brieftimelineofEnglishhistory：In55BCand54BC,BritainwastwiceinvadedbyRomantroopsledbyJuliusIn43AD,BritainwasinvadedagainbytheRomansunderClaudius1
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brieftimelineofEnglishhistory
Thefoundingofthenation
Theinvasion
TheRomanInvasion
In55BCand54BC,BritainwastwiceinvadedbyRomantroopsledbyJuliusCaesar
In43AD,BritainwasinvadedagainbytheRomansunderClaudius1
In410,GermanicbarbariansattackedRoman
TheAnglo-SaxonInvasion
St.AugustinewassenttoBritaintoconverttheAnglo-Saxonsin597
TheNormanConquest
Inthe8thcentury,theVikingsfromtheScandinaviancountriesofNorthernEurope,NorwayandDenmarkinparticularbegantoattacktheEnglishcoast.
HouseofNormandy(1066-1154)
In1066,WilliamwascrownedKingofEnglandinWestminsterAbbey,whoisoftenreferredtoasWilliamtheConqueror
HouseofAnjou(1154-1216)
By1154,Henry2,William'sgreatgrandson,ascendedthethroneandthusbegantheruleoftheHouseofAnjouinEngland,alsoknownastheHouseofPlantagenet
HouseofLancaster(1399-1461)
TheHundredYears'War(1337-1453)
HouseofYork(1461-1485)
TheWarsoftheRoses(1455-1485)
HouseofTudor(1485-1603)
Transitiontothemodernage
TheReformation
In1534,Henry8issuedtheActofSupremacyanddeclaredhimselftobetheSupremeHeadoftheChurchofEngland.HestartedtheReformationbydeclaringabreakwithRome
TheCivilWar
KingCharles1wasdissatisfiedanddissolvedParliamentin1629.Forthenext11years,heruledthecountrywithoutaparliament.
ThefirstCivilWarbrokeoutin1642betweentheRoyalistsknownastheCavaliersandtheParliamentariansknownastheRoundheads
In1646,Charles1surrendered,thefirstcivilwarended
Charles1escapedandtheCivilwarbrokeoutagainuntilCharles1wasrecapturedandexecutedin1649
In1651,CromwelldestroyedCharles2'sarmy,whichmarkedtheendoftheCivilWars
In1660ParliamentdecidedtorestoreCharles2tothethroneofEngland,whichputanendtotheCommonwealth
RestorationandtheGlorousRevolution
GloriousRevolution:In1689,anewparliamentdeclaredthethronevacantandappointedWilliamandMaryjointsovereigns
In1689,ParliamentpassedtheBillsofRights
Theindustrialrevolution
Background
Britainhadahugemarket
Englandacquiredfromitscoloniesenormouswealthwithwhichtodevelopitsindustry
Theenclosuremovementdeprivedmanysmalllandownersoftheirproperty
Importantinventions
spinningJenny,thewaterframe,thespiningmule,thepowerloomandthesteamengine
Thesteamlocomotive,railway
Bythemiddleofthe19thcentury,theIndustrialRevolutionwasaccomplishedinBritain
TheriseandfalloftheBritainempire
formationoftheempire
TheBritishEmpirebeganwiththecolonizationofNewfoundlandin1583
Duringthemid-19thcentury,Britainconsolidatedherexistingcoloniesbybringthemunderthedirectcontrolofthegovernment
Britianintheworldwars
Bythebeginingofthe20thcentury,theworldhadenteredtheperiodofimperialism
In1914,theAustrianArchdukewasassassinatedinSarajevo,leadingtoashowdownbetweentwocampsandtheWorldWar1brokeout
TheGreatDepressionfrom1929to1933broughtadditionalproblemstothrBritisheconomyandsociety
HitlerinvadedPolandin1939,BritainandFrancewereforcedtodeclarewaronGermanytwodayslater
In1945,Germanysurrended
thefalloftheempire
Reason:mostofBritain'scoloniesdemandedandfoughtforindependenceduetoWorldWar2
Britainsinceworldwar2
"ThreeMajesticCircles"
BritainemergedfromWorldWar2asoneoftheBigThree
Commonwealthcircle
Britain'sspecialrelationshipwiththeUnitedStates
Britain'scloserelationshipwithWesternEurope
"SpecialRetionship"withtheUS
BritainjoinedtheNorthAtlanticTreatyOrganizationin1949andfollowedtheUnitedStatesintotheKoreanWarin1950
Mrs.MargaretThatcherreestablishedthespecialrelationshipwiththeUnitedStates
TonyBlair,whobecameBritishPrimeMinisterin1997,pursuedamorepositivepolicytowardEuropeandparticipatedactivelyinEuropeanaffairs