雅思真题_英语外教一对一培训栏目带来了2024年雅思阅读真题及答案——多线程任务处理（1月27日），以下为具体内容：
2024年雅思阅读真题（1月27日）
MultitaskingDebateCanyoudothematthesametime
A
Talkingonthephonewhiledrivingisn'ttheonlysituationwherewe'reworseatmultitaskingthanwemightliketothinkweare.Newstudieshaveidentifiedabottleneckinourbrainsthatsomesaymeanswearefundamentallyincapableoftruemultitasking.Ifexperimentalfindingsreflectreal-worldperformance,peoplewhothinktheyaremultitaskingareprobablyjustunderperforminginall–oratbest,allbutone–oftheirparallelpursuits.Practicemightimproveyourperformance,butyouwillneverbeasgoodaswhenfocusingononetaskatatime.
B
Theproblem,accordingtoRenéMarois,apsychologistatVanderbiltUniversityinNashville,Tennessee,isthatthere'sastickingpointinthebrain.Todemonstratethis,Maroisdevisedanexperimenttolocateit.Volunteerswatchascreenandwhenaparticularimageappears,aredcircle,say,theyhavetopressakeywiththeirindexfinger.Differentcolouredcirclesrequirepressesfromdifferentfingers.Typicalresponsetimeisabouthalfasecond,andthevolunteersquicklyreachtheirpeakperformance.Thentheylearntolistentodifferentrecordingsandrespondbymakingaspecificsound.Forinstance,whentheyhearabirdchirp,theyhavetosay“ba”;anelectronicsoundshouldelicita“ko”,andsoon.Again,noproblem.Anormalpersoncandothatinabouthalfasecond,withalmostnoeffort.
C
ThetroublecomeswhenMaroisshowsthevolunteersanimage,andthenalmostimmediatelyplaysthemasound.Nowthey'reflummoxed.“Ifyoushowanimageandplayasoundatthesametime,onetaskispostponed,”hesays.Infact,ifthesecondtaskisintroducedwithinthehalf-secondorsoittakestoprocessandreacttothefirst,itwillsimplybedelayeduntilthefirstoneisdone.Thelargestdual-taskdelaysoccurwhenthetwotasksarepresentedsimultaneously;delaysprogressivelyshortenastheintervalbetweenpresentingthetaskslengthens.
D
Thereareatleastthreepointswhereweseemtogetstuck,saysMarois.Thefirstisinsimplyidentifyingwhatwe'relookingat.Thiscantakeafewtenthsofasecond,duringwhichtimewearenotabletoseeandrecogniseaseconditem.Thislimitationisknownasthe“attentionalblink”:experimentshaveshownthatifyou'rewatchingoutforaparticulareventandasecondoneshowsupunexpectedlyanytimewithinthiscrucialwindowofconcentration,itmayregisterinyourvisualcortexbutyouwillbeunabletoactuponit.Interestingly,ifyoudon'texpectthefirstevent,youhavenotroubletorespondtothesecond.Whatexactlycausestheattentionalblinkisstillamatterfordebate.
E
Asecondlimitationisinourshort-termvisualmemory.It'sestimatedthatwecankeeptrackofaboutfouritemsatatime,feweriftheyarecomplex.Thiscapacityshortageisthoughttoexplain,inpart,ourastonishinginabilitytodetectevenhugechangesinscenesthatareotherwiseidentical,so-called“changeblindness”.Showpeoplepairsofnear-identicalphotos–say,aircraftenginesinonepicturehavedisappearedintheother–andtheywillfailtospotthedifferences.Hereagain,though,thereisdisagreementaboutwhattheessentiallimitingfactorreallyis.Doesitcomedowntoadearthofstoragecapacity,orisitabouthowmuchattentionaviewerispaying
F
Athirdlimitationisthatchoosingaresponsetoastimulus–brakingwhenyouseeachildintheroad,forinstance,orreplyingwhenyourmothertellsyouoverthephonethatshe'sthinkingofleavingyourdad–alsotakesbrainpower.Selectingaresponsetooneofthesethingswilldelaybysometenthsofasecondyourabilitytorespondtotheother.Thisiscalledthe“responseselectionbottleneck”theory,firstproposedin1952.
G
ButDavidMeyer,apsychologistattheUniversityofMichigan,AnnArbor,doesn'tbuythebottleneckidea.Hethinksdual-taskinterferenceisjustevidenceofastrategyusedbythebraintoprioritisemultipleactivities.Meyerisknownassomethingofanoptimistbyhispeers.Hehaswrittenpaperswithtitleslike“Virtuallyperfecttime-sharingindual-taskperformance:Uncorkingthecentralcognitivebottleneck”.Hisexperimentshaveshownthatwithenoughpractice–atleast2000tries–somepeoplecanexecutetwotaskssimultaneouslyascompetentlyasiftheyweredoingthemoneaftertheother.Hesuggeststhatthereisacentralcognitiveprocessorthatcoordinatesallthisand,what'smore,hethinksituseddiscretion:sometimesitchoosestodelayonetaskwhilecompletinganother.
H
Maroisagreesthatpracticecansometimeseraseinterferenceeffects.Hehasfoundthatwithjust1hourofpracticeeachdayfortwoweeks,volunteersshowahugeimprovementatmanagingbothhistasksatonce.WherehedisagreeswithMeyerisinwhatthebrainisdoingtoachievethis.Maroisspeculatesthatpracticemightgiveusthechancetofindlesscongestedcircuitstoexecuteatask–ratherlikefindingtrustybackstreetstoavoidheavytrafficonmainroads–effectivelymakingourresponsetothetasksubconscious.Afterall,thereareplentyofexamplesofsubconsciousmultitaskingthatmostofusroutinelymanage:walkingandtalking,eatingandreading,watchingTVandfoldingthelaundry.
I
Itprobablycomesasnosurprisethat,generallyspeaking,wegetworseatmultitaskingasweage.AccordingtoArtKramerattheUniversityofIllinoisatUrbana-Champaign,whostudieshowageingaffectsourcognitiveabilities,wepeakinour20s.Thoughthedeclineisslowthroughour30sandonintoour50s,itisthere;andafter55,itbecomesmoreprecipitous.Inonestudy,heandhiscolleagueshadbothyoungandoldparticipantsdoasimulateddrivingtaskwhilecarryingonaconversation.Hefoundthatwhileyoungdriverstendedtomissbackgroundchanges,olderdriversfailedtonoticethingsthatwerehighlyrelevant.Likewise,oldersubjectshadmoretroublepayingattentiontothemoreimportantpartsofascenethanyoungdrivers.
J
It'snotallbadnewsforover-55s,though.Krameralsofoundthatolderpeoplecanbenefitfromthepractice.Notonlydidtheylearntoperformbetter,butbrainscansalsoshowedthatunderlyingthatimprovementwasachangeinthewaytheirbrainsbecomeactive.Whileit'sclearthatpracticecanoftenmakeadifference,especiallyasweage,thebasicfactsremainsobering.“Wehavethisimpressionofanalmightycomplexbrain,”saysMarois,“andyetwehaveveryhumblingandcripplinglimits.”Formostofourhistory,weprobablyneverneededtodomorethanonethingatatime,hesays,andsowehaven'tevolvedtobeableto.Perhapswewillinfuture,though.WemightyetlookbackonedayonpeoplelikeDebbieandAlunasancestorsofanewbreedoftruemultitaskers.
2024年雅思阅读题目（1月27日）
Questions28-32
TheReadingPassagehastenparagraphsA-J.
Whichparagraphcontainsthefollowinginformation
WritethecorrectletterA-J,inboxes1-5onyouranswersheet.
28.Atheoryexplaineddelayhappenswhenselectingonereaction
29.Differentagegrouprespondstoimportantthingsdifferently
30.Conflictshappenedwhenvisualandaudioelementemergesimultaneously
31.Anexperimentdesignedtodemonstratesthecriticalpartofthebrainformultitasking
32.Aviewpointfavorstheoptimisticsideofmultitaskingperformance
Questions33-35
Choosethecorrectletter,A,B,CorD.
Writeyouranswersinboxes6-8onyouranswersheet.
33.WhichoneiscorrectabouttheexperimentconductedbyRenéMarois
Aparticipantsperformedpoorlyonthelisteningtasksolely
Bvolunteerspressadifferentkeyondifferentcolor
Cparticipantsneedtousedifferentfingersonthedifferentcoloredobject
DtheydidabetterfobonMixedimageandsoundinformation
34.WhichstatementiscorrectaboutthefirstlimitationofMarois'sexperiment
A“attentionalblink”takesabouttenseconds
Blagoccursifweconcentrateononeobjectwhilethesecondoneappears
Cwealwayshavetroubleinreachingthesecondone
Dfirstlimitationcanbeavoidedbycertainmeasures
35.WhichoneisNOTcorrectaboutMeyer'sexperimentsandstatements
Ajustafterfailureinseveralattemptscanpeopleexecutedual-task
BPracticecanovercomedual-taskinterference
CMeyerholdsadifferentopiniononMarois'stheory
Danexistingprocessordecideswhethertodelayanothertaskornot
Questions36-40
DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage
Inboxes35-40onyouranswersheet,write
YESifthestatementistrue
NOifthestatementisfalse
NOTGIVENiftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage
36.Thelongergapbetweentwopresentingtasksmeansshorterdelaytowardthesecondone.
37.Incapableofhumanmemorycausepeopletosometimesmissthedifferenceswhenpresentedtwosimilarimages.
38.Maroishasadifferentopinionontheclaimthattrainingremovesthebottleneckeffect.
39.ArtKramerprovedthereisacorrelationbetweenmultitaskingperformanceandgenders
40.Theauthordoesn'tbelievethattheeffectofpracticecouldbringanyvariation.
2024年雅思阅读参考答案（1月27日）
28.F
29.I
30.C
31.B
32.G
33.C
34.B
35.A
36.YES
37.YES
38.NO
39.NOTGIVEN
40.NO
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