PartⅢReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.
答案：26.[K]superior27.[D]nuisance28.[M]tip29.[O]visual30.[A]associated31.[F]preventing32.[H]sensitive33.[I]slight34.[C]indicate35.[J]specify
SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.
DOIN-ClassExamsMakeStudentsStudyHarder
Researchsuggeststheymaystudymorebroadlyfortheunexpectedratherthansearchforanswers.
[A]Ihavealwaysbeenapoortest-taker.SoitmayseemratherstrangethatIhavereturnedtocollegetofinishthedegreeIleftundonesomefourdecadesago.IammakingmywaythroughColumbiaUniversity,surroundedbystudentswhoquicklysupplytheverbalanswerwhileIamstillprocessingthequestion.
[B]Sincethereisnowayformetoavoidexams,Iamcurrentlyquestioningwhatkindarethemosttaxingandultimatelybeneficial.Ihavealreadysweatedthroughnumerousin-classmidtermsandfinals,andnowIhaveaprofessorwhoissuestake-homeones.IwasexcitedwhenIlearnedthis,figuringIhadafullweektodotheresearch,readthetexts,andwriteitallup.Infact,Iwasstillrewritingmymidtermthemorningitwasdue.TosayIhadlostthethreadisputtingitmildly.
[c]AsIwassufferingthroughmyweekofanxiety,overthinkingthematerialandguessingmygraspofit,Ididsomeofmyownpollingamongstudentsandprofessors,DavidEisenbach,whoteachersapopularclassonU.S.presidentsatColumbia,prefersthein-classvariety.Hebelievesstudentsultimatelylearnmoreandencouragesthemtoformstudygroups."Thatwaytheysocializeoverhistoryoutsidetheclass,whichwouldn'thappenwithoutthepressureofanin-classexam,"heexplained."Furthermore,in-classexamsforcestudentstolearnhowtoperformunderpressure,anessentialworkskill."
[D]Healsosaysthereislesschanceofcheatingwiththein-classvariety.In2012,125studentsatHarvardwerecaughtupinascandalwhenitwasdiscoveredtheyhadcheatedonatake-homeexamforaclassentitled"IntroductionToCongress."Somecollegeshavewhattheycallan"honorcode,"thoughifyouaresmartenoughtogetintotheseschools,youareeithersmartenoughtogetaroundanycodesorhopefully,tooethicaltoconsiderdoingso.AsIsatblockedandcluelessfortwosoliddays,ImomentarilywonderedifIcouldn'tjustcallanexpertonthesubjectmatterwhichIwastackling,orsomeonewhotooktheclasspreviously,togetmegoing.
[E]FollowingtheHarvardscandal,MaryMiller,theformerdeanofstudentsatYale,madeanimpassionedappealtoherschool'sprofessorstorefrainfromtake-homeexams."Studentsriskhealthandwellbeing,aswellasperformanceinotherend-of-termwork,whenfacultyofferstake-homeexamswithoutclear,time-limitedboundaries,"shetoldme."Researchnowshowsthatregularquizzes,shortessays,andotherassignmentsoverthecourseofatermbetterenhancelearningandretention."
[F]Mostcollegeprofessorsagreethekingofexamtheychooselargelydependsonthesubject.Aquantitative-basedone,forexample,isunlikelytobesenthome,whereonecouldasktheirolderbrothersandsisterstohelp.Vocational-typeclasses,suchascomputerscienceorjournalism,ontheotherhand,areoftenmoreresearch-orientedandlendthemselvestotake-hometesting.ChrisKoch,whoteaches"HistoryofBroadcastJournalism"atMontgomeryCommunityCollegeinRockville,Maryland,pointsoutthatreportingisaboutinvestigationratherthanthememorizationofminutedetails."Inmyfield,it'snotwhatyouknow—it'swhatyouhowtofindout,"saysKoch."Thereiswaytoomuchinformation,andmorecomingallthetime,foranyonetoremember.Iwantmystudentstosearchouttheanswerstoquestionsbyusingalltheresourcesavailabletothem."
[G]Students'test-formpreferencesvary,too,oftendependingonthesubjectandcoursedifficulty."Iprefertake-homeessaysbecauseitisthenreallyaboutthewriting,soyouhavetimetoeditanddomoreresearch,"saysElizabethDresser,ajunioratBarnard.Thenthereisthestressfactor.FrancescaHaass,asenioratMiddlebury,says,"Ifindthein-classonesaremorestressfulintheshortterm,butthereisimmediatereliefasyouswallowinformationlikemad,andthenyougettoforgetitall.Take-homesrequirethoughtfulengagementwhichcanleadtolongertermstressasthereisneveramomentwhenthetimeisup."Meanwhile,OliviaRubin,asophomoreatEmory,saysshehardlyevenconsiderstake-hometrueexams."Ifyouunderstandandmaterialandhavetheabilitytoarticulate（说出）yourthoughts,theyshouldbeabreeze."
[H]Howstudentsultimatelyhandletestsmaydependontheirpersonaltest-takingabilities.Therearepeoplewhoalwayswaituntilthelastminute,andmakeitmuchharderthanisneedstobe.Andthentherearethosewho,notknowingwhatquestionsarecomingatthem,andhavingnoresourcestoreferto,canfreeze.Andthentherearewerarefolkiswhofitboththosedescriptions.
[I]Yes,myadvancedagemustfactorintotheequation(等式),inpartbecauseofmyinabilitytoaccesstheinformationasquickly.AsanotherreturningstudentatColumbia,KateMarber,toldme,"Wearelearningnotonlyallthisinformation,butessentiallyhowtolearnagain.Ourfellowstudentshavejustcomeoutofhighschool.Alothaschangedsincewewerelastinschool."
[J]Ifnothingelse,thesituationhasgivenmycollegesonandmesomethingtoshare.WhenIaskedhisopiniononthismatter,heresponded,"Ilikein-classexamsbecausethetimeisalreadyreserved,asopposedtousingmyfreetimeathometoworkonatest,"heresponded.Itseemstomethatacompromisewouldbereceivingtheexamquestionsadayortwoinadvance,andthendoingtheactualtestinclasswiththetickingclockoverhead.
[K]Betteryet,howaboutwhatoneHunterCollegeprofessorreportedlydidrecentlyforherfinalexam:Sheencouragedtheclassnottostressorevenstudy,promisingthat,"Itisgoingtobeapieceofcake."Whenthestudentscamein,sharpenedpencilsinhand,therewasnotabluebookinsight.Rather,theysawalargechocolatecakeandtheyeachweregivenaslice.
36.Elderlystudentsfindithardtokeepupwiththerapidchangesineducation.
37.Somebelievetake-homeexamsmayaffectstudents'performanceinothercourses.
38.Certainprofessorsbelievein-classexamsareultimatelymorehelpfultostudents.
39.In-classexamsarebelievedtodiscouragecheatinginexams.
40.Theauthorwashappytolearnshecoulddosomeexamsathome.
41.Studentswhoputofftheirworkuntilthelastmomentoftenfindtheexamsmoredifficultthantheyactuallyare.
42.Differentstudentsmaypreferdifferenttypesofexams.
43.Mostprofessorsagreewhethertogiveanin-classoratake-homeexamdependsonthetypeofcoursebeingtaught.
44.Theauthordroppedoutofcollegesomefortyyearsago.
45.Somestudentsthinktake-homeexamswilleatuptheirfreetime.
答案：[I]36.Elderlystudentsfindithardtokeepupwiththerapidchangesineducation.[E]37.Somebelievetake-homeexamsmayaffectstudents'performancesinotherscourses.[C]38.Certainprofessorsbelievein-classexamsareultimatelymorehelpfultostudents[D]39.In-classexamsarebelievedtodiscouragecheatinginexams.[B]40.Theauthorwashappytolearnshecoulddosomeexamsathome.[H]41.Studentswhoputofftheirworkuntilthelastmomentoftenfindtheexamsmoredifficultthantheyactuallyare.[G]42.Differentstudentsmaypreferdifferenttypesofexams.[F]43.Mostprofessorsagreewhethertogiveanin-classoratake-homeexamdependsonthetypeofcoursebeingtaught.[A]44.Theauthordroppedoutofcollegesomefortyyearsago.[J]45.Somestudentsthinktake-homeexamswilleatuptheirfreetime.
SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatement.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
46.Whatdidresearchersfindpuzzlingaboutthefirst-nighteffectA)Towhatextentitcantroublepeople.C)Whatcircumstancesmaytriggerit.B)Whatroleithasplayedinevolution.D)Inwhatwayitcanbebeneficial.
47.WhatdowelearnaboutDr.YukaSasakidoingherresearchA)Shefoundbirdsanddolphinsremainalertwhileasleep.B)Shefoundbirdsanddolphinssleepinmuchthesameway.C)Shegotsomeideafrompreviousstudiesonbirdsanddolphins.D)Sheconductedstudiesonbirds’anddolphins’sleepingpatterns.
48.WhatdidDr.SasakidowhenshefirstdidherexperimentA)Shemonitoredthebrainactivityofparticipantssleepinginanewenvironment.B)Sherecruited35participantsfromherDepartmentofPsychologicalSciences.C)Shestudiedthedifferencesbetweenthetwosidesofparticipants’brains.D)Shetestedherfindingsaboutbirdsanddolphinsonhumansubjects.
49.WhatdidDr.SasakifindabouttheparticipantsinherexperimentA)Sheanalyzedthenegativeeffectofirregulartonesonbrains.B)Sherecordedparticipants’adaptationtochangedenvironment.C)Sheexposedherparticipantstotwodifferentstimuli.D)Shecomparedtheresponsesofdifferentparticipants.
50.WhatdidDr.SasakifindabouttheparticipantsinherexperimentA)Theytendedtoenjoycertaintonesmorethanothers.B)Theytendedtoperceiveirregularbeepsasathreat.C)Theyfeltsleepywhenexposedtoregularbeeps.D)Theydifferedintheirtoleranceofirregulartones.
答案：46.D)Inwhatwayitcanbebeneficial.47.C)Shegotsomeideafrompreviousstudiesonbirdsanddolphins.48.A)Shemonitoredthebrainactivityofparticipantssleepinginanewenvironment.49.C)Sheexposedherparticipantstotwodifferentstimuli.50.B)Theytendedtoperceiveirregularbeepsasathreat.
PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
51.WhatdoestheauthorsayistheproblemwithwomenA)Theyareoftenunclearaboutthecareergoalstoreach.B)Theyareusuallymorecommittedathomethanonthejob.C)Theytendtobeover-optimisticabouthowfartheycouldgo.D)Theytendtopushthemselvesbeyondthelimitsoftheirability.
52.Whydoworkingwomenofchild-bearingagetendtofeeldrainedofenergyA)Theystruggletosatisfythedemandsofbothworkandhome.B)Theyaretoodevotedtoworkandunabletorelaxasaresult.C)Theydotheirbesttocooperatewiththeirworkmates.D)Theyareobligedtotakeuptoomanyresponsibilities.
53.WhatmayhinderthefutureprospectsofcareerwomenA)Theirunwillingnesstosay“no”.B)Theirdesiretobeconsideredpowerful.C)Anunderestimateoftheirownability.D)Alackofcouragetofacechallenges.
54.Menandwomendifferintheirapproachtoresolvingworkplaceconflictsinthat________A)womentendtobeeasilysatisfiedB)menaregenerallymorepersuasiveC)mentendtoputtheirpersonalinterestsfirstD)womenaremuchmorereadytocompromise
55.WhatisimportanttoagoodleaderA)Adominantpersonality.C)Thecouragetoadmitfailure.B)Theabilitytodelegate.D)Astrongsenseofresponsibility.
答案：51.D)Theytendtopushthemselvesbeyondthelimitsoftheirability.52.A)Theystruggletosatisfythedemandsofbothworkanddone.53.A)Theirunwillingnesstosay"no".54.D)womenaremuchmorereadytocompromise.55.B)Theabilitytodelegate.