DesigningprinciplesfortheNationalEnglishCurriculum
TheEnglishcurriculumaimseducationforallstudentsandstressesquality-orientededucation.Thenewstandardsparticularlyshowconcernsoverstudents’affectiveneedsaswellasotherlearningneedsinordertostimulatetheirinterestsinlearning,helpthemexperiencethesenseofsuccess,andgainself-confidenceinlearning.Itsoverallobjectiveistodevelopstudents’comprehensiveabilitiesinusingthelanguageandtoimprovetheirculturalquality,todeveloptheirpracticalskills,aswellastocultivatetheircreativespirit.
Students’overalldevelopmentisthemotivationandgoaloftheEnglishcurriculum.Therefore,itsobjective,theteachingprocess,theassessmentproceduresaswellasthedevelopmentofteachingresourcesshouldallreflecttheprincipleoflearner-centeredapproach.Classroomteachingshouldbecomeaprocessduringwhichstudentsareguidedbytheteachersinconstructingknowledge,developingskills,beingactiveinthinking,demonstratingpersonalcharacters,developingintelligenceandbroadeningtheirviewsandvisions.Teachingshouldtakefullconsiderationofstudents’individualdifferencesinlearningprocessandtheirlearningstylesandteachingshouldbeflexibleinusingteachingmethods,resourcesandwaysofassessmentsoastomaketeachingbeneficialtoallkindsofstudents.
Theoverallaimofthecurriculumornine-yearcompulsoryeducationistodevelopstudents’comprehensiveabilitiesinlanguageuse.Suchabilitiesaregroundedinthedevelopmentoflanguageskills,languageknowledge,affects,culturalawarenessandlearningstrategies.TheEnglishcurriculumfornine-yearcompulsoryeducationtogetherwiththerelatedseniorhighschoolEnglishcurriculumdividestheEnglishteachingobjectivesintoninelevels.Eachlevelisdescribedintermsofwhatstudentscandowiththelanguage.Itisthusdesignedtoreflecttheprogressivenatureofstudents’languagedevelopmentduringtheprocessofschooleducationsoastoensuretheintegrity,flexibilityandopennessofthecurriculum.
Modernforeignlanguageteachingemphasizesthelearningprocessandadvocatestheuseofdifferentteachingapproachesandmethodsforthepurposeoffacilitatingstudents’languagedevelopment.
DuringtheprocessoflearningEnglishinnine-yearcompulsoryeducation,studentsshouldbeencouragedtodiscoverrulesofthelanguage,mastergraduallylanguageknowledgeandskills,constantlymonitortheaffectivedemands,developeffectivelearningstrategiesandautonomouslearningabilitiesbymeansofexperiencing,practicing,participating,exploringandcooperatingundertheteacher’sguidance.
Theassessmentforthenine-yearcompulsoryeducationshouldbegearedtostimulatingstudents’interestsandcultivatingtheirautonomyinlearning.Thesystemshouldincludebothformativeandsummativeassessmentwithformativeassessmentplayingaprimaryrole,payingspecialattentiontostudents’languageperformanceandachievementsduringthelearningprocess.
Assessmentshouldbemadefacilitativetodevelopingstudents’interestsandself-confidenceinlearning.Summativeassessmentshouldfocusonassessingstudents’overalllanguageabilityandtheabilitytousethelanguage.Assessmentshouldfunctionpositivelyforstudentstodeveloplanguageabilitiesandhealthypersonalities;forteacherstoimprovetheirteachingqualitiesandforthedevelopmentandimprovementoftheEnglishcurriculum.
Englishcurriculumrequiresthatteachersshouldproperlyutilizeanddevelopteachingresourcessoastoproviderichandhealthyresourcesthatarepractical,lively,updatedforstudents’learning.
Teachersshouldmakefulluseofvariousresourcessuchasvideos,televisionprograms,books,magazinesandtheInternetsoastoexpandtheopportunitiesforstudentstolearnandusethelanguage.Alsoteachersshouldencouragestudentstotakepartinexploringandutilizingresourcesforlearning.
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