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There'snothingmorewelcomingthanopeningadoorforyou.（1）Withouttheneedtobetouchedtoopenorclose,automaticdoorsareessentialin（2）improvingdisabledaccesstobuildingsandhelpingprovidegeneral（3）conveniencetocommercialbuildings.
Self-slidingdoorsbegantoemergeasacommercialproductin1960afterbeinginventedsixyears（4）successivelybytwoAmericans,DeeHortonandLewHewitt.They（5）startedoutasanoveltyfeature,butastheirusehasgrown,their（6）benefitshaveextendedwithinourtechnologicallyadvancedworld.Particularly（7）usefulinbusylocationsandduringtimesofemergency,thedoors（8）actascrowdmanagementbyreducingtheobstaclesputinpeople'sway.
（9）Aswellasmakingaccessbothinandoutofbuildingseasierforpeople,thedifferenceinthewaymanyofthesedoorsopenhelpstoreducethetotalarea（10）.occupiedbythem.Automaticdoorsoftenopentotheside,withthepanelsslidingacrossoneanother.Replacingswingdoors,these（11）allowsmallerspacestomaximisetheusablespaceinsidewithouthavingto（12）clearthewayforalarge,sticking-outdoor.Therearemanydifferenttypesofautomaticdoor,witheach（13）relyingonspecificsignalstotellthemwhentoopen.（14）Althoughthesemethodsdiffer,themain（15）principlesremainthesame.
Eachautomaticdoorsystem（16）analysesthelight,sound,weight,ormovementintheirvicinityasasignal.Sensor-typesarechosento（17）comparethedifferentenvironmentstheyareneededin.（18）Forexample,abusyroadmightnot（19）suitamotion-sensoreddoor,asitwouldconstantlybeopeningforpassers-by.Apressure-sensitivematwouldbemore（20）appropriatetolimitthesurveyedarea.
答案:
1-10题：DCBABCADAD
11-20题：ACCDCBDCBA
Text1
Nearly2,000yearsago,astheRomansbegantopulloutofScotland,theyleftbehindacurioustreasure:10tonsofnails,nearlyamillionofthem.Thenailhoardwasdiscoveredin1960inafour-meter-deeppitcoveredbytwometersofgravel.
WhyhadtheRomansburiedamillionnailsThelikelyexplanationisthatthewithdrawalwasrushed,andtheydidn'twantthelocalCaledoniansgettingtheirhandson10tonsofweapons-gradeiron.TheRomansburiedthenailssodeepthattheywouldnotbediscoveredforalmosttwomillennia.
Latercivilizationswouldvaluetheskilledblacksmith'slaborinanailevenmorethantherawmaterial.AsRomaAgrawalexplainsinhernewdelightfulbook"NutsandBolts,"early17th-centuryVirginianswouldsometimesburndowntheirhomesiftheywereplanningtorelocate.Thiswasanattempttorecoverthevaluablenails,whichcouldbereusedaftersiftingtheashes.
Thepriceofnailsfellby90%betweenthelate1700sandmid-1900s,aseconomistDanielSidelpointsoutinaresearchpaper.AccordingtoSidel,althoughthefallingpriceofnailswasdrivenpartlybycheaperironandcheaperenergy,mostofthecreditgoestonailmanufacturerswhosimplyfoundmoreefficientwaystoturnsteelintonails.
Nailsthemselveshavechangedovertheyears,butSidelstudiedthembecausetheyhaven'tchangedmuch.
Imakenoapologyforbeingobsessedbyaparticularfeatureofeverydayobjects:theirprice.Iamaneconomist,afterall.Afterwritingtwobooksaboutthehistoryofinventions,onethingI'velearntisthatwhileitistheenchantinglysophisticatedtechnologiesthatgetallthehype,it'sthecheaptechnologiesthatchangetheworld.
TheGutenbergprintingpresstransformedcivilisationnotbychangingthenatureofwritingbutbychangingiscost-anditwouldhaveachievedlitiwithoutaparallelcollapseinthepaperofsurfacestowriteon,thankstoanwithovenlookedtechnologycaltedaporSolarpanelshadafewnicheusesuntiletheybecamecheap,nowtheyaretransformingtheglobalenergysystem.
21、RomansburiedthenailsprobablyforthesakeofA)savingthemforfutureuseB)keepingthemfromrustingC)lettingthemgrowinvalueD)hidingthemfromlocals
22、Theexampleofearly17th-centuryVirginiansisusedtoA)highlightthethriftinessofearlyAmericancolonistsB)illustratethehighstatusofblacksmithsinthatperiodC)contrasttheattitudesofdifferentcivilizationstowardnailsD)showthepreciousnessofnail-makingtechnologyatthattime
23、Whatplayedthemajorroleinloweringthepriceofnailsafterthelate1700sA)IncreasedproductivityB)WideruseofnewenergiesC)FiercemarketcompetitionD)Reducedcostofrawmaterial
24、ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph5thatnailsA)haveundergonemanytechnologicalimprovementsB)haveremainedbasicallythesamesinceRomantimesC)arelessstudiedthanothereverydayproductsD)areoneoftheworld'smostsignificantinventions
25、WhichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthelasttwoparagraphsA)Cheaptechnologiesbringaboutrevolutionarychange.B)Technologicalinnovationisintegraltoeconomicsuccess.C)Technologydefinespeople'sunderstandingoftheworld.D)Sophisticatedtechnologydevelopedfromsmallinventions.
21-25题目答案DDABA
Text2
Parentingtipsobtainedfromhunter-gatherersinAfricamaybethekeytoraisingmorecontentedchildren,researchershavesuggested.TheideaisbasedonstudiesofcommunitiessuchastheKungofBotswana,whereeachchildiscaredforbymanyadults.Kungchildrenasyoungasfourwillhelptolookafteryoungerones,and"baby-wearing",inwhichinfantsarecarriedinslings,isconsideredthenorm.
AccordingtoDr.NikhilChaudhary,anevolutionaryanthropologistatCambridgeUniversity,thesepractices,knownasalloparenting,couldleadtolessanxietyforbothchildrenandparents.
Dr.AnnieSwanepoel,achildpsychiatrist,believesthattherearewaystoincorporatethemintowesternlife.InGermany,oneschemehaspairedanoldpeople'shomewithanursery.Theresidentshelptolookafterthechildren,anarrangementakintoalloparenting.Anothermeasurecouldbeencouragingfriendshipsbetweenchildrenindifferentschoolyearstomimicthesupervisedmixed-ageplaygroupsinhunter-gatherercommunities.
InapaperpublishedintheJournalofChildPsychologyandPsychiatry,researcherssaidthatthewesternnuclearfamilywasarecentinventionthatbrokewithevolutionaryhistory.Thisabruptshifttoan"intensivemotheringnarrative"whichsuggeststhatmothersshouldmanagechildcarealone,waslikelytohavebeenharmful."Suchnarrativescanleadtomaternalexhaustionandhavedangerousconsequences,"theywrote.
Bycontrast,inhunter-gatherersocieties,adultsotherthantheparentscanprovidealmosthalfofachild'scare.OnepreviousstudylookedatthepeopleoftheDemocraticRepublicofCongo.Itfoundthatinfantshadanaverageof14alloparentsadaybythetimetheywere18weeksoldandwerepassedbetweencaregiverseighttimesanhour.
Chaudharysaidthatparentsnowhadlesschildcaresupportfromfamilyandsocialnetworksthanduringmostofhumanevolutionaryhistory,butintroducingadditionalcaregiverscouldreducestressandmaternaldepression,whichcouldhavea'knock-on'benefittoachild'swellbeing.Aninfantbornintoahunter-gatherersocietycouldhavemorethantencaregivers-thiscontrastsstarklywithnurserysettingsintheUKwhereregulationscanallowforaratioofonecarertofourchildrenagedtwotothree.
Whilehunter-gathererchildrenlearnfromobservationandimitationinmixed-ageplaygroups,researcherssaidthatwestern"instructiveteaching",wherepupilsareaskedtositstill,couldcontributetoconditionssuchasattentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder.ChaudharysaidthatBritainshouldexplorethepossibilitythatoldersiblingshelpingtheirparentsmightalsoenhancetheirownsocialdevelopment.
26.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,alloparentingreferstothepracticeof______A.sharingchildcareamongcommunitymembersB.assigningbabiestospecificadultcategoriesC.teachingparentingskillstoolderchildrenD.carryinginfantsaroundbytheirparents27.TheschemeinGermanyismentionedtoillustrateA.anattempttofacilitateintergenerationalcommunicationB.anapproachtointegratingintowesternsocietyCtheconventionalparentingstyleinwesternculturethedifferencesbetweenwesternandAfricanwaysofliving28.Accordingtoparagraph4,the“intensivemotheringnarrativeA.alleviatesparentingpressuresB.consolidatesfamilyrelationships
C.resultsinthechild-centeredfamilyD.departsfromthecourseofevolution29.whatcanbeinferredaboutthenurseriesintheUK
A.Theytendtofallshortofofficialrequirements.B.Theyhavedifficultyfindingenoughcaregives.C.Theyoughttoimprovetheircareer-to-childratioD.Theyshouldtrytopreventparentaldepression30.Whichof'thefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetextA.Instructiveteaching:adilemmaforanxiousparentsB.ForahappierfamilylearnfromthehuntergatherersC.Mixed-agedplaygroup,abetterchoiceforlonelychildren
D.Tracingthehistoryofparenting:fromAfricatoEurope
26-30题答案ABDCB
Text3
APolishdigitalartistwhousesclassicalpaintingstylestocreatedreamyfantasylandscapes.HehasmadeillustrationsforgamessuchasSony'sHorizonForbiddenWest,Ubisoft'sAnno,Dungeons&DragonsandMagic:TheGathering.Andhe'sbecomeasuddenhitinthenewworldoftext-to-imageAlgeneration.
Hisdistinctivestyleisnowoneofthemostcommonlyusedpromptsinthenewopen-sourceAIartgeneratorStableDiffusion,whichwaslaunchedlatelastmonth.Thetool,alongwithotherpopularimage-generationAImodels,allowsanyonetocreateimpressiveimagesbasedontextprompts.Forexample,typein“WizardwithswordandaglowingorbofmagicfirefightsafiercedragonGregRutkowski,”andthesystemwillproducesomethingthatlooksnotamillionmilesawayfromworksinRutkowski’sstyle.
Buttheseopen-sourceprogramsarebuiltbyscrapingimagesfromtheInternet,oftenwithoutpermissionandproperattributiontoartists.Asaresult,theyareraisingtrickyquestionsaboutethicsandcopyright.AndartistslikeRutkowskihavehadenough.
AccordingtothewebsiteLexica,whichtracksover10millionimagesandpromptsgeneratedbyStableDiffusion,Rutkowski’snamehasbeenusedasapromptaround93,000times.Someoftheworld’smostfamousartists,suchasMichelangelo,PabloPicasso,andLeonardodaVinci,broughtuparound2,000promptseachorless.Rutkowski’snamealsofeaturesasapromptthousandsoftimesintheDiscordofanothertext-to-imagegenerator,Midjourney.Rutkowskiwasinitiallysurprisedbutthoughtitmightbeagoodwaytoreachnewaudiences.Thenhetriedsearchingforhisnametoseeifapiecehehadworkedonhadbeenpublished.Theonlinesearchbroughtbackworkthathadhisnameattachedtoitbutwasn’this.
"It’sbeenjustamonth.WhataboutinayearIprobablywon’tbeabletofindmyworkouttherebecause[theinternet]willbefloodedwithAIart,”Rutkowskisays.“That’sconcerning.”
OtherartistsbesidesRutkowskihavebeensurprisedbytheapparentpopularityoftheirworkintext-to-imagegeneratorsandsomearenowfightingback.
KarlaOrtiz.anillustratorbasedinSanFranciscowhofoundherworkinStableDiffusion'sdataset,hasbeenraisingawarenessabouttheissuesaroundAIartandcopyright.ArtistssaytheyrisklosingincomeaspeoplestartusingAl-generatedimagesbasedoncopyrightedmaterialforcommercialpurposes.Butit'salsoalotmorepersonal,Ortizsays,arguingthatbecauseartissocloselylinkedtoaperson,itcouldraisedataprotectionandprivacyproblems.
"Thereisacoalitiongrowingwithinartistindustriestofigureouthowtotackleormitigatethis,saysOrtiz.Thegroupisinitsearlydaysofmobilization,whichcouldinvolvepushingfornewpoliciesorregulationOnesuggestionisthatAImodelscouldbetrainedonimagesinthepublicdomain,andAIcompaniescouldforgepartnershipswithmuseumsandartists,Ortizsays.
31.whatcanbelearnedaboutRutkowskifromthefirsttwoparagraphsA.HeisenthusiasticaboutusingAlmodelsB.HeispopularwithuserofanAlartgenerator.C.HeattractsadmirationtramotherillustratorsD.Hespecializesinclassicalpaintingdigitalization.32.Theproblemwithopen-sourceAlartgeneratorsisthattheyAlackflexibilityinrespondingtopromptsB.produceartworksinunpredictablestylesc.makeunauthorizeduseofonlineimagesDcollectuserinformationwithoutconsent
33.Aftersearchingonline,RutkowskifoundAauniquewaytoreachaudiencesB.AnewmethodtoidentityAlimagesC.Al-generatedworkbearinghisnameD.heateddisputesregardinghiscopyright34.AccordingtoOrtiz,AlcompaniesareadvisedtoA.campaignfornewpoliciesorregulation.B.offertheirservicestopublicinstitutionsc.strengthentheirrelationshipwithAlusersD.adoptadifferentstrategyforAlmodeltraining35WhatisthetextmainlyaboutA.Artists'responsestoAlartgenerationB.AI'sexpandedroleinartisticcreationC.PrivacyissuesintheapplicationofAl.D.OpposingviewsonAldevelopment
31-35答案：BCCDB
Text4
ThemiracleoftheChesapeakeBayliesnotinitsdepths,butinthecomplexityofitsnaturalconstruction,theinteractionoffreshandsalinewaters,andthemixoflandandwater.Theshallowsprovidehomesforhundredsofspecieswhilestoringfloodwaters,filteringpollutantsfromthewater,andprotectingnearbycommunitiesfrompotentiallydestructivestormsurges.
Allthiswasputatgreatrisklatelastmonth,whentheUSSupremeCourtissuedarulinginacasethatprovidestheUSEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)farlessauthoritytoregulatewetlandsandwaterways.Specifically,a5-4majoritydecidedthatwetlandsprotectedbytheEPAunderitsCleanWaterActauthoritymusthavea"continuoussurfaceconnectiontobodiesofwater."Thisnarrowingoftheregulatoryscopewasavictoryforbuilders,miningoperators,andothercommercialinterestsoftenatoddswithenvironmentalrules.Anditcarries"significantrepercussionsforwaterqualityandfloodcontrolthroughouttheUnitedStates,"asJusticeBrettKavanaughobserved.
InMaryland,thegoodnewsisthattherearemanystatelawsinplacetoprovidewetlandsprotections.Butthat'saveryshortsightedview,particularlywhenitcomestotheChesapeakeBay.Therealityisthatwater,andthepollutantsthatsooftencomewithit,don'trespectstateboundaries.TheChesapeakeBaydrawsfroma64,000-square-milewatershedthatextendsintoVirginia,Pennsylvania,NewYork,WestVirginia,theDistrictofColumbia,andDelaware.WillthosejurisdictionsextendthesameprotectionsnowdeniedunderSackettv.EPAPerhapssome,butallThatseemsunlikely.
Itistooeasy,andmisleading,toseesuchcourtrulingsasmerelystandingupfortherightsoflandownerswhentheconsequencescanbesodirefortheirneighbors.Andit'sareminderthattheEPA'sinvolvementintheChesapeakeBayProgramhaslongbeencrucialasthemeanstotranscendtheinfluenceofdeep-pocketedspecialinterestsinneighboringstates.Pennsylvaniafarmers,touseonetellingexample,aren'tthinkingaboutnextyear'sbluecrabharvestinMarylandwhentheydecidewhethertospreadanimalwasteontheirfields,yettherunoffintonearbycreekscanhaveenormousimpactsdownstream.
AndsowewouldcallonstatelawmakersfromRichmondtoAlbanytoconsiderreviewingtheirownwetlandsprotectionsandseeforthemselvestheenormousstakesinvolved.WecanofferthemavisittoBlackwaterNationalWildlifeRefugeinDorchesterCounty,wherebaldeaglesflyovertidalmarshessoshallowyoucouldnotpaddleaboatacrossthem,butteemingwithaquaticlife.It'sworththescenicdrive.
翻译：
切萨皮克湾的奇迹不在于它的深度，而在于其自然的复杂构造、淡水和盐水的相互作用，以及陆地和水的混合。浅水区为数百种物种提供了家园，同时储存了洪水，过滤了水中的污染物，并保护了附近的社区免受潜在的破坏性风暴潮的影响。
现实情况是，水和经常随之而来的污染物并不尊重州界。切萨皮克湾的水源来自一个6.4万平方公里的流域，该流域延伸到弗吉尼亚州、宾夕法尼亚州、纽约州、西弗吉尼亚州、哥伦比亚特区和特拉华州。在那些司法管辖区，是否会延续现在在Sackettv.EPA案中被剥夺的保护措施呢？也许有些会，但全部都会吗？这似乎不太可能。
很容易误导人们认为这样的法院裁决只是为了维护土地所有者的权利，而对他们的邻居来说后果可能是致命的。这提醒人们，环保局参与切萨皮克湾项目长期以来至关重要，这是超越邻近州财力雄厚的特殊利益集团影响的一种手段。例如，宾夕法尼亚州的农民在决定是否将动物粪便撒在田地上时，并没有考虑到明年马里兰州的蓝蟹捕捞，然而流入附近小溪的径流却会对下游产生巨大的影响。
因此，我们呼吁从里士满到奥尔巴尼的州议员们考虑审查他们自己的湿地保护措施，并亲眼看看所涉及的巨大风险。我们可以带他们参观多切斯特县的黑水国家野生动物保护区，那里秃鹰飞过潮汐沼泽，沼泽浅得无法划船穿越，但水生生物却非常丰富。这趟风景优美的车程是值得的。
36TheChesapeakeBayisdescribedinparagraphIas
[A]avaluablenaturalenvironment
[B]acontroversialconservationarea
[C]aplacewithcommercialpotential
[D]aheadachefornearbycommunities.
37TheU.S.SupremeCourt'srulingintheIdahocase
[A]reinforceswaterpollutioncontrol
[B]weakenstheEPA'sregulatorypower
[C]willendconflictsamonglocalresidents
[D]mayfaceoppositionfromminingoperators
38HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutthefutureoftheChesapeakeBay
[A]Worried
[B]Puzzled
[C]Relieved
[D]Encouraged
39WhatcanbeinferredabouttheEPA'sinvolvementintheChesapeakeBayProgram
[A]Ithasrestoredthebalanceamongneighboringjurisdictions.
[B]Ithastriggeredaradicalreformincommercialfisheries.
[C]Ithassetafineexampleforstateauthorities.
[D]Ithasensuredthecoordinationofprotectionefforts.
40Theauthorholdsthatstatelawmakersshould
[A]becautiousabouttheinfluenceoflandowners
[B]attachdueimportancetowetlandsprotection
[C]recognizetheneedforwildliferefuges
[D]improvethewellbeingofendangeredspecies
36-40答案：ABADB
PartBDirections:ChoosethebeststatementfromthelistA.Gforeachnumberedname(41-45).Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichyoudonotneedtouse,MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
答案:ECFGB
PartC
Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.WriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET(1Opoinis)
46.[译文]它们有时会跋沙60多英里去寻找食物或水，并且非常善于找出其他大象在哪里一一即使这些人象在视线之外[词义]介词结构begoodatdoing善于做…..outofsight在视线范围之外[采分点]它们有时会跋涉60多英里去寻找食物或水，(0.5分);并且非常善于找出其他大象在哪里(1分);即使这些大象在视线之外(0.5分)47.[译文]研究人员确信，关于他们所需的所有资源，大象总是准确地知道自己在哪里，因此它们可以走捷径，也可以沿着熟悉的路线走。[词义]inrelationto与...有关;shortcutn.捷径;aswellas也
49.[译文]植物产生的挥发性化学物质可以散发很远的距离，而且这些物质非常有特点:每一种植物或树木都有自己独特的气味特征。
[词义]volatileadj.挥发性的;carryv.携带;characteristicadj.有特征的;odorn.气味;signaturen.标签[采分点]植物产生的挥发性化学物质可以散发很远的距离，(1分)而且这些物质非常有特点:(0.5分)每一种植物或树木都有自己独特的气味特征.(0.5分)
50.[译文]实验表明，大象可以很好地利用嗅觉来识别适合食用的树木片区，其次评估每个片区内树木的品质。[词义]identify识别patch补丁，一片assess评估[采分点]实验表明，(0.5分)大象可以很好地利用嗅觉来识别适合食用的树木片区，(1分)其次来评估每个片区内树木的品质。(1分)