颠。
5Thoreau’sdescriptionsofnatureemphasisedthebeautyandpurityofthewildareasaroundhim.Devotinghimself
toobservationsofthenaturalphenomena.herecordedhisdetailedfindingsinhisjournals.Thoreau’swritingaimed
toconvincepeoplethatanimalsandplantshadarighttoliveandprosper,aswedo.Weshouldlivewiththemin
harmonyandenjoynaturesgifts,ashedescribesinhisjournals:
梭罗在描述自然时，重点描绘了他周围原野的美丽与纯粹。他全身心投入到观察自然现象中，并在日记中详细地记录了自己的发现。梭罗的写作意在使人们信服，动物和植物就像我们人类样都有生存和繁荣的权利。我们应该与它们和谐共处，受大自然的恩赐，正如他在日记中描述的那样：
Liveineachseasonasitpassesbreathetheair;drinkthedrink,tastethefruit,andresignyourselftotheinfluences
ofeach.Letthembeyouronlydiet.drinkandbotanicalmedicines.
好好度过每一个季节，呼吸新鲜的空气，畅饮美酒，品尝水果，尽情受这一切。让生活中只有饮食和草药。
6Ittakesconsiderablecouragetorejecttheeasyandfamiliarandinsteadtrytoliveclosertonature,asbothTao
andThoreaudid.Theirchoicesledthemtoquietandreflectiveliveswithfewermaterialdesires.Intoday’smodern
world.theirideasaboutlivingsimplyandbeingateasewithnaturemaytakeusastepclosertoattainingpersonal
well-beingandfulfilment.
像陶渊明和梭罗那样，拒绝简单熟悉的事物，转而尝试亲近大自然，这需要相当大的勇气。他们的选择使他们过上了平静而沉思的生活，物质欲望减少了。在今天这个现代世界，他们关于简单生活和与自然和谐相处的想法，可能会让我们离获得个人幸福和满足感更近一步。
Unit6Natureinwords
Understandingideas(P62-63)
FirstSnow
初雪
1MrRobertLyndoncesaidofJaneAusten’scharacters:“Theyarepeopleinwhoselivesaslightfallofsnowisan
event.”EvenattheriskofappearingtothisfairandwittyreviewerasanotherMrWoodhouse.Imustinsistthatlast
night’sfallofsnowherewasanevent.Iwasnearlyasexcitedaboutitthismorningasthechildren,whomIfound
alllookingthroughthewindowatthemagicoutsideandtalkingawayasexcitedlyasifChristmashadsuddenly
comeroundagain.Thefactis,however,thatthesnowwasasstrangeandfascinatingtomeasitwastothem.Itis
thefirstfallwehavehadherethiswinter,andlastyearIwasoutofthecountry,sweatinginahotclimate,during
thesnowyseasonsothatitreallydoesseemanagesinceIsawthegroundsofantasticallycarpeted.
2Thefirstfallofsnowisnotonlyaneventbutitisamagicalevent.Yougotobedinonekindofworldandwake
uptofindyourselfinanotherquitedifferent,andifthisisnotmagic,thenwhereisittobefoundTheverysecrecy
andquietnessofthethingmakesitmoremagical.
这场初雪不仅是一件大事，而且还是一件具有魔力的大事。入睡时，世界是一个模样，醒来则是完全不同的另一番模样，若非有魔力，如何才能这般神秘，悄然，这给雪又添了几分魔力。
3WhenIgotupthismorningtheworldwasacoldplaceofdeadwhiteandpaleblues.Thelightthatcamethrough
thewindowswasverystrange,anditmadethefamiliarbusinessofsplashingandshavingandbrushinganddressing
verystrangetoo.Thenthesuncameout,andbythetimeIhadsatdowntobreakfastitwasshiningbravelyand
flushingthesnowwithdelicatepinks.Thedining-roomwindowhadbeentransformedintoalovelyJapaneseprint.
Thelittleplumtreeoutside,withthefaintlyflushedsnowliningitsbranchesandartfullydisposedalongitstrunk,
stoodinfullsunlight.
今早我起床时，世界是一片寂然的白色与浅淡的蓝色，到处清清冷冷。窗子透进来的光线很是怪异，使得洗脸、刮胡子、刷牙、穿衣服这些熟悉的日常行为也显得离奇古怪。接着太阳出来了，等到我坐下来吃早餐时，太阳的光彩已是绚烂夺目，给雪地添了一抹柔和的粉红色。餐厅的窗户成了一幅可爱的日本版画。在阳光的普照之下，屋外的李子树的树干和枝丫被淡粉的积雪精致巧妙地装点着。
4Anhourortwolatereverythingwasacoldsparkleofwhiteandblue.Theworldhadcompletelychangedagain.
ThelittleJapaneseprintshadalldisappeared.Ilookedoutofmystudywindow,overthegarden,thefield,tothe
lowhillsbeyond,andthegroundwentonandon,theskywasthickgrey,andallthetreessomanyblackand
threateningshapes.Therewasindeedsomethingcuriouslydisturbingaboutthewholeprospect.Itwasasifour
kindlycountryside,closetotheveryheartofEnglandhadbeenturnedintoacruelgrassland.Atanymoment,it
seemed,abodyofhorsemenmightbeseenbreakingoutfromtheblacktrees,somanyweaponsmightbeheardand
somedistantspotofsnowbereddened.Itwasthatkindoflandscape.
两个小时过后，一切都闪着或白或蓝的微光。世界又彻底改变了模样。小小的日本版画都消失不见了，我从书房看向窗外，越过花园、田野，再望向远处低矮的小山，沿着不断向前延伸的地面望去，天空成了厚重的灰色，所有的树木呈阴森恐怖状。整个景象确实会给人带来一种奇怪的、不安的感受。就好像我们这个靠近英格兰中心位置的亲切小乡村变成了暴躁的草原：在那幽暗的矮树林中，似乎有一队骑兵随时都会从里面冲杀出来，随时都会听到刀剑无情的砍杀声，也可能会看到远处某一处雪地被鲜血染红。这就是我看到的情景。
5Nowithaschangedagain.Theglarehasgoneandnotouchofthedisturbingremains.Butthesnowisfalling
heavily,ingreatsoftflakes,sothatyoucanhardlyseeacrosstheshallowvalley,andtheroofsarethickandthetrees
allbending,andtheweathercockofthevillagechurch,stilltobeseenthroughthegreyloadedair,hasbecomesome
creatureoutofHansAndersen.Frommystudy,whichisapartfromthehouseandfacesit,Icanseethechildren
flatteningtheirnosesagainstthewindow.AndthereisrunningthroughmyheadarhymeIusedtorepeatwhenI
wasachildandflattenedmynoseagainstthecoldwindowtowatchthefallingsnow.
现在，一切又变了。炫目的日光已然消失，也不再有那种紧张不安感。大片柔软的雪花铺天盖地地飘落，19
遮挡了你的视线，让你几乎看不到浅浅的山谷，屋顶上存了厚厚的雪，树木被压得弯下腰来，村庄教堂的风信鸡在灰蒙蒙的空气中依稀可见，像是从安徒生童话里走出来的活物。我的书房是和房子独立开来的，书房在房子的对面。从书房看去，可以看到孩子们把鼻子抵在窗户上看雪的样子，我的脑海里出现了一首儿歌，那是我小时候，紧贴着冰冷的玻璃凝视着飘舞的雪花时会一直重复哼着的歌：
Snow,snowfaster:
Whitealabaster!
KillinggeeseinScotland,
Sendingfeathershere!
雪花，雪花，飘得快：
洁白的雪花真可爱!
苏格兰宰了的鹅，
片片鹅毛这边飘落!
(AdaptationfromFirstSnowbyJohnBoyntonPriestley)(改编自约翰博因顿普里斯特利的《初雪》)
Developingideas(P68-69)
Silentspring
寂静的春天
1Therewasastrangestillness.Thebirds,forexample—wherehadtheygoneManypeoplespokeofthem,puzzled
anddisturbed.Thefeedingstationsinthebackyardsweredeserted.Thefewbirdsseenanywhereweremoribund;
theytrembledviolentlyandcouldnotfly.Itwasaspringwithoutvoices.Onthemorningsthathadoncethrobbed
withthedawnchorusofrobins,catbirds,doves,jays,wrens,andscoresofotherbirdvoicestherewasnownosound,
onlysilencelayoverthefieldsandwoodsandmarsh.
“一片古怪的寂静笼罩着这里。小鸟都飞到哪里去了许多人谈论着，茫然困惑惴惴不安。后院的饲养站已经被遗弃，为数不多的几只鸟也奄奄息；它们浑身打战，无法飞翔。这是一个寂静的春天。原本喧闹的清晨，再也没有了知更鸟、北美猫鸟、鸽子、松鸦、鹪鹩的奏鸣曲以及其他小鸟的鸣叫声：只留下一片寂静，笼罩在田野、树林和沼泽的上空。”
2RachelCarsonwasascientistbyprofession.buttheselinesfromtheopeningchapterofher1962bookSilent
Spring,“AFableforTomorrow”,showhertalentasawriter.Byimaginingaworldwithoutbirds.sheaimedtoalert
notonlythescientificcommunitybutalsothegeneralpublictothedamagingeffectsofhumanactivityonnatural
ecosystems—inparticular,totheharmfuluseofpesticides.suchasDDT.Shebelievedthatthechemicalindustry
wasknowinglycausingharmtoplantsanimalsandevenhumans,andwishedtoseepesticidesusedinamore
responsible,limitedandcarefullymonitoredway.
蕾切尔卡森本是一位科学家，但是1962年，她在《寂静的春天》一书的开篇章节“明天的寓言”中的这段描写，展现了她作为作家的天赋。通过想象一个没有鸟儿的世界，她想要警告科学界提醒公众，人类活动已经对自然界生态系统造成了破坏性的后果，尤其是使用DDT之类的杀虫剂给自然界带来了严重的危害。她认为化学工业正在明目张胆地对动植物，甚至对人类本身造成伤害，她希望人们在使用杀虫剂时能够更加负责、节制，并且严加监管。
3Carsonurgedpeopletomakethemselvesawareofthefactsanddosomethingaboutthesituation.SilentSpring
containsalotofscientificresearchandcasestudies.Thebookdetailsthegypsymotheradicationprogramme.which
killedbirds.inadditiontogypsymoths.Anothercasestudywasthefire-antprogrammethatkilledcows,butnot
20
fireants.Thebookalsogivesexamplesofothereradicationprogrammesthatdidnothingtoreducetheproblems
theywereoriginallydesignedtosolve.The50orsoagesattheendofthebooklistCarson’ssources,showinghow
thoroughandpreciseshewasasascientist.
4Carson’smessagewasveryalarming,causingagreatincreaseinenvironmentalawareness.Itsimpactwas
immediateandfar-reaching:theuseofDDTwasbannedandtheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)was
establishedintheUS.SilentSpringwasthereforeregardedasamilestoneinthelaunchofthegreenmovementin
theWesternworld.ItalsoearnedCarsonaposthumousPresidentialMedalofFreedomandputherfaceonthe17-centUSstamp.
卡森所述的事实让人们十分担忧，大大提升了人们保护环境的意识。这本书的效果立竿见影，并且影响深远：DDT被禁用；环境保护署也在美国成立。《寂静的春天》因此被视为西方发起绿色运动的里程碑，这使作者在去世后获得了“总统自由勋章”的荣誉，美国17美分的邮票上也印上了她的头像。
5SilentSpringwasnot,however,receivedpositivelybyeveryone.ThoughCarson’sresearchwasstrongandwas
supportedbymostscientistswhoreviewedherwork,thebookquicklybecameatargetforcriticsinthepesticide
industry.TheysaidthatCarsondidnotunderstandthesciencebehindherargumentsbecauseshewasamarine
biologistratherthanachemist.Somealsosaidthatherworkwasmoreemotionalthanscientific.Thesewere
attemptstodamageCarson’sreputationandstopherworkfrominfluencingpublicpolicy,butsheremained
determinedtostandbyherresearch.Carsonappearedinpublicandontelevisiontodefendherclaims—andtoday,
morethan50yearsafteritwaspublished,thevoiceofSilentSpringisstillringingloudandclear.
但并不是所有人都支持《寂静的春天》。虽然卡森的研究很有说服力，而且得到多数审阅过这本书的科学家的支持，但是这本书很快成为了杀虫剂行业批判的对象。他们说卡森并不理解她论证背后的科学原理，因为她是一位海洋生物学家，而非化学家。还有些人说她的作品过于情感化，科学性并不强。他们想要通过破坏卡森的名声来削减她的作品对公共政策的影响，但卡森仍然坚持自己的研究，在公众面前在电视节目中捍卫自己的观点。时至今日，《寂静的春天》已经出版五十多年了，但它的影响力依旧深远绵长。
6Personally,IenjoyCarson’sbook.Shemadeacrucialbutpotentiallydifficult-to-understandsubjectinteresting
andaccessibletomillionsofpeople.Thisisnotsomuchbecauseofthequalityofherarguments,strongthough
theyare,butbecauseofthebeautyandeleganceofherwriting.Herbooknotonlychangedtheworld;halfacentury
lateritremainsabookthatdeservestoberereadtoday,sothatwecanonceagainfeelourselveswarmtothefireof
itspassionatemessage.ForunlesswedolistentoRachelCarson’swarning,onedaywemaywakeuptothestrange
andquiethorrorofanothersilentspring.
而我个人也十分喜欢卡森的书。她把一个至关重要但十分复杂的问题用简单有趣的方式传达给了数百万人。这并不都是因为她书中高质量的论点是多么强有力，而是因为她美丽和高雅的文笔让读者喜欢。她的书不仅在当时改变了世界，就是在半个世纪后的今天，它仍然值得人们重新阅读，以感受她充满感情的文字带给我们如火焰般的温暖。因为如果我们不听从卡森的劝告，可能有一天在我们醒来之后，真的会面对一个古怪而又相当恐怖的寂静的春天。