Beforethe1830s，mostnewspapersweresoldthroughannualsubscriptionsinAmerica，usually﹩8to﹩10ayear．Today﹩8or﹩10seemsasmallamountofmoney，butatthattimetheseamountswereforbiddingtomostcitizens．Accordingly，newspaperswerereadalmostonlybyrichpeopleinpoliticsorthetrades．Inaddition，mostnewspapershadlittleinthemthatwouldappealtoamassaudience．Theyweredullandvisuallyforbidding．Buttherevolutionthatwastakingplaceinthe1830swouldchangeallthat．
Thetrend，then，wastowardthe"pennypaper"﹣atermreferringtopapersmadewidelyavailabletothepublic．Itmeantanyinexpensivenewspaperperhapsmoreimportantlyitmeantnewspapersthatcouldbeboughtinsinglecopiesonthestreet．
Thisnewtrendofnewspapersfor"themanonthestreet"didnotbeginwell．Someoftheearlyventures（企业）wereimmediatefailures．Publishersalreadyinbusiness，peoplewhowereownersofsuccessfulpapers，hadlittledesiretochangethetradition．Ittookafewyouthfulanddaringbusinessmentogettheballrolling．
（28）WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesnewspapersinAmericabeforethe1830s？
A．Academic．B．Unattractive．C．Inexpensive．D．Confidential．
（29）Whatdidstreetsalesmeantonewspapers？
A．Theywouldbepricedhigher．B．Theywoulddisappearfromcities．
C．Theycouldhavemorereaders．D．Theycouldregainpublictrust．
（30）Whowerethenewspapersofthenewtrendtargetedat？
A．Localpoliticians．B．Commonpeople．
C．Youngpublishers．D．Richbusinessmen．
（31）Whatcanwesayaboutthebirthofthepennypaper？
A．Itwasadifficultprocess．B．Itwasatemporarysuccess．
C．Itwasarobberyofthepoor．D．Itwasadisasterforprinters．
32．（8分）
D
Monkeysseemtohaveawaywithnumbers．
AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate26clearlydifferentsymbolsconsistingofnumbersandselectiveletterswith0﹣25dropsofwaterorjuiceasareward．Theresearchersthentestedhowthemonkeyscombined﹣oradded﹣thesymbolstogetthereward．
Afterrunninghundredsoftests，theresearchersnotedthatthemonkeyswouldgoforthehighervaluesmorethanhalfthetime，indicatingthattheywereperformingacalculation，notjustmemorizingthevalueofeachcombination．
Whentheteamexaminedtheresultsoftheexperimentmoreclosely，theynoticedthatthemonkeystendedtounderestimate（低估）asumcomparedwithasinglesymbolwhenthetwowerecloseinvalue﹣sometimeschoosing，forexample，a13overthesumof8and6．Theunderestimationwassystematic：Whenaddingtwonumbers，themonkeysalwayspaidattentiontothelargerofthetwo，andthenaddedonlyafraction（小部分）ofthesmallernumbertoit．
（32）Whatdidtheresearchersdotothemonkeysbeforetestingthem？
A．Theyfedthem．B．Theynamedthem．
C．Theytrainedthem．D．Theymeasuredthem．
（33）Howdidthemonkeysgettheirrewardintheexperiment？
A．Bydrawingacircle．B．Bytouchingascreen．
C．Bywatchingvideos．D．Bymixingtwodrinks．
A．Theycouldperformbasicaddition．
B．Theycouldunderstandsimplewords．
C．Theycouldmemorizenumberseasily．
D．Theycouldholdtheirattentionforlong．
（35）Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear？
A．Entertainment．B．Health．C．Education．D．Science．
【考点】O6：社会文化类阅读．
本文是一篇说明文．一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了MargaretLivingstone的实验过程及结果．该实验介绍了猴子和数字的关系．
1．直接信息题：直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目．
2．间接信息题：间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换．
第二节（10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
36.（10分）
Inanonlineclass，developinghealthypatternsofcommunicationwithprofessorsisveryimportant．（36）WhileIhaveonlylistedtwoofeach，thereareobviouslymanyothersituationsthatcanarise．Studentsshouldbeabletoextendthelogic（逻辑）ofeachtotheirparticularcircumstance．
Participateindiscussionforums（论坛），blogsandotheropen﹣endedforumsfordialogue．（38）Besuretostayontopicandnotofferirrelevantinformation．Makeapoint，andmakeitsafeforotherstodothesame．
B．Turntoanonlineinstructorforhelp．
C．Ifmoreinformationisneeded，theywillask．
D．Rememberthatonlineprofessorsgetalotofemails．
F．Everyonehastakenanot﹣so﹣greatclassatonetimeoranother．
G．Askquestions，butmakesuretheyaregood，thoughtfulquestions．