Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
Theideathatplantshavesomedegreeofconsciousnessfirsttookrootintheearly2000s;theterm“plantneurobiology”was__1__aroundthenotionthatsomeaspectsofplantbehaviorcouldbe__2__tointelligenceinanimals.__3__plantslackbrains,thefiringofelectricalsignalsintheirstemsandleavesnonethelesstriggeredresponsesthat__4__consciousness,researcherspreviouslyreported.
Butsuchanideaisuntrue,accordingtoanewopinionarticle.Plantbiologyiscomplexandfascinating,butit__5__sogreatlyfromthatofanimalsthatso-called__6__ofplants’intelligenceisinconclusive,theauthorswrote.
Beginningin2006,somescientistshave__7__thatplantspossessneuron-likecellsthatinteractwithhormonesandneurotransmitters,__8__“aplantnervoussystem,__9__tothatinanimals,”saidleadstudyauthorLincolnTaiz,“They__10__claimedthatplantshave“brain-likecommandcenters”attheirroottips.”
This__11__makessenseifyousimplifytheworkingsofacomplexbrain,__12__ittoanarrayofelectricalpulses;cellsinplantsalsocommunicatethroughelectricalsignals.__13__,thesignalinginaplantisonly__14__similartothefiringinacomplexanimalbrain,whichismorethan“amassofcellsthatcommunicatebyelectricity,”Taizsaid.
“Forconsciousnesstoevolve,abrainwithathreshold__15__ofcomplexityandcapacityisrequired,”he__16__.”Sinceplantsdon’thavenervoussystems,the__17__thattheyhaveconsciousnessareeffectivelyzero.”
Andwhat’ssogreataboutconsciousness,anywayPlantscan’trunawayfrom__18__,soinvestingenergyinabodysystemwhich__19__athreatandcanfeelpainwouldbeavery__20__evolutionarystrategy,accordingtothearticle.
1.A.coined
B.discovered
C.collected
D.issued
2.A.attributed
B.directed
C.compared
D.confined
3.A.unless
B.when
C.once
D.though
4.A.copedwith
B.consistedof
C.hintedat
D.extended
5.A.suffers
B.benefits
C.develops
D.differs
6.A.acceptance
B.evidence
C.cultivation
D.creation
7.A.doubted
B.denied
C.argued
D.requested
8.A.adapting
B.forming
C.repairing
D.testing
9.A.analogous
B.essential
C.suitable
D.sensitive
10.A.just
B.ever
C.still
D.even
11.A.restriction
B.experiment
C.perspective
D.demand
12.A.attaching
B.reducing
C.returning
D.exposing
13.A.However
B.Moreover
C.Therefore
D.Otherwise
14.A.temporarily
B.literally
C.superficially
D.imaginarily
15.A.list
B.level
C.label
D.local
16.A.recalled
B.agreed
C.questioned
D.added
17.A.chances
B.risks
C.excuses
D.assumptions
18.A.danger
B.failure
C.warning
D.control
19.A.represents
B.includes
C.reveals
D.recognizes
20.A.humble
B.poor
C.practical
D.easy
二、阅读理解
Text1
SovanOostenandhercolleaguesworkedtopreserveGilardi’ssculptures.Theyinfusedsomewithstabilizingandconsolidatingchemicals.VanOostencallsthosechemicals“sunscreens”becausetheirgoalwastopreventfurtherlightdamageandrebuildwornpolymerfibers.Sheisproudthatseveralsculptureshaveevengoneondisplayagain,albeitsometimesbeneathprotectivecases.
DespitesuccessstorieslikevanOosten’s,preservationofplasticswilllikelygetharder.Oldobjectscontinuetodeteriorate.Worse,biodegradableplasticsdesignedtodisintegrate,areincreasinglycommon.
Andmoreisatstakeherethanindividualobjects.JoanaLiaFerreira,anassistantprofessorofconservationandrestorationattheNOVASchoolofScienceandTechnology,notesthatarchaeologistsfirstdefinedthegreatmaterialagesofhumanhistory-StoneAge,IronAge,andsoon-afterexaminingartifactsinmuseums.Wenowliveinanageofplastic,shesays,“andwhatwedecidetocollecttoday,whatwedecidetopreserve...willhaveastrongimpactonhowinthefuturewe’llbeseen.”
21.AccordingtoParagraph1,museumsarefacedwithdifficultiesin____.
A.maintainingtheirplasticitems.
B.obtainingdurableplasticartifacts.
C.handlingoutdatedplasticexhibits.
D.classifyingtheirplasticcollections.
22.VanOostenbelievesthatcertainplasticobjectsare
A.immunetodecay.
B.improperlyshaped.
C.inherentlyflawed.
D.complexinstructure.
23.MuseumsstoppedexhibitingsomeofGilardi’sartworksto____.
A.keepthemfromhurtingvisitors.
B.duplicatethemforfuturedisplay.
C.havetheiringredientsanalyzed.
D.preventthemfromfurtherdamage.
24.Theauthorthinksthatpreservationofplasticsis____.
A.costly.
B.unworthy.
C.unpopular.
D.challenging.
25.InFerreira’sopinion,preservationofplasticartifacts____.
A.willinspirefuturescientificresearch.
B.hasprofoundhistoricalsignificance.
C.willhelpusseparatethematerialages.
Text2
Asthelatestcropofstudentspentheirundergraduateapplicationformandweighuptheiroptions,itmaybeworthconsideringjusthowthepoint,purposeandvalueofadegreehaschangedandwhatGenerationZneedtoconsiderastheystartthethirdstageoftheireducationaljourney.
Millennialsweretoldthatifyoudidwellinschool,gotadecentdegree,youwouldbesetupforlife.Butthatpromisehasbeenfoundwanting.Asdegreesbecameuniversal.theybecamedevalued.Educationwasnolongerasecurerouteofsocialmobility.Today,28percentofgraduatesintheUKareinnon-graduateroles,apercentagewhichisdoubletheaverageamongOECDcountries
Thisisnottosaythatthereisnopointingettingadegree,butratherstressthatadegreeisnotforeveryone,thattheswitchfromclassroomtolecturehallisnotaninevitableoneandthatotheroptionsareavailable.
Thankfully,therearesignsthatthisisalreadyhappening,withGenerationZseekingtolearnfromtheirmillennialpredecessors,evenifparentsandteacherstendtobestillsetinthedegreemindset.Employershavelongseentheadvantagesofhiringschoolleaverswhooftenprovethemselvestobemorecommittedandloyalemployeesthangraduates.Manytooareseeingtheadvantagesofscrappingadegreerequirementforcertainroles.
Forthoseforwhomadegreeisthedesiredroute,considerthatthismaywellbethefirstofmanyInthisageofgeneralists,itpaystohavespecificknowledgeorskills.Postgraduatesnowearn40percentmorethangraduates.Whenmoreandmoreofushaveadegree,itmakessensetohavetwo.
26.theauthorsuggeststhatGenerationZshould____
A.becarefulinchoosingacollege
B.bediligentateacheducationalstage
C.reassessthenecessityofcollegeeducation
D.postponetheirundergraduateapplication
27.ThepercentageofUKgraduatesinnon-graduaterolesreflect
B.theshrinkingvalueofadegree
C.publicdiscontentwitheducation
D.thedesiredrouteofsocialmobility
28.Theauthorconsidersitagoodsignthat____
A.GenerationZareseekingtoearnadecentdegree.
B.Schoolleaversarewillingtobeskilledworkers.
C.Employersaretakingarealisticattitudetodegrees
D.Parentsarechangingtheirmindsabouteducation.
29.ItisadvisedinParagraph5thatthosewithonedegreeshould
A.makeanearlydecisionontheircareer
B.attendonthejobtrainingprograms
C.teamupwithhigh-paidpostgraduates
D.furthertheirstudiesinaspecificfield
30.WhatcanbeconcludedaboutGenerationZfromthelasttwoparagraphs
A.Lifelonglearningwilldefinethem.
B.Theywillmakequalifiededucators.
C.Depresswillnolongerappealthem.
D.Theywillhavealimitedchoiceofjobs.
Text3
Enlightening,challenging,stimulating,fun.TheseweresomeofthewordsthatNaturereadersusedtodescribetheirexperienceofart-sciencecollaborationsinaseriesofarticlesonpartnershipsbetweenartistsandresearchers.Nearly40%oftheroughly350peoplewhorespondedtoanaccompanyingpollsaid,theyhadcollaboratedwithartists;andalmostallsaidtheywouldconsiderdoingsoinfuture.
Suchanencouragingresultsisnotsurprising.Scientistsareincreasinglyseekingoutvisualartiststohelpthemcommunicatetheirworktonewaudiences.”Artistshelpscientistsreachabroaderaudienceandmakeemotionalconnectionsthatenhancelearning.”Onerespondentsaid.
OneexampleofhowartistsandscientistshavetogetherrockedthescenescamelastmonthwhentheSydneySymphonyOrchestraperformedareworkedversionofAntonioVivaldi’sTheFourSeasons.Theyreimaginedthe300-year-oldscorebyinjectingthelatestclimatepredictiondataforeachseason-providedbyMonashUniverity’sClimateChangeCommunicationResearchHub.TheperformancewasacreativecalltoactionaheadofNovember’sUnitedNationsClimateChangeConferenceinGlasgow,UK.
Butagenuinepartnershipmustbeatwo-waystreet.FewerartistthanscientistsrespondedtotheNaturepoll,however,severalrespondentsnotedthatartistsdonotsimplyassistscientistswiththeircommunicationrequirements.Norshouldtheirworkbeconsideredonlyasanobjectofstudy.Thealliancesaremostvaluablewhenscientistsandartistshaveasharedstakeinaproject,areabletojointlydesignitandcancritiqueeachother’swork.Suchanapproachcanbothpromptnewresearchaswellasresultinpowerfulart.
Morethanhalfacenturyago,theMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyopeneditsCenterforAdvancedVisualStudies(CAVS)toexploretheroleoftechnologyinculture.Thefoundersdeliberatelyfocusedtheirprojectsaroundlight-hancethe“visualstudies“inthename.Lightwasasomethingthatbothartistsandscientistshadaninterestin,andthereforecouldformthebasisofcollaboration.Asscienceandtechnologyprogressed,anddividedintomoresub-disciplines,thecentrewassimultaneouslylookingtoatimewhenleadingresearcherscouldalsobeartists,writersandpoets,andviceversa.
Nature’spollfindingssuggestthatthistrendisasstrongasever,but,tomakeacollaborationwork,bothsidesneedtoinvesttime,andembracesurpriseandchallenge.Thereachofart-sciencetie-upsneedstogobeyondthenecessarypurposeofresearchcommunication,andparticipants.Artistsandscientistsalikeareimmersedindiscoveryandinvention,andchallengeandcritiquearecoretoboth,too.
31.Accordingtoparagraph1,art-sciencecollaborationshave_____.
A.caughttheattentionofcritics
B.receivedfavorableresponses
C.promotedacademicpublishing
D.sparkedheatedpublicdisputes
32.ThereworkedversionofTheFourSeasonsismentionedtoshowthat_____.
A.artcanofferaudienceseasyaccesstoscience
B.sciencecanhelpwiththeexpressionofemotions
C.publicparticipationinsciencehasapromisingfuture
D.artiseffectiveinfacilitatingscientificinnovations
33.Someartistsseemtoworryaboutintheart-sciencepartnership_____.
A.theirrolemaybeunderestimated
B.theirreputationmaybeimpaired
C.theircreativitymaybeinhibited
D.theirworkmaybemisguided
34.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutCAVS
A.Itwasheadedalternatelybyartistsandscientists
B.Itexemplifiedvaluableart-sciencealliances
C.Itsprojectsaimedatadvancingvisualstudies
D.Itsfounderssoughttoraisethestatusofartists
35.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorholdsthatart-sciencecollaborations_____.