1、.联合国宪章CharteroftheUnitedNations介绍性说明IntroductoryNote联合国宪章是1945年6月26日联合国国际组织会议完毕时在旧金山签字的，于1945年10月24日生效。国际法院规约是宪章的组成局部。TheCharteroftheUnitedNationswassignedon26June1945,inSanFrancisco,attheconclusionoftheUnitedNationsConferenceonInternationalOrganization,andcameinto
2、forceon24October1945.TheStatuteoftheInternationalCourtofJusticeisanintegralpartoftheCharter.宪章第二十三、第二十七和第六十一条的修正案由大会于1963年12月17日通过，于1965年8月31日生效。第六十一条的进一步修正案由大会于1971年12月20日通过，于1973年9月24日生效。第一百零九条修正案由大会于1965年12月20日通过，于1968年6月12日生效。AmendmentstoArticles23,27and61oftheCharte
3、rwereadoptedbytheGeneralAssemblyon17December1963andcameintoforceon31August1965.AfurtheramendmenttoArticle61wasadoptedbytheGeneralAssemblyon20December1971,andcameintoforceon24September1973.AnamendmenttoArticle109,adoptedbytheGeneralAssebmlyon20De
4、cember1965,cameintoforceon12June1968.第二十三条修正案将平安理事会成员自十一国增至十五国。第二十七条修正案规定平安理事会关于程序事项的决定应由九个理事国原先为七个的可决票作出，关于一切其他事项的决定则由九个理事国原先为七个的可决票，其中包括平安理事会五个常任理事国的同意票作出。TheamendmenttoArticle23enlargesthemembershipoftheSecurityCouncilfromeleventofifteen.TheamendedArticle27providestha
5、tdecisionsoftheSecurityCouncilonproceduralmattersshallbemadebyanaffirmativevoteofninemembers(formerlyseven)andonallothermattersbyanaffirmativevoteofninemembers(formerlyseven),includingtheconcurringvotesofthefivepermanentmembersoftheSecurityCouncil.第六十一条
6、修正案于1965年8月31日生效，将经济及社会理事会的成员自十八国增至二十七国。该条的进一步修正案于1973年9月24日生效，将经社理事会的成员自二十七国增至五十四国。TheamendmenttoArticle61,whichenteredintoforceon31August1965,enlargedthemembershipoftheEconomicandSocialCouncilfromeighteentotwenty-seven.ThesubsequentamendmenttothatArticle,whichenter
7、edintoforceon24September1973,furtherincreasedthemembershipoftheCouncilfromtwenty-seventofifty-four.第一百零九条修正案是修正该条第一项，规定会员国为审查本宪章，得以大会会员国三分二之表决，经平安理事会任何九个理事国原先为七个之表决，确定日期及地点举行全体会议。第一百零九条第三项涉及大会第十届常会期间可能举行审查会议的问题，仍然保存原来的行文：“平安理事会任何七个理事国之表决，1955年大会第十届常会和平安理事会根据该项规定采取了行动。Theamendmentt
8、oArticle109,whichrelatestothefirstparagraphofthatArticle,providesthataGeneralConferenceofMemberStatesforthepurposeofreviewingtheChartermaybeheldatadateandplacetobefi*edbyatwo-thirdsvoteofthemembersoftheGeneralAssemblyandbyavoteofanyninemembers
9、(formerlyseven)oftheSecurityCouncil.Paragraph3ofArticle109,whichdealswiththeconsiderationofapossiblereviewconferenceduringthetenthregularsessionoftheGeneralAssembly,hasbeenretainedinitsoriginalforminitsreferencetoavote,ofanysevenmembersoftheSecurityC
10、ouncil,theparagraphhavingbeenacteduponin1955bytheGeneralAssembly,atitstenthregularsession,andbytheSecurityCouncil.正文我联合国人民同兹决心WETHEPEOPLESOFTHEUNITEDNATIONSDETERMINED欲免后世再遭今代人类两度身历惨不堪言之战祸，tosavesucceedinggenerationsfromthescourgeofwar,whichtwiceinourlifetim
11、ehasbroughtuntoldsorrowtomankind,and重申根本人权，人格尊严与价值，以及男女与大小各国平等权利之信念，toreaffirmfaithinfundamentalhumanrights,inthedignityandworthofthehumanperson,intheequalrightsofmenandwomenandofnationslargeandsmall,and创造适当环境，俾克维持正义，尊重由条约与国际法其他渊源而起之义务，久而弗懈，toestablishcondition
12、sunderwhichjusticeandrespectfortheobligationsarisingfromtreatiesandothersourcesofinternationallawcanbemaintained,and促成大自由中之社会进步及较善之民生，topromotesocialprogressandbetterstandardsoflifeinlargerfreedom,并为达此目的ANDFORTHESEENDS力行容恕，彼此以善邻之道，和睦相处，topracticetoleranceandliv
13、etogetherinpeacewithoneanotherasgoodneighbours,and集中力量，以维持国际和平及平安，touniteourstrengthtomaintaininternationalpeaceandsecurity,and承受原则，确立方法，以保证非为公共利益，不得使用武力，toensure,bytheacceptanceofprinciplesandtheinstitutionofmethods,thatarmedforceshallnotbeused,saveinthemon
14、interest,and运用国际机构，以促成全球人民经济及社会之进展，toemployinternationalmachineryforthepromotionoftheeconomicandsocialadvancementofallpeoples,用是发愤立志，务当同心协力，以竟厥功。HAVERESOLVEDTOBINEOUREFFORTSTOACPLISHTHESEAIMS爰由我各本国政府，经齐集金山市之代表各将所奉全权证书，互相校阅，均属妥善，议定本联合国宪章，并设立国际组织，定名联合国。Accordingly,ourrespec
15、tiveGovernments,throughrepresentativesassembledinthecityofSanFrancisco,whohavee*hibitedtheirfullpowersfoundtobeingoodanddueform,haveagreedtothepresentCharteroftheUnitedNationsanddoherebyestablishaninternationalorganizationtobeknownastheUnitedNations.第一
16、章宗旨及原则CHAPTERIPURPOSESANDPRINCIPLES第一条Article1联合国之宗旨为：ThePurposesoftheUnitedNationsare:一、维持国际和平及平安；并为此目的：采取有效集体方法，以防止且消除对于和平之威胁，制止侵略行为或其他和平之破坏；并以和平方法且依正义及国际法之原则，调整或解决足以破坏和平之国际争端或情势。1.Tomaintaininternationalpeaceandsecurity,andtothatend:totakeeffectivecollectivemeasuresfort
17、hepreventionandremovalofthreatstothepeace,andforthesuppressionofactsofaggressionorotherbreachesofthepeace,andtobringaboutbypeacefulmeans,andinconformitywiththeprinciplesofjusticeandinternationallaw,adjustmentorsettlementofinternationaldisputesorsituati
18、onswhichmightleadtoabreachofthepeace;二、开展国际间以尊重人民平等权利及自决原则为根据之友好关系，并采取其他适当方法，以增强普遍和平。2.Todevelopfriendlyrelationsamongnationsbasedonrespectfortheprincipleofequalrightsandself-determinationofpeoples,andtotakeotherappropriatemeasurestostrengthenuniversalpeace;三、促成
19、国际合作，以解决国际间属于经济、社会、文化及人类福利性质之国际问题，且不分种族、性别、语言或，增进并鼓励对于全体人类之人权及根本自由之尊重。3.Toachieveinternationalco-operationinsolvinginternationalproblemsofaneconomic,social,cultural,orhumanitariancharacter,andinpromotingandencouragingrespectforhumanrightsandforfundamentalfreedomsforall
20、withoutdistinctionastorace,se*,language,orreligion;and四、构成一协调各国行动之中心，以达成上述共同目的。4.Tobeacentreforharmonizingtheactionsofnationsintheattainmentofthesemonends.第二条Article2为现第一条所述各宗旨起见，本组织及其会员国应遵行以下原则：TheOrganizationanditsMembers,inpursuitofthePurposesstatedinArticl
21、e1,shallactinaccordancewiththefollowingPrinciples.一、本组织系基于备会员国主权平等之原则。1.TheOrganizationisbasedontheprincipleofthesovereignequalityofallitsMembers.二、各会员国应一秉善意，履行其依本宪章所担负之义务，以保证全体会员国由参加本组织而发生之权益。2.AllMembers,inordertoensuretoallofthemtherightsandbenefitsresulting
22、frommembership,shallfulfillingoodfaiththeobligationsassumedbytheminaccordancewiththepresentCharter.三、各会员国应以和平方法解决其国际争端，俾免危及国际和平、平安及正义。3.AllMembersshallsettletheirinternationaldisputesbypeacefulmeansinsuchamannerthatinternationalpeaceandsecurity,andjustice,are
23、notendangered.四、各会员国在其国际关系上不得使用威胁或武力，或以与联合国宗旨不符之任何其他方法，侵害任何会员国或国家之领土完整或政治独立。4.AllMembersshallrefrainintheirinternationalrelationsfromthethreatoruseofforceagainsttheterritorialintegrityorpoliticalindependenceofanystate,orinanyothermannerinconsistentwiththePurposeso
24、ftheUnitedNations.五、各会员国对于联合国依本宪章规定而采取之行动，应尽力予以协助，联合国对于任何国家正在采取防止或执行行动时，各会员国对该国不得给予协助。5.AllMembersshallgivetheUnitedNationseveryassistanceinanyactionittakesinaccordancewiththepresentCharter,andshallrefrainfromgivingassistancetoanystateagainstwhichtheUnitedNations
25、istakingpreventiveorenforcementaction.六、本组织在维持国际和平及平安之必要围，应保证非联合国会员国遵行上述原则。6.TheOrganizationshallensurethatstateswhicharenotMembersoftheUnitedNationsactinaccordancewiththesePrinciplessofarasmaybenecessaryforthemaintenanceofinternationalpeaceandsecurity.七、本宪章不得
27、entunderthepresentCharter;butthisprincipleshallnotprejudicetheapplicationofenforcementmeasuresunderChapterVll.第二章会员CHAPTERIIMEMBERSHIP第三条Article3凡曾经参加金山联合国国际组织会议或前此曾签字于一九四二年一月一日联合国宣言之国家，签订本宪章，且依宪章第一百一十条规定而予以批准者，均为联合国之创始会员国。TheoriginalMembersoftheUnitedNationsshallbethes
28、tateswhich,havingparticipatedintheUnitedNationsConferenceonInternationalOrganizationatSanFrancisco,orhavingpreviouslysignedtheDeclarationbyUnitedNationsof1January1942,signthepresentCharterandratifyitinaccordancewithArticle110.第四条Article4一、凡其他爱好和平之国家，承受本宪章所载之义务
29、，经本组织认为确能并愿意履行该项义务者，得为联合国会员国。1.MembershipintheUnitedNationsisopentoallotherpeace-lovingstateswhichaccepttheobligationscontainedinthepresentCharterand,inthejudgmentoftheOrganization,areableandwillingtocarryouttheseobligations.二、准许上述国家为联合国会员国，将由大会经平安理事会之推荐以决议行之。2.
30、TheadmissionofanysuchstatetomembershipintheUnitedNationswillbeeffectedbyadecisionoftheGeneralAssemblyupontheremendationoftheSecurityCouncil.第五条Article5联合国会员国，业经平安理事会对其采取防止或执行行动者，大会经平安理事会之建议，得停顿其会员权利及特权之行使。此项权利及特权之行使，得由平安理事会恢复之。AMemberoftheUnitedNationsagainstwhich
31、preventiveorenforcementactionhasbeentakenbytheSecurityCouncilmaybesuspendedfromthee*erciseoftherightsandprivilegesofmembershipbytheGeneralAssemblyupontheremendationoftheSecurityCouncil.Thee*erciseoftheserightsandprivilegesmayberestoredbytheSecurityCou
32、ncil.第六条Article6联合国之会员国中，有屡次违犯本宪章所载之原则者，大会经平安理事会之建议，得将其由本组织除名。AMemberoftheUnitedNationswhichhaspersistentlyviolatedthePrinciplescontainedinthepresentChartermaybee*pelledfromtheOrganizationbytheGeneralAssemblyupontheremendationoftheSecurityCouncil.第三章机关CHAPTERIIIORG
33、ANS第七条Article7一、兹设联合国之主要机关如下：1.ThereareestablishedastheprincipalorgansoftheUnitedNations:aGeneralAssembly,aSecurityCouncil,anEconomicandSocialCouncil,aTrusteeshipCouncil,anInternationalCourtofJustice,andaSecretariat.大会平安理事会经济及社会理事会托管理事会国际法院及秘书处。二、联合国得依本宪章设立认为必需之辅助机
34、关。2.SuchsubsidiaryorgansasmaybefoundnecessarymaybeestablishedinaccordancewiththepresentCharter.第八条Article8联合国对于男女均得在其主要及辅助机关在平等条件之下，充任任何职务，不得加以限制。TheUnitedNationsshallplacenorestrictionsontheeligibilityofmenandwomentoparticipateinanycapacityandunderconditionso
35、fequalityinitsprincipalandsubsidiaryorgans.第四章大会CHAPTERIVTHEGENERALASSEMBLY组织POSITION第九条Article9一、大会由联合国所有会员国组织之。1.TheGeneralAssemblyshallconsistofalltheMembersoftheUnitedNations.二、每一会员国在大会之代表，不得超过五人。2.EachMembershallhavenotmorethanfiverepresentativesintheGeneral
36、Assembly.职权FUNCTIONSANDPOWERS第十条Article10大会得讨论本宪章围之任何问题或事项，或关于本宪章所规定任何机关之职权；并除第十二条所规定外，得向联合国会员国或平安理事会或兼向两者，提出对各该问题或事项之建议。TheGeneralAssemblymaydiscussanyquestionsoranymatterswithinthescopeofthepresentCharterorrelatingtothepowersandfunctionsofanyorgansprovidedforinthe
37、presentCharter,and,e*ceptasprovidedinArticle12,maymakeremendationstotheMembersoftheUnitedNationsortotheSecurityCouncilortobothonanysuchquestionsormatters.第十一条Article11一、大会得考虑关于维持国际和平及平安之合作之普通原则，包括军缩及军备管制之原则；并得向会员国或平安理事会或兼向两者提出对于该项原则之建议。1.TheGeneralAssemblymaycon
38、siderthegeneralprinciplesofco-operationinthemaintenanceofinternationalpeaceandsecurity,includingtheprinciplesgoverningdisarmamentandtheregulationofarmaments,andmaymakeremendationswithregardtosuchprinciplestotheMembersortotheSecurityCouncilortoboth.二、大会得讨论联合
39、国任何会员国或平安理事会或非联合国会员国依第三十五条第二项之规定向大会所提关于维持国际和平及平安之任何问题；除第十二条所规定外，并得向会员国或平安理事会或兼向两者提出对于各该项问题之建议。凡对于需要行动之备该项问题，应由大会于讨论前或讨诊后提交平安理事会。2.TheGeneralAssemblymaydiscussanyquestionsrelatingtothemaintenanceofinternationalpeaceandsecuritybroughtbeforeitbyanyMemberoftheUnitedNations,or
40、bytheSecurityCouncil,orbyastatewhichisnotaMemberoftheUnitedNationsinaccordancewithArticle35,paragraph2,and,e*ceptasprovidedinArticle12,maymakeremendationswithregardtoanysuchquestionstothestateorstatesconcernedortotheSecurityCouncilortoboth.Anysu
41、chquestiononwhichactionisnecessaryshallbereferredtotheSecurityCouncilbytheGeneralAssemblyeitherbeforeorafterdiscussion.三、大会对于足以危及国际和平与平安之情势，得提请平安理事会注意。3.TheGeneralAssemblymaycalltheattentionoftheSecurityCounciltosituationswhicharelikelytoendangerinternational
42、peaceandsecurity.四、本条所载之大会权力并不限制第十条之概括围。4.ThepowersoftheGeneralAssemblysetforthinthisArticleshallnotlimitthegeneralscopeofArticle10.第十二条Article12一、当平安理事会对于任何争端或情势，正在执行本宪章所授予该会之职务时，大会非经平安理事会请求，对于该项争端或情势，不得提出任何建议。1.WhiletheSecurityCouncilise*ercisinginrespectofanydis
43、puteorsituationthefunctionsassignedtoitinthepresentCharter,theGeneralAssemblyshallnotmakeanyremendationwithregardtothatdisputeorsituationunlesstheSecurityCouncilsorequests.二、秘书长经平安理事会之同意，应于大会每次会议时，将平安理事会正在处理中关于维持国际和平及平安之任何事件，通知大会；于平安理事会停顿处理该项事件时，亦应立即通知大会，或在大会闭会期通知联合国
44、会员国。2.TheSecretary-General,withtheconsentoftheSecurityCouncil,shallnotifytheGeneralAssemblyateachsessionofanymattersrelativetothemaintenanceofinternationalpeaceandsecuritywhicharebeingdealtwithbytheSecurityCouncilandshallsimilarlynotifytheGeneralAssembly,
45、ortheMembersoftheUnitedNationsiftheGeneralAssemblyisnotinsession,immediatelytheSecurityCouncilceasestodealwithsuchmatters.第十三条Article13一、大会应发动研究，并作成建议：1.TheGeneralAssemblyshallinitiatestudiesandmakeremendationsforthepurposeof:(子)以促进政治上之国际合作，并提倡国际法之逐渐开展与编纂。a.pr
46、omotinginternationalco-operationinthepoliticalfieldandencouragingtheprogressivedevelopmentofinternationallawanditscodification;(丑)以促进经济、社会、文化、教育及卫生各部门之国际合作，且不分种族、性别、语言或，助成全体人类之人权及根本自由之实现。b.promotinginternationalco-operationintheeconomic,social,cultural,educational,andhealt
47、hfields,andassistingintherealizationofhumanrightsandfundamentalfreedomsforallwithoutdistinctionastorace,se*,language,orreligion.二、大会关于本条第一项(丑)款所列事项之其他责任及职权，于第九章及第十章中规定之。2.Thefurtherresponsibilities,functionsandpowersoftheGeneralAssemblywithrespecttomattersmention
48、edinparagraph1(b)abovearesetforthinChaptersI*and*.第十四条Article14大会对于其所认为足以妨害国际间公共福利或友好关系之任何情势，不管其起原如何，包括由违反本宪章所载联合国之宗旨及原则而起之情势，得建议和平调整方法，但以不违背第十二条之规定为限。SubjecttotheprovisionsofArticle12,theGeneralAssemblymayremendmeasuresforthepeacefuladjustmentofanysituation,regardle
49、ssoforigin,whichitdeemslikelytoimpairthegeneralwelfareorfriendlyrelationsamongnations,includingsituationsresultingfromaviolationoftheprovisionsofthepresentChartersettingforththePurposesandPrinciplesoftheUnitedNations.第十五条Article15一、大会应收受并审查平安理事会所送之常年及特别报告；该项报告
50、应载有平安理事会对于维持国际和平及平安所已决定或施行之方法之述。1.TheGeneralAssemblyshallreceiveandconsiderannualandspecialreportsfromtheSecurityCouncil;thesereportsshallincludeanaccountofthemeasuresthattheSecurityCouncilhasdecideduponortakentomaintaininternationalpeaceandsecurity.二、大会应收受并审查联
51、合国其他机关所送之报告。2.TheGeneralAssemblyshallreceiveandconsiderreportsfromtheotherorgansoftheUnitedNations.第十六条Article16大会应执行第十二章及第十三章所授予关于国际托管制度之职务，包括关于非战略防区托管协定之核准。TheGeneralAssemblyshallperformsuchfunctionswithrespecttotheinternationaltrusteeshipsystemasareassignedtoit
52、underChapters*IIand*III,includingtheapprovalofthetrusteeshipagreementsforareasnotdesignatedasstrategic.第十七条Article17一、大会应审核本组织之预算。1.TheGeneralAssemblyshallconsiderandapprovethebudgetoftheOrganization.二、本组织之经费应由各会员国依照大会分配限额担负之。2.Thee*pensesoftheOrganizationshallbe
53、bornebytheMembersasapportionedbytheGeneralAssembly.三、大会应审核经与第五十七条所指各种专门机关订定之任何财政及预算方法，井应审查该项专门机关之行政预算，以便向关系机关提出建议。3.TheGeneralAssemblyshallconsiderandapproveanyfinancialandbudgetaryarrangementswithspecializedagenciesreferredtoinArticle57andshalle*aminetheadministrat
54、ivebudgetsofsuchspecializedagencieswithaviewtomakingremendationstotheagenciesconcerned.投票VOTING第十八条Article18一、大会之每一会员国，应有一个投票权。1.EachmemberoftheGeneralAssemblyshallhaveonevote.二、大会对于重要问题之决议应以到会及投票之会员国三分之二多数决定之。此项问题应包括：关于维持国际和平及平安之建议，平安理事会非常任理事国之选举，经济及社会理事会理事国之选举，依第八十六条第一项(寅
55、)款所规定托管理事会理事国之选举，对于新会员国参加联合国之准许，会员国权利及特权之停顿，会员国之除名，关于施行托管制度之问题，以及预算问题。2.DecisionsoftheGeneralAssemblyonimportantquestionsshallbemadebyatwo-thirdsmajorityofthememberspresentandvoting.Thesequestionsshallinclude:remendationswithrespecttothemaintenanceofinternationalpea
56、ceandsecurity,theelectionofthenon-permanentmembersoftheSecurityCouncil,theelectionofthemembersoftheEconomicandSocialCouncil,theelectionofmembersoftheTrusteeshipCouncilinaccordancewithparagraph1(c)ofArticle86,theadmissionofnewMemberstotheUnitedNations,
57、thesuspensionoftherightsandprivilegesofmembership,thee*pulsionofMembers,questionsrelatingtotheoperationofthetrusteeshipsystem,andbudgetaryquestions.三、关于其他问题之决议，包括另有何种事项应以三分之二多数决定之问题，应以到会及投票之会员国过半数决定之。3.Decisionsonotherquestions,includingthedeterminationofadditional
58、categoriesofquestionstobedecidedbyatwo-thirdsmajority,shallbemadebyamajorityofthememberspresentandvoting.第十九条Article19凡拖欠本组织财政款项之会员国，其拖欠数目如等于或超过前两年所应缴纳之数目时，即丧失其在大会投票权。大会如认拖欠原因，确由于该会员国无法控制之情形者，得准许该会员国投票。AMemberoftheUnitedNationswhichisinarrearsinthepaymentofitsfin
59、ancialcontributionstotheOrganizationshallhavenovoteintheGeneralAssemblyiftheamountofitsarrearsequalsore*ceedstheamountofthecontributionsduefromitfortheprecedingtwofullyears.TheGeneralAssemblymay,nevertheless,permitsuchaMembertovoteifitissatisfiedtha
60、tthefailuretopayisduetoconditionsbeyondthecontroloftheMember.程序PROCEDURE第二十条Article20大会每年应举行常会，并于必要时，举行特别会议。特别会议应由秘书长经平安理事会或联合国会员国过半数之请求召集之。TheGeneralAssemblyshallmeetinregularannualsessionsandinsuchspecialsessionsasoccasionmayrequire.Specialsessionsshallbeconvok