推荐：大学英语六级考试短文写作教材
十、写作模拟题与范文
1.
directions:forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionofnolessthan150wordsonthefollowingtopicandoutline.
最近国内有些高校允许在校适龄大学生结婚。对此人们有不同观点，有人赞成，有人反对。你的观点如何？
1.有些人对高校允许学生结婚的做法持肯定态度
2.另一些人则反对
3.我的观点
2.
directions:forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicpreferablework.youshouldwriteatleast150wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninchinese)below:
1.有些人喜欢与人打交道的工作
2.有些人喜欢与事物或机器打交道的工作
3.你的选择
3.
directions:forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicpart-timejobsforcollegestudents.youshouldwriteatleast150wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninchinese)below:
1.有些人反对大学生做兼职工作
2.你的看法
4.
directions:forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicthedevelopmentofprivatecars.youshouldwriteatleast150wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninchinese)below:
1.有些人赞成发展私人小汽车
3.你的看法
5.
directions:forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicscientificdiscoveries—acurseorablessing.youshouldwriteatleast150wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegiveninchinesebelow:
1.科学发现为人类带来很多福利。
2.科学发现也导致了一些灾难。
3.结论。
6.
directions:forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicinternet—atwo-edgedsword.youshouldwriteatleast150wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegiveninchinesebelow:
1.internet的功绩。
2.internet的弊端。
7.
directions:forthispart,youaretowriteacompositionof120～150wordsonthegreatestinventioninthepastcentury.inyourcomposition,youshouldclearlystateyouropinionandgivereasonstosupportyourarguments.writeyourcompositionontheanswersheet.
8.
directions:forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicbraindrain.youshouldwriteatleast150wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninchinese)below:
1.人才流失是我国面临的一个棘手的问题
2.人才流失的原因
3.如何吸引人才
9.
directions:forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopichowtosolveenergycrisis.youshouldwriteatleast150wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninchinese)below:
1.人类面临着能源危机
2.如何化解这一危机
10.
directions:forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicfireaccidentsinbigcities.youshouldwriteatleast150wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninchinese)below:
1.大城市火灾有上升的趋势
2.造成火灾的原因
3.如何防止火灾
11.
directions:forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicpracticemakesperfect.youshouldwriteatleast150wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinegivenbelow:
1.为什么说“熟能生巧”
2.例如……
3.又例如
12.
directions:forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionabout“againstarobbery”basedonthefollowingpicture.youaregiventhefirstsentenceinenglishandarerequiredtodevelopitintoafullcompositioninnolessthan150words,notincludingthewordsgiven.
1.onyesterdayafternoon,mrs.luolefthometogoshopping.
2.intheflatopposite,awomanheardthenoiseoutside.
3.thetwocriminalswerearrested.
13.
directions:forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopictherobotisamachineafterall.youshouldwriteatleast150wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositiononthecartoonsgivenbelow.
14.
directions:forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealetterofapplicationforajobyoushouldwriteatleast150wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(giveninchinese)below:
15.
directions:readthestoryinchinesebelow,andthenwriteacompositionofnolessthan150wordsunderthetitileof“thegoaloflife”.yourcompositionshouldbebasedonthestoryandthefollowingoutline.
1.whathaveyoulearnedfromthestory
2.whatisthegoalofyourlifeifyouhaveachievedthegoalofyourlife,whatwouldyoudo
目标
在英国有一位残疾青年，他双腿走起路来很困难，却凭着坚强的信念和毅力创造了一次又一次的壮举：他19岁时登上了世界最高峰珠穆朗玛峰；21岁时登上了阿尔卑斯山；22岁时登上了乞力马扎罗山，28岁前他登上了世界上所有著名的高山。然而，就在28岁这一年他自杀了。原来在他11岁时，他父母在攀登乞力马扎罗山时不幸遭遇雪崩双双遇难。他的父母临行前给他留下了遗嘱，希望他能象父母一样，登上世界上所有著名的高山。这位残疾青年把父母的遗嘱作为他人生奋斗的目标，当实现全部目标的时候，他感到前所未有的无奈和绝望。他留下遗言：“如今，功成名就的我感到无事可做了，我没有了新的目标……”
16.
directions:forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositionofnolessthan120wordsunderthetitleof"whatwillmoneybringus,fortuneormisfortune"yourcompositionshouldbebasedonthefollowingstorygiveninchinese.giveatleasttworeasonstosupportyourchoice.
夺命之物
一栋住宅楼发生了大火，一个中年男子在大火中丧生。奇怪的是，他5岁的儿子明明却逃了出来。有人问明明：“你是怎么逃出来的”明明说：“我拿了一块湿毛巾捂住鼻子，贴在地上爬……”，这是科学有效的逃生方法。
人们不解：“你爸爸不会这么做吗”
明明说：“会，是爸爸教我这么做的。爸爸和我一起爬到了门口，他说忘了一件东西，就又爬回去了。”
参加救火的消防员说，他们发现那具男尸时，他的手里紧紧地攥着一沓百元大钞。
于是，人们明白了：有一种东西杀人夺命，比大火还厉害。(摘自《深圳青年》第3期上半月刊，作者廖钧)
17.
directions:forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteasummaryofthefollowingpassage.youshouldwriteabout150wordsandremembertowriteclearlyonthecompositionsheet.
tolieornottolie—thedoctor’sdilemma
shoulddoctorseverlietobenefittheirpatients—tospeedrecoveryortoconcealtheapproachofdeathdoctorsconfrontsuchchoicesoftenandurgently.attimes,theyseeimportantreasonstolieforthepatient’sownsake;intheireyes,suchliesdiffersharplyfromself-servingones.
studiesshowthatmostdoctorssincerelybelievethattheseriouslyilldonotwanttoknowthetruthabouttheircondition,andthatinformingthemrisksdestroyingtheirhope,sothattheymayrecovermoreslowly,ordeterioratefaster,perhapsevencommitsuicide.asonephysicianwrote,“oursisaprofessionwhichtraditionallyhasbeenguidedbyapreceptthattranscendsthevirtueofutteringthetruthfortruth’ssake,andthatisasfaraspossible,donoharm.”
armedwithsuchaprecept,anumberofdoctorsmayslipintodeceptivepracticesthattheyassumewill“donoharm”andmaywellhelptheirpatients.theymayprescribeinnumerableplacebos,soundmoreencouragingthanthefactswarrant,anddistortgravenews,especiallytotheincurablyillandthedying.
buttheillusorynatureofthebenefitssuchdeceptionismeanttoproduceisnowcomingtobedocuments.studiesshowthat,contrarytothebeliefsofmanyphysicians,anoverwhelmingmajorityofpatientsdowanttobetoldthetruth,evenaboutgraveillness,andfeelbetrayedwhentheylearnthattheyhavebeenmisled.wearealsolearningthattruthfulinformation,humanelyconveyed,helpspatientscopewithillness:helpsthemtoleratepainbetter,needlessmedicine,andevenrecoverfasteraftersurgery.
notonlydoliesnotprovidethe“help”hopedforbyadvocatesofbenevolentdeception;theyinvadetheautonomyofpatientsandrenderthemunabletomakeinformedchoicesconcerningtheirownhealth,includingthechoiceofwhethertobeapatientinthefirstplace.wearebecomingincreasinglyawareofallthatcanbefallpatientsinthecourseoftheirillnesswheninformationisdeniedordistorted.
dyingpatientsespecially—whoareeasiesttomisleadandmostoftenkeptinthedark—canthennotmakedecisionsabouttheendoflife:aboutwhetherornottheyshouldenterahospital,orhavesurgery;aboutwhereandwithwhomtheyshouldspendtheirremainingtime;abouthowtheyshouldbringtheiraffairstoacloseandtakeleave.
liesalsodoharmtothosewhotellthem:harmtotheirintegrityand,inthelongrun,totheircredibility.lieshurttheircolleaguesaswell.thesuspicionofdeceitundercutstheworkofthemanydoctorswhoarehonestwiththeirpatients;itcontributestothespiraloflawsuitsandof“defensivemedicine”,andthusitinjures,inturn,theentiremedicalprofession.
thereisurgentneedtodebatethisissueopenly.notonlyinmedicine,butinotherprofessionsaswell,practitionersmayfindthemselvesrepeatedlyindifficultywhereseriousconsequencesseemavoidableonlythroughdeception.yetthepublichaseveryreasontobewaryofprofessionaldeception,forsuchpracticesarepeculiarlylikelytobecomedeeplyrooted,tospread,andtoerodetrust.neitherinmedicine,norinlaw,government,orthesocialsciencescantherebecomfortintheoldsaying,“whatyoudon’tknowcan’thurtyou.”
18.
theleaningtowerofpisa
theleaningtowerhasneverbeenstraight.notlongafterworkbeganin1173,thefoundationsettledunevenly,andthetowerstartedincliningtowardthenorth.evidenceforthisinitialinclinecanbeseeninthedesignofthetoweritself:tokeepthefirstfewstorieslevel,worker,makethecolumnsandarchedofthethirdstoryonthesinkingnorthernsidejustslightlytallerthanthefeaturesonthesouthernside.politicalunrestinpisahaltedconstructionin1178,inthemiddleofworkonthefourthlevel.workresumedalmost100yearslater,in1272,andbythattime,thetowerhadtiltedtothesouth—thedirectionitstillpointstoday.again,designerhopedtocorrectthelean,thistimebyadjustingtheheightofthefifthstory,makingthesouthernsidesomewhattallerthanthenorthernside.in1278,withsevenstoriescompleted,workonthetowerceasedonceagainbecauseofpoliticalunrest.by1292,thetower’stiltwassoobviousthatagroupofmasons(石匠)wereaskedtoinvestigatetheproblem—thefirstofmanycommissionstostudythetowerappointedoverthepast700years.
theeighthstoryandfinaladdition,thebellchamber,wasbuiltbetween1360and1370.oncemore,architectsattemptedtocorrectforthesouthwardlean,thistimebyanglingthebellchambernorthward.theseefforts,combinedwiththeslowtimescaleofconstruction,havesofarpreventedthetowerfromtopping（倒塌）over.
throughoutthemonument’shistory,architectsandengineershaveattemptedtohaltthelean,butsinceregularmonitoringbeganin1911,theoffset（偏移）atthetopofthetowerhasincreasedatafairlyconsistentrateofabout1.2millimeterseachyear.todaythetopofthetoweris5.227metersoff-center,visiblyleaningsouth.fearsaboutthesafetyofthelandmarkbecameacutewhenasimilarlyconstructedbelltoweratthecathedralatpaviacollapsedsuddenlyin1989.shortlythereafter,thetoweratpisawasclosedtovisitors.
in1990,aspecialcommission,composedofitalianandforeignexpertsinthefieldsofstructuralengineering,geotechnicalengineering,historyofartandrestorationofmonuments,wasbroughttogetherbytheitaliangovernmenttodeterminenewwaystosavethetower.thetowerofpisaprojectconsortiumhassupervisedseveralprojectsthathavestabilizedthestructureandslowedtheraterofitsincline.
initialeffortsfocusedontheexteriorofthetower,butinthenextfewmonths,other,moreradicaltechniqueswillbetriedtohaltthetower’slean.theremethodswillbeapplieddirectlytothesoil,modifyingthetower’sfooting.large-scalefiledtrialsarenowunderwayatthemiraclesquare,wherethetowerstands,butallworkisbeingdonefarfromthemonumentitselftoguardagainstthepossibilitythatalteringthegroundtooclosetothetowercouldeventuallydamagethebuilding.
theultimategoalisnottostraightenthetower.becausethestructuretiltedindifferentdirectionduringtheearlystagesofconstruction,itbecamecurvedlikeabananaandwillneverstandtrulyupright.instead,theexpertsandengineershopetoeaseitstopbacksome10or20centimeters.withluck,theireffortswillkeepthelandmarkstandingintothenextcentury,whenanewgenerationofscientistswilltacklethe800-year-oldproblemoftheleaningtowerofpisa.
范文
1.shouldcollegestudentsbeallowedtogetmarried
thereisnodenyingthefactthatitisahotlydebatedtopictodaywhethercollegestudentsshouldbeallowedtogetmarried.sometimeago,thebanwasliftedbysomeuniversitiesonstudentsgettingmarried.tothispeople’sattitudesdiffersharply.someholdthepositiveview.theysaythatmostcollegestudentsareadultsandthatitisabasicrightforthosewhohavereachedtheappropriateagestogetmarried.
manyothers,however,holdtheoppositeview.theyclaimthattheuniversityorcollegeisaplacetostudyinsteadofacommunitytoleadafamilylife.allowingcollegestudentstogetmarriedwouldadverselyaffecttheirstudy.forinstance,theywouldspendtoomuchtimeattendingtheirfamilyandlove,unabletoconcentrateontheirschoolwork.
asfarasiamconcerned,ibelievethatitisoktoallowcollegestudentstogetmarried.anyway,thisistheirfreedom.actually,wedon’thavetoworrytoomuchbecausefactshaveshownthatmostcollegestudentswouldchoosenottogetmarriedinthefaceofsuchfiercecompetitionandheavyschoolwork.
(或asfarasiamconcerned,ibelievethatcollegestudentsshouldnotbeallowedtogetmarried.thoughmostlyadults,theyareactuallyimmaturepsychologically.theirwishtogetmarriedis,moreoftenthannot,impulses.besides,asstudents,theyarenotreadytosupportafamilyfinancially.
2.preferablework
somepeopleprefertoworkwithpeople.workingwithpeopleusuallymakesonefeelinterestingandefficient.atthesametime,itcangivepeoplepowerandcompetitionandprovidesrivalrywhichcanbeaveryeffectivemotiveinimprovingone'sability.inaddition,peoplecangetbetterideasbywayofconsultationandconferencewithotherpeople.
ontheotherhand,otherpeoplelikejobswhichmainlyinvolvewithobjectsormachine.theyprobablythinkthatworkingwithobjectsormachinewillprovidemorepeaceandquiet.undersuchpeacefulconditions,onecandomorepracticalwork,improveone'sskillandmaketechnicalrenovations.
ofthesetwowaysofworking,ipreferworkingwithpeople.firstofall,ilikeworkingwithpeoplebecauseofcompanionship.second,althoughtherearecompetitionandrivalry,wecanlearnsomethingfromotherpeopleevenifwedon'tlikethem.
3.part-timejobsforcollegestudents
therehasbeenmuchcontroversyoverpart-timejobsforcollegestudents.peoplewhoareagainstitholdthatthesolepurposeofhighereducationisforthestudentstoacquireknowledge.iftheyareengagedinpart-timejobtheywillbeinvariablydistractedfromtheirstudiesandasaresulttheycannotfulfilltherequirementsmappedoutbythestateeducationcommission.
thewriter,however,thinksthatthereareseveraladvantagesforcollegestudentsinvolvedinpart-timejobs.firstly,part-timejobsprovideopportunitiesforstudentstocontactsocietysoastoknowthesituationofthetalentmarket.forinstance,ifastudentworksasapart-timegoverness,heorshewillknowwhatkindofprofessionalsareurgentlyneededbythemarketandthiswillhelphimtochooseafuturejob.secondly,therearesomefinancialgainsfrompart-timejobs.sincethereformwascarriedout,institutionsofhighereducationhavestartedtocollecttuitionfeesfromstudents.needlesstosaythismeansanotherfinancialburdenonparents.andpart-timejobscanserveasapartialsolutiontothisproblem.lastbutnotleast,part-timejobscancultivatestudents'senseofindependence.
tosumup,part-timejobscandoalotmoregoodthanbadtostudentsaslongastheycanmakebestuseoftheirtimeandraisetheefficiencyoftheirstudy.
4.thedevelopmentofprivatecars
withtheincreaseinthegeneralstandardofliving,someordinarychinesefamiliescannowaffordacar.yetopinionsonthedevelopmentofaprivatecarvaryfrompersontoperson.someclaimthattherearemanyadvantagesinpossessingacar.itgivesamuchgreaterdegreeofcomfortandmobility.theownerofacarisnolongerforcedtorelyonpublictransport,andhencenoirritationcausedbywaitingforbusesortaxies.withacarhecangowherehelikesandwhenhewants,somuchsothathecanenjoyhisleisuretothefullbymakingtripstothecountryorseasideontheweekends,insteadofbeingconfinedtohisimmediateneighborhood.
however,othersstronglyobjecttodevelopingprivatecars.theymaintainthatasmoreandmorecarsareproducedandruninthestreet,alargevolumeofpoisonousgaswillbegivenoff,pollutingtheatmosphereandcausingactualharmtothehealthofpeople.infact,privatecarscontributetotrafficcongestionsogreatlythattheadvantagesgainedincomfortandfreedomareoftencancelledoutbythefrustrationcausedbytrafficjams.
inspiteofalltheabove-mentioned,istillfavorowningacar.thereasonisthatthecargivesapersonthefreedomtoschedulehisowntime.thoughweareconfrontedwithaproblemofenergycrisis,iamsurethattherealsolutionwillhavetobeanewkindofcar,onethatusescheap,efficientfuelanddoesnotcontaminatetheair.
5.scientificdiscovery—curseorblessing
newscientificdiscoverynearlyalwaysbringsmankindablessing.takeelectricityforexample.sinceitsdiscovery,ithasusheredinaneraofcountlessinventionsincloseconnectionwithit.nowadayspeoplecanreadandwritebymeansoflightsinsteadofcandles.fireisanotherexampleofdiscoverieswhichmadehumanbeingssurviveinancienttimesandgenerateselectricityinmoderntimes.again,mineralssuchasoilorcoaldiscoveredbymanhavelongbeenusedasfueltodevelopindustryandagriculture.
yetsometimesscientificdiscoveriesmayproveacurseuponthehumanrace.asweknow,everythinghastwosides.electricitycanshockonetodeathifusedcarelessly.smokefromfactoriesandgasesfromcarsareterriblepollutants.radiumusedinnuclearpowerplantscanleadtoanuclearwar.
themisuseofscientificdiscoveriesmustbeprevented.sincechemicalelementsorsubstanceswerediscovered,somehavebeenmadeuseofforpurposeofwar.suchweaponsasatomicbombsorpoisonousgaseshaveprovedtobedestructivetomankind.therefore,itisthewholeworld'sdutytopreventscientificdiscoveriesfrommenacingthehumanrace.
6.internet—atwo-edgedsword
internetisplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinpeople'slife.asanewborninformationdeliveringsystem,theinternethasmadeseasofinformationavailableatourfingers’tips.besides,theinternetservesasthemostconvenientmeansforcommunication.throughtheinternet,peoplecandiscussvariousproblemsandmakefriendswhosharecommonviews.
butjustasacoinhastwosides,internethasitsowndrawbackswhichshouldnotbeneglected.first,itcostsanalarmingamountofmoneytoconstructthesystemandthecostisveryhightomostchineseconsumers.second,itissometimesdifficultforpeopletofindtherightinformationtheyarelookingforsincethereistoomuchrubbishonthenet.finally,itisalsodifficulttopreventthenetfromtheinvasionofcriminals.
therefore,theinternetshouldbeviewedasatwo-edgedsword,whichpresentsuswithbothconveniencesandtroubles.butweshouldnotgiveupeatingforfearofchoking.thebestpolicy,asiseeit,istofurtherdevelopthenetandexertpropersupervisionoveritsothatitcanbenefitusinabetterway.
7.thegreatestinventioninthepastcentury
whenaskedaboutthegreatestinventioninthepastcentury,somepeoplemayclaimthatitisthecomputer;othersmaysayitisthemobilephone;stillothersmaysayitistheautomobile.inmyopinion,however,itistheinternet.
ofcourse,thecomputer,ortheelectricbrain,hasgreatlyfacilitatedourmentalworkandspareustheburdenofcalculating,restoringandsearching;theautomobilesavesustimeandmakesourtravelmoreconvenientandthemobilephonehasgotpeoplecloser.but,thesearejusttheextensionofhumanbrain,legsandvoice.theinternet,however,haschangedhumanlifeinamorefundamentalwaysinceitsbirth.
first,asanewborninformationdeliveringsystem,theinternethasmadevariousinformationavailableatourfinger'stip.besides,internetservesasthemostconvenientmeansforcommunication.throughinternet,peoplecandiscussvariousproblemsandmakefriends.lastbutnotleast,theinternetisalsoafaithfulaidinourdailylifesincepeoplecangoshoppingandgetmedicalservicesonline.
tosumup,theinternetisindeedthemostinterestingandimportantinventionmanhasevermade.
8.braindrain
braindrainisadelicateproblemwithwhichthiscountryisconfronted.inthelasttenyearsorso,alotofscientistsandtechnicianshaveswarmedintodevelopedcountriesforfurtherstudiesorresearchwork,letalonenumerouspromisingstudents.andtherearenoindicationsthattheywillbebackhomebeforelong.thiscountryhaspaidtheexpensesoftrainingthembutlostthem.howdidthatcomeabout
itisself-evidentthattheirdelayofcomingbackisduetothosefavorableworkingandlivingconditionswhichareessentialtoresearchwork.sophisticatedequipmentmakesiteasierforonetogainacademicachievements.ourcompetentscientistsabroadareofferedhigherrewardsandgreateropportunitieswhichcontributetotheirsuccessincareer.
itseemsthatitisn'timpossibletosolvetheproblem.thescientistsandthelikecanbeattractedbackhomesolongasgreatimportanceisattachedtotheintellectual'sdeservingtreatmentandeffectivemeasuresaretakentoprovidethemwithexcellentpayandagreeableconditions.
9.howtosolveenergycrisis
manisfacedwithagraveproblem—theenergycrisis,whichisbecomingincreasinglyserious.first,withtheincreaseintheworld'spopulation,thedemandforfuelsisgrowingsteadily.second,therapiddevelopmentofindustryandagriculturecallsforanincreasingamountofcoal,oilandnaturalgas.
confrontedwiththeenergycrisis,weshouldtakeaseriesofeffectivemeasurestosaveenergy.foronething,itishightimethatpeopleallovertheworldrealizedtheseverefactthatournaturalresourceshavebeenfixedsincetheearthwascreated.foranother,thegovernmentsofallcountriesaresupposedtolaydowntherulesandregulationstorestricttheamountofgasusedbycars.finally,scientificresearchesshouldbeencouragedtoworkoutefficientmethodsofsavingfuelsandtoseeknewsourcesofenergy.
personally,ibelievethatsolarenergyisapossiblesourceofclean,inexpensiveandabundantenergy.itdoesnotpollutetheenvironmentandcostsonlyasmuchastheinstallationofsolarpanelstoabsorbthesun'srays.consequently,i'mconfidentthatabrightfutureisawaitingusbecausesolarenergywillbeabletohelpustosolvetheenergycrisis.
10.fireaccidentsinbigcities
inrecentyearstherehasbeenamarkedgrowthoffireaccidentsinbigcitiesofourcountry.almosteverydayweseefireenginesrushingthroughstreets.fireshavenotonlyresultedinheavyeconomiclossesbutalsoinjuredandkilledmanypeople.
whatarethecausesoffireaccidentsmostofthefiresarebroughtaboutbycarelessnessandviolationoffiresafetyregulations.othersareduetothepoorqualityofhomeelectricalappliances.bytheway,somepeopledon'tknowhowtousethemproperly.besides,therearequiteafewbusinesseswhichfocussomuchoftheirattentiononprofitsthattheytendtoneglectandevenignorefireprecautions.
inmyopinion,inordertopreventfiresweshouldfirstofallfosterpeople'ssenseoffireprevention.thesecondthingwehavetodoistoincreasethenumberofprofessionalfirefighters,towhomregulartrainingcoursesshouldbeoffered.finally,wearetoimprovetheexistingfireenginesandaddmorefirefacilitiestohigh-risebuildings.inthisway,areliablefirepreventionsystemwillbeformed.
11.practicemakesperfect
awell-knownproverbgoes“practicemakesperfect”,whichmeansthatperfectionliesinpractice.withoutpractice,youcanneverexpecttobereallygoodatanything.onthecontrary,themoreyoupractice,themorelikelyyouaretodothingsinaperfectway.
takingalookaround,wecanfindexamplestoonumeroustolist.thestudyofenglishisacaseinpoint.ifyouwishtoimproveyourpronunciation,youmustpracticepronouncingeveryenglishsyllableagainandagain.likewise,ifyouwanttowriteanexcellentcomposition,youhavetositdownandwrite.
anotherexampleisdengyaping,theworldno.1womanping-pongplayer.thisshortgirl,whodoesnotseemtobecutoutforsports,oweshersuccesstopainstakingandperseverantpractice.
inshort,practiceisessentialifwewanttomakeachievementsinourstudiesorwork,orindeedinanyotheraspectofourlife.practice,tosomedegree,canmakethedifferencebetweenbeingmerelygoodatsomethingandbecomingachampion.
12.againstarobbery
yesterdayafternoon，mrs.luolefthomeforshopping.halfwaydownthestairs,shefoundherwayblockedbytwomenarmedwithknives.theythreatenedher,sayingthattheywouldstabherifshemadeanynoise.then,theyforcedhertotakethemtoherflatandopenthedoor.itseemedthatmrs.luowasbeinabigtroubleandwasboundtolosemoneyorlife.
intheflatopposite,awomanheardthenoiseoutside.whenshelookedoutthroughthewindow,shediscoveredthatherneighborwasthreatenedbysomeone.sheimmediatelycalledthepolice.inanswertothecall,apatrolpolicecararrivedatthesceneofthecrimequickly.threepolicemenwentinsidetheflat,othersguardedoutsidethebuildingtopreventanyonefromescaping.
thetwocriminalswerearrestedandtakentothepolicestationwiththeirwristshandcuffed.theretheywouldbequestionedandprobablychargedwithrobbery.
13.therobotisamachineafterall
asisvividlyshowninthepictures,amanandarobotwereplayingcards.obviously,themanwaslosing,forhewaswithasadface.therobot,ontheotherhand,wassmiling.thenthemanwenttoopenthebodyoftherobotandchangedsomethinginsideit.amomentlater,theywerebackagaintothegame.nowitwastherobot’sturntofrown:nearlyallthecoinswerewonoverbytheman.
simpleasthecartoonsare,theirsymbolicmeaningisprofoundandfar-reaching:therobotisbutarobot,aproductbyman.itcanneverreallydefeathumanbeings;muchlesscantheycontrolorreplaceman.withthisinmind,weneednolongerworryaboutthemiserablefateofhumanbeingsasforetoldbysomepessimistsorasdescribedinsomeamericanfilmslike“thestarwar”or“matrix”.
whileweshouldbeoptimisticaboutthefutureofhumanbeings,weneedalsobewarrantofthedangerresultingfromsomeinappropriateuseofmoderntechnology,likethatofgeneandcloning,whichmightendangermankindeitherphysicallyormorally.wemightnotbedefeatedbyrobots,butwemightberuinedbyourselves.
14.aletterofapplicationforajob
june17th,2006
dearsir/madam,
iamrespondingtoyouradvertisementinchinadailyonjune10th,2006,whichinvitesapplicationsforinterpreters.enclosedwiththisletterismyresumewhichdetailsmybackground.
ibelievethatiamthebestcandidateforthisposition.inthefirstplace,ihavebeenstudyingforfouryearsinbeijingforeignstudiesuniversity,oneofthemostprestigiouslanguageschoolsinchina,whichhasprovidedmewithadesirablecommandofenglishskills.inthesecondplace,ihavetakenpartinanumberofsocialactivitiesinthepastyears,whichhavehelpedcultivatemyteam-spiritandcreativity.besides,ihaveattendedtrainingcoursesforinterpretationandhaveobtainedrelatedcertificates.lastbutnotleast,ihaveworkedasapart-timeinterpreter,soiamwellpreparedforthisjob.
iwouldtreasurethechanceandexerteveryefforttodoagoodjobifihadthelucktobeprovidedwiththeposition.besides,ishallbemuchobligedifyouwillaffordmeanopportunityforaninterview,andiappreciatearesponsefromyouatyourearliestconvenience.
thankyouforconsideringthisapplication.bestregards.
yourssincerelyliming
15.thegoaloflife
astorygoesthatadisabledyoungmanmanagedtoreachthepeakofeveryfamoushighmountainintheworldbeforehewas28.hedidallthisjustashisparentstoldhimtodointheirwill.buttheyoungmancommittedsuicideintheendandhislastwordswere:“nowihavenothingtodowithallmygoalsachievedandmyfamewellestablished.ihavenonewgoals.”
thisstorymightnotbetrue,butitconveysprofoundmessages.first,oneshouldhaveagrandidealandassociateitwiththeneedsofsociety.secondly,oneshouldhavehisownpursuitsandshouldnotfollowothersblindly.
thestoryisespeciallyinstructivewhenwethinkofsimilarhappeningsaroundus.somepeople,aftermakingafortune,feelemptyanddesperate,resortingtodrugsorotherlowstyleoflife.stillmoreyoungpeopledothesamebecausetheyareinlackofloftyidealsandareonlydriftingwiththetide.
asfarasiamconcerned,iwouldliketodevotemyselftoanycausethatisbeneficialtomankind.myshort-termgoalistolearnaboutenvironmentalprotectionandfindajobinthisfield.andibelievethisisameaningfulandusefulcareer.itisworthmylife-longefforts.iwillkeepfindingandattainingnewgoalsinthisfield.
16.whatwillmoneybringus,fortuneormisfortune
astorygoesthatonceanapartmentbuildingcaughtfire.amongthesurvivorswasaboyoffive,whocrawledoutofthebuildingbyhimselfwithawettowelcoveringhisnose.buthisfather,whotaughttheboytheway,gotkilled,forhewentbackagainforhismoney.
simpleasthestoryis,itconveysaprofoundmessage:moneycanbemoredeadlythanfire.
actually,thereisnodenyingthefactthatithasbeenacontroversialtopic“whatwillmoneybringus,fortuneormisfortune”quiteafewpeoplewouldchoosetheformerinstantly,fortheybelievethatmoneycanbuythemalsoeverything.thereare,ofcourse,peoplewhohatemoneyandbelieveitisthesourceofmisfortune.
asfarasiamconcerned,ithinkthatmoneyitselfcannotbringusfortuneormisfortune,butourattitudestowardsitcan.bethemasterofmoneyandyouwilldriveittoworkforyou,tobuyyounecessitiesandtoenjoyyourlife.however,ifyoutakeyourselfaslaveofmoney,youwillsurelyfallintothepitofmisfortuneoneday.youwillbetemptedbymoneyandloseyourcompassoflife.youwillevenloseyourlife,asthefatherinthestorydid.so,friends,wakeupandbethelordofmoney!
17.tolieornottolie—thedoctor’sdilemma
doctorsareoftenconfrontedsuchachoice:tolieornottolietotheirpatient.studiesshowthattheyoftenbelieveitisreasonabletolieforthepatient’sownsake.mostdoctorsbelievethattheseriouslyilldonotwanttoknowthetruthabouttheircondition,andiftheytellthemthetruth,theymaylosetheirhope.becauseofsuchabelief,manydoctorsmaytell“whitelies”totheirpatients.
butnowfactsareprovingthatthesedoctorsarewrong.actually,anoverwhelmingmajorityofpatientsdowanttoknowthetruth.wearealsolearningthattruthfulinformationcanhelppatientsdealwiththeirdiseaseifwetellitinaproperway.
liescannothelpthepatients.besides,theyinvadetheirautonomyandmakethemunabletomakesounddecisions.liesalsodoharmtothosewhotellthem,theircolleaguesandtheentiremedicalprofession.therefore,weneedtodebatethisissueopenlyandputanendtoprofessionaldeception.
18.theleaningtowerofpisa
thetowerofpisahasneverbeenupright.itsleaningcandatebacktothetimenotlongafteritwasbuiltin1173.first,thetowertiltedtowardsthenorth.thenduringtheprolongedprocessofconstructiontill1370,thetowerhadalwaysbeenleaningtothesouth.
throughoutthemonument’shistory,manyeffortshavebeenmadetohaltthelean.theseeffortshavesofarhelpedpreventedthetowerfromtoppingover.butsince1911,theoffsetatthetopofthetowerhasincreasedatafairlyconsistentrate.shortlyafter1989,forthesakeofsafety,thetoweratpisawasclosedtovisitors.
in1990,aspecialcommissionwasorganizedtofindnewwaystosavethetower.atfirstthecommissionworkedmainlyontheoutsideofthetower,butinthenextfewmonths,moreradicaltechniqueswillbetriedtostopthetower’slean.theultimategoalisnottostraightenthetowerbuttoeaseitstopbackalittle.withluck,thelandmarkcanstandintothenextcentury.
附录写作练习答案
二、写作常见错误分析
一、语法错误
（一）句子结构错误
1.主从句叠置
1)therearemoreandmorestudentswholiketousethecomputer./moreandmorestudentsliketousethecomputer.
2)therearestillmanyproblemsthatshouldbenotedandresolved./manyproblemsstillshouldbenotedandresolved.
2.简单句叠置
ilikechattingonlineverymuch,soigotothenetbaralmosteveryweekend./ilikechattingonlineverymuch.igotothenetbaralmosteveryweekend.
3.从句叠置
itisknowntoallthatcomputersplayanimportantroleinmanyfieldsofourlife./asisknowntoall,computersplayanimportantroleinmanyfieldsofourlife.
4.句子成分缺失
ifweworkhard,wewillsurelybesuccessful./workinghard,wewillsurelybesuccessful.
5.语序错误
1)whydocollegestudentsspendmoreandmoretimeonthecomputer
2)ioftenwonderwheretheyhavegottheirmoney.
（二）动词形式错误
1.时态错误
manypeoplethinkthattheinternetwillbemoreusefulinthefuture.
2.语态形式错误
1)ihavebeenexcitedseveraldaysatthenewsthatyouwillcomehere.
2)mostofthestudentsaresatisfiedwiththeserviceinthedininghall.
3.单复数形式错误
1)wisemenseekopportunitiesratherthanwaitforthem./awisemanseeksopportunitiesratherthanwaitforthem.
2)somepeopleareafraidthatcomputersmaycontrolmeninthefuture.
4.非谓语动词形式错误
1)letmesay“hello”toyouonbehalfofeveryone.
2)doingexerciseinthemorningisgoodforone’shealth.
3)havingstudiedinourschoolfor3years,ifindthatthecanteenservicehaschangedalot.
（三）代词错误
1)wecanusecomputersindoingeverythingwelike.
2)acollegestudentshouldbeabletodohiswashingonhisown.
（四）冠词错误
1)a/thehorseisausefulanimal.
2)theexamwillbeheldindecember,2004.
（五）词性错误
1)iwishyoucanconsidermysuggestions.
2)ifapersonwantstosucceed,hemustlearntoenduresufferingsandsetbacks.
二、用词错误
1)studentsmustknowhowtooperateacomputer./studentsmustknowhowtoworkonacomputer.
2)peoplecanbeexposedtomanynewthingsontheinternet./peoplecanlearnmanynewthingsontheinternet.
3)thepurposeofthisletteristoexpresssomeopinionsontheserviceinthedininghall./thepurposeofthisletteristomakesomecomplaintsabouttheserviceinthedininghall.
三、表达习惯错误
1)whatgeneratedsolargeachange/whyistheresolargeachange
2)now6000yuanisenoughforyoutobuyap4computer./nowyoucanbuyap4computerfor6000yuan.
3)inaroomoftenlive6-8students.
4)ithinktherearethreereasonsforthisgreatchange.
5)thepricesofthefoodaretoohigh./thefoodistooexpensive.
6)thereasonforthisisthatsomepeoplewanttoearnplentyofmoneywithoutworkinghard./thisisbecausesomepeoplewanttoearnplentyofmoneywithoutworkinghard.
四、标点符号及大小写错误
1)however,everycoinhastwosides.ithinkthesurroundingsinourcanteenarethebestamongalluniversities.
2)themanwasracingdownthestreetbecausehewaslatefortheclass.
3)atlastiwanttoletyouknowthatiloveouruniversityverymuch.
4)myfavoritesportsareswimming,jogging,mountaineeringandplayingtabletennis.
5)thebestenglishfilminmyeyesisforrestgump.
五、冠词用法讲练
exercise1
a.1.a2.an
3.an4.an
5.an6.an
7.a8.an
b.1.anewofficebuilding2.travelagent
3.anamericanscientist4.aday’souting
5.anindianstamp6.aheartattack
7.anadvancedcountry8.aninterestingplay
exercise2
1.a(telephone);a2.x;x;x
3.a;a;an;a4.a;a;a;an
5.a;a;a;a;a6.an;a;x;an;x;a;a
7.a;an8.x
exercise3
a.1.a(verybadnight);a(wink)
2.an(honesty)
3.a(visionofanewandhappiereurope)
4.a(holiday);a(dayoff);a(month)
5.an(hourlyservice)
6.a(greathonour);a(gathering)
7.a(mountain);a(horror)
8.an(earlyage)
9.a(word)
10.a(boy)
b.1.a(bigproblem);(nottoobig)a(problem)
2.a(squarenose);(sohandsome)a(man)
3.(howevergreat)a(disaster)
4.(many)a(shipwreckedsailor)
5.(such)an(urgentneed)
6.(sourgent)a(need)
7.(aslovely)a(picture)
8.(what)a(seriouscrisis)
9.(many)a(greaterman)
10.(howserious)a(crime)
exercise4
1.the;x2.x;the(forests)
3.x;the(nature)4.the(education);x
7.x;the8.the;x
exercise5
a.1.x;a;the2.the(steam-engine);the
3.the(bat);a4.x;the;x;a
5.the6.a;the;x;x
7.the(prison);a8.the(youngest);x;the;x
b.1.the(horse);a(nobleanimal);a(faithfulservant)
2.a(game)
3.the(school);the(behaviour);the(pupils)
4.the(dinner);the(speeches)
5.the(settingofgoals)
6.the(hospital);(at)the(endof)the(week)
7.the(radio)
8.the(flute)
9.(have)a;the(citycenter);(get)a;(on)the(bus)
10.the(ground);the(wood)
exercise6
a.1.the;the;the2.the;the
3.the;the4.the(wool);the
5.x;the;x6.the;the;the;x
7.the;the8.x;x;x
9.the;the10.x
b.1.thebritishmuseum2.thesuezcanal
3.thedifferencebetween4.thewilsons
thesetwowords
5.inthefirstrow6.theyear1949
exercise7
(the)peopleeverywhere…when(the)strangers…(the)goodmanners…in(the)differentparts…accepting(the)gifts…shows(the)badmanners…even(the)rudeness…with(the)goodmannersaccept(the)importantthingswith(the)bothhands…toaccept(the)importantthingsshowsnotonly(the)discourtesy…in(the)europeand(the)northamerica,however,(the)people…
六、标点符号用法讲练
1.the…identity:lt,henrybedell,companyd,11thvermontvolunteers…old.
2.it…thatdad…already－farming80acres…job.
3.nowi’m…point－butwhat…there
4.rain,snow,sleet,fog…world.
5.during…tourists;duringthewinter…beach.
6.to…extent,mankind…earth.
7.like…wildlife,…reproduce,grow…fall.
8.the…jimthorpe,thegreatestamerican…times.
9.the…enormous,juicy…appetizing.
10.i…kids－educated…thewest…movies－wouldbedisappointed.
11.i…statue.itssoul,sotospeak,is…beauty.
12.the…students,teachers,doctors,businessmen,factoryworkers－people…life.
13.is…underground－innew…caves
14.i…－bycorrespondence－thati…heratbeijinghotel…thursday.
15.passengers…beverages:coffee,tea,milkorsoda.
16.present…mr.ho,chairman…englishdepartment;mr.brown,avisiting…denmark;and…us.
17.the…patients;it…of“defensivemedicine”.
18.his…withthem－hehad…oncemade…help.
1….work,for…
2….down;asaresult,we…
3….note;it…
4….watch,yet…
5…..tired,so…
6.…booming;consequently,thecompany…
7.…init,anditwas…
8.…looking;thefood,however,is…
9….compulsory;thestudents…choice,therefore
10…coffee;others…
11…costly;nevertheless,we…
12…weightlessness;moreover,they…
1.…death;…
2.…sunlight.we…/…sunlight;we…
3.…may,yet/butsnow…
4.…years;forexample,…
5.…quiet;…
6.…night;i…/….night,and/soi…
7.…punished;infact…/…punished.infact…
8.…food,andso…./food;therefore,i….
9.…very;what…./…vary.what…
10.…tv;marie…/…tv,andmarie…
1.“onfriday,”theteacherannounced,“we’lltakeupanewlesson.”
2.“what,”heasked,“dowehavetoprepareforthecampingtrip”
3.c
4.hegreetseveryonewith“hi!”
5.“youmaythinkihavealotofgarbageinthesebags,”oneshopping-bagladyvolunteeredinachurchsoupkitchen,“butit’severythingineed.”
6.c
7.“itpainsme,”isaid,“tofindthatyoubothhavebeenpanhandlingsolongthatitnolongerembarrassesyou.”
8.retirementoftenbringsmanyproblemssurroundingthe“whatdoidowithmyself”question,eventhoughtheremaybenofinancialworries.
1.atoneo’clockonseptember2,1666,thegreatfireoflondonstartedinsideabaker’sshopinpuddinglane.itlastedfivedays,andnearly80%ofallthebuildingswithinthelondonwallwererazed.accordingtotheofficialreport,13,200houses,87parishchurches,over400streets,andtheenormousoldst.paul’scathedral－oneofthewondersofthemedievalworld－wereinruins.outoflondon’s450acres,only75remaineduntouched.
roberthubert,afrenchwatchmakerfromrouen,wasaccusedofthefire.thesentencesaidhe“haddeliberatelystartedthefire”.afterhewashanged,itwasconclusivelyprovedthathehadnotevenarrivedinlondonuntiltwodaysafterthefirebrokeout.
2.mr.joneswasveryfondofclimbingmountains,sooneyearhewenttoswitzerlandforhisholidays.afterhehadclimbedsomeeasymountains,hedecidedonedaytoclimbamoredifficultone;buthedidnotwanttogoupitalone,sohefoundagoodswissguide,whohadoftenclimbedthatmountain.
atfirstitwasnotadifficultclimb,butthentheycametoaplacewhichwasnotsoeasy.theguidestopped,turnedroundandwarnedmrjones.“becarefulhere,”hesaid“thisisadangerousplace.youcaneasilyfall,andifyoudo,youwillfallstraightdownaverylongway.”“but,”hecontinuedcalmly,“ifyoudofallhere,don’tforgettolooktotherightwhileyouaregoingdown.thereisaquiteextraordinarilybeautifulviewthere－muchmorebeautifulthantheoneyoucanseefromhere.”
3.itisthesimplethingsthatreallymatter.ifamandelightsinhiswifeandchildren,hassuccessinwork,andfindspleasureinthealternationofdayandnight,springandautumn,hewillbehappywhateverhisphilosophymaybe.if,ontheotherhand,hefindshiswifehateful,hischildren’snoiseunendurable,andtheofficeanightmare,ifinthedaytimehelongsfornight,andatnighthesighsforthelightofday－thenwhatheneedsisnotanewphilosophybutanewpatternoflife－adifferentdiet,ormoreexercise.manisananimal,andhishappinessdependsonhisphysiologymorethanhelikestothink.unhappybusinessmen,iamconvinced,wouldincreasetheirhappinessmorebywalkingsixmileseverydaythanbyanyconceivablechangeofphilosophy.
七、句型写作练习
（一）并列句
1)itwasacoldsnowydayandhehadnomoneyleftforfood.
2)hurryuporyou’llbelate.
3)itrainedheavilylastnightbutiwenttotheshowanyway.
4)ienjoyclassicalmusic,sodoesshe.
5)hemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.
6)somepeoplewastefoodwhileothershaven’tenough.
7)sheisfatwhereasherhusbandisthin.
8)shecannotread,neithercanshewrite.
（二）复合句
1)itisquiteobviousthattheyneedmorehelpinenglish.
2)itisgoodnewsthatsheisstillalive.
3)itdoesn’tseemlikelythatshewillcomehere.
4)whatthechildrenlikethebestinthezooarethepandas.
5)whatwearebadlyinneedofisrawmaterial.
1)it’sapitythathedidnotcomeearlier.
2)itisawell-knownfactthatsmokingcancauselungcancer.
3)itistruethatiencouragedhim,butididn’tactuallyhelphim.
4)itdidn’tseemlikelythattheywouldeverkeeptheirpromise.
5)itwashardtounderstandwhyprof.hardyhadsingledoutmaryforcriticism.
1)canyoutellmewhatkindofshowtheyareputtingon
2)i’mwonderingiftheletterisoverweight.
3)iamthinkinghowwecanimproveourstudyhabits.
4)wearestilluncertainwhetherhenryistherightpersonforthejob.
5)peterhasalwaysbeeningoodhealthexceptthathehasaslightheadachesometimes.
6)hesuddenlyrememberedthathehadforgottentotakehisnotebookwithhim.
1)ialwaystookitforgrantedthatiwasfarmoreintelligentthanhewas.
2)weallthoughtitapitythatyouwereunabletoattendourmeeting.
3)weconsideritimportantthatyoushouldmindyourmanners.
4)hedidn'twantitknownthathewastooilltogoonworking.
5)iregarditimportantthateveryoneofyoushouldfinishyourhomeworkontime.
6)hetookitforgrantedthathisfatherwouldcometohishelpifhegotintotrouble.
7)wethoughtithighlyprobablethathemightchangehismindatthelastminute.
8)ithinkitlikelythatthetrainwillbedelayedbythedensefog.
9)thedoctorthinksitadvisablethatyoushouldstopsmoking.
1)couldyoushowmewhatyouhavewritten
2)thisiswhatweshouldalwayskeepinmind.
3)whattheysawinchinamadeadeepimpressiononthem.
4)wemustnotputofftilltomorrowwhatwecandotoday.
1)nothingcouldhidethefactthatheisgrowingold.
2)thefactthatheworksharddoesnotnecessarilymeanthatheisacompetentleader.
3)ihaveacomplacentfeelingthati’mhighlyintelligent.
4)theexplanationthathedidn’tseethenoticeisunsatisfactory./theexplanationisunsatisfactorythathedidn’tseethenotice.
5)mostofusdon’tagreewithhisviewthatthereisnoadvantageinint