昨天，牛津词典公布了2019年度词汇：ClimateEmergency（气候紧急状态）。有小伙伴留言想问看其它词典的年度词汇，这会儿来了，剑桥词典（CambridgeDictionary）2019年度词汇：upcycling.
剑桥词典在线中对upcycling一词给出的解释为「改造；改用」，英文释义：Theactivityofmakingnewfurniture,objects,etc.outofoldorusedthingsorwastematerial.
Throughherlightingbusinessshesharesherloveofupcyclingandsustainabledesign.
而中国日报网则把upcycling这个词直接译为「升级回收」，即up-cycling。
'Upcycling'crownedCambridgeDictionary'sWordoftheYear2019
CambridgeDictionaryhasnamed'upcycling',theactivityofmakingnewitemsoutofoldorusedthings,asitsWordoftheYear2019.
Upcyclingwaschosenasthe‘WordoftheDay’whichresonatedmoststronglywithfollowersontheDictionary’sInstagramaccount,@CambridgeWords.Thenoun–definedastheactivityofmakingnewfurniture,objects,etc.outofoldorusedthingsorwastematerial–receivedmorelikesthananyother‘WordoftheDay’whensharedon4July2019.
crown/name/choose
此处几个动词（被）表彰，提名，都是用来upcycling这个词被选为年度词汇这一动作；昨天的牛津词典公布climateemergency也是用的name一词（OxfordDictionarieshasnamed“climateemergency”asits2019WordoftheYear,choosingitfromanall-environmentalshortlistthatalsoincluded“climateaction,”“climatedenial,”“eco-anxiety,”“extinction”and“flightshame.”）
crown作名词时，本身表示“王冠；皇冠；冕；冠军宝座；桂冠”，英文解释为“anobjectintheshapeofacircle,usuallymadeofgoldandpreciousstones,thatakingorqueenwearsonhisorherheadonofficialoccasions；thepositionofwinningasportscompetition”。
ThenumberoftimesupcyclinghasbeenlookedupontheCambridgeDictionarywebsitehasrisenby181%sinceDecemberof2011,whenitwasfirstaddedtotheonlinedictionary,andsearcheshavedoubledinthelastyearalone.
"Wethinkit'sthepositiveideabehindupcyclingthatappealsmorethantheworditself,"saidWendalynNichols,PublishingManageroftheCambridgeDictionary."Stoppingtheprogressionofclimatechange,letalonereversingit,canseemimpossibleattimes.Upcyclingisaconcreteactionasinglehumanbeingcantaketomakeadifference.
progression
表示“（进入另一阶段的）发展；前进；进程”，英文解释为“theprocessofdevelopinggraduallyfromonestageorstatetoanother”，如：opportunitiesforcareerprogression事业发展的机遇，therapidprogressionofthedisease病情的迅速发展。
对比：
progress的英文解释：theprocessofimprovingordeveloping,orofgettingnearertoachievingorcompletingsth进步；进展；进程。
concrete
表示“确定的，确实的；具体的，有形的，实在的”，英文解释为“clearandcertain,orrealandexistinginaformthatcanbeseenorfelt”举个：
Theythinkshekilledherhusband,buttheyhavenoconcreteevidence.
他们认为她杀死了自己的丈夫，但是没有确凿的证据。
"Lookupsofupcyclingreflectthemomentumaroundindividualactionstocombatclimatechange—theyouthactivismsparkedbyGretaThunberg;thegrowingtrendsofvegan,flexitarianandplant-baseddiets;readingandfollowingthehandbookThereisNoPlanetB;orfashiondesignersupcyclingclothestocreatetheirlatestcollections."
vegan
vegan/viɡn/表示“严格素食主义者（不食用或不使用任何动物产品）”，英文解释为“apersonwhodoesnoteatoruseanyanimalproducts,suchasmeat,fish,eggs,cheese,orleather”举个：
Vegansgetalltheproteintheyneedfromnuts,seeds,andcereals.
严格的素食主义者从坚果、瓜籽和谷物中获得他们所需的全部蛋白质。
flexitarian
表示“弹性素食者”，英文解释为“apersonwhoeatsapredominantlyvegetariandiet,butwhoeatsmeatorfishoccasionally”。
OtherwordsontheshortlistforWordoftheYear2019reflectthesameconcernwiththeeffectsofclimatechange,forinstance:
·carbonsinknounAnareaofforestthatislargeenoughtoabsorblargeamountsofcarbondioxidefromtheearth'satmosphereandthereforetoreducetheeffectofglobalwarming碳汇，碳库（可通过吸收地球大气中的二氧化碳减缓全球变暖的大片森林）
·compostableadjective
Somethingthatiscompostablecanbeusedascompostwhenitdecays可用作堆肥（混合肥料）的，如：compostablegardenwaste可用作堆肥的花园垃圾。
·preservationnoun
Theactofkeepingsomethingthesameorofpreventingitfrombeingdamaged保护，维护；保藏，保养，如：buildingpreservation建筑物维护，woodpreservation木材防腐。TheCambridgeDictionaryeditorsusedatafromthewebsite,blogs,andsocialmediatoidentifyandprioritisenewadditionstotheDictionary.Theyidentifiedupcyclingasawordtoincludeafternoticingaspikeinsearchesforthewordin2010.
Arecentadditionisthenounplasticfootprint,definedasameasurementoftheamountofplasticthatsomeoneusesandthendiscards,consideredintermsoftheresultingdamagecausedtotheenvironment.Thisword,firstidentifiedbytraditionalcitationgathering,received1,048votesintheNewWordsblogpoll,with61%ofreadersoptingforthephrasetobeaddedtoCambridgeDictionary.
CambridgeUniversityPresshasbeenpublishingdictionariesforlearnersofEnglishsince1995.CambridgeDictionarybeganofferingthesedictionariescompletelyfreeofchargeonlinein1999.Celebratingits20thbirthdaythisyear,CambridgeDictionaryisthetoplearnerdictionarywebsiteontheplanet,currentlyserving394millionuniquevisitorsayear.