Directions:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C],or[D]ontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
Theideathatplantshavesomedegreeofconsciousnessfirsttookrootintheearly2000s;theterm“plantneurobiology’was(1)_aroundthenotionthatsomeaspectsofplantbehaviorcouldbe(2)tointelligenceinanimals.(3)plantslackbrains,thefiringofelectricalsignalsintheirstemsandleavesnonethelesstriggeredresponsesthat(4)consciousness,researcherspreviouslyreported.
Butsuchanideaisuntrue,accordingtoanewopinionarticle.Plantbiologyiscomplexandfascinating,butit(5)sogreatlyfromthatofanimalsthatso-called(6)ofplants’intelligenceisinconclusive,theauthorswrote.
Beginningin2006,somescientistshave(7)thatplantspossessneuron—likecellsthatinteractwithhormonesandneurotransmitters,(8)“aplantnervoussystem,(9)tothatinanimals,”saidleadstudyauthorLincolnTaiz,“They(10)claimedthatplantshave“brain-likecommandcenters”attheirroottips.”
This(11)makessenseifyousimplifytheworkingsofacomplexbrain,(12)ittoanarrayofelectricalpulses;cellsinplantsalsocommunicatethroughelectricalsignals.(13),thesignalinginaplantisonly(14)similartothefiringinacomplexanimalbrain,whichismorethan“amassofcellsthatcommunicatebyelectricity,”Taizsaid.
“Forconsciousnesstoevolve,abrainwithathreshold(15)ofcomplexityandcapacityisrequired,”he(16).”Sinceplantsdon’thavenervoussystems,the(17)thattheyhaveconsciousnessareeffectivelyzero.”
Andwhat’ssogreataboutconsciousness,anywayPlantscan’trunawayfrom(18),soinvestingenergyinabodysystemwhich(19)athreatandcanfeelpainwouldbeavery(20)evolutionarystrategy,accordingtothearticle.
1.A.coinedB.discoveredC.collectedD.issued
2.A.attributedB.directedC.comparedD.confined
3.A.unlessB.whenC.onceD.though
4.A.copewithB.consistedofC.hintedatD.extendedin
5.A.suffersB.benefitsC.developsD.differs
6.A.acceptanceB.evidenceC.cultivationD.creation
7.A.doubtedB.deniedC.arguedD.requested
8.A.adaptingB.formingC.repairingD.testing
9.A.analogousB.essentialC.suitableD.sensitive
10.A.justB.everC.stillD.even
11.A.restrictionB.experimentC.perspectiveD.demand
12.A.attachingB.reducingC.returningD.exposing
13.A.HoweverB.MoreoverC.ThereforeD.Otherwise
14.A.temporarilyB.literallyC.superficiallyD.imaginarily
15.A.listB.levelC.labelD.local
16.A.recalledB.agreedC.questionedD.added
17.A.chancesB.risksC.excusesD.assumptions
18.A.dangerB.failureC.warningD.control
19.A.representsB.includesC.revealsD.recognizes
20.A.humbleB.poorC.practicalD.easy
1.【答案】A.coined
2.【答案】C.compared
3.【答案】D.Though
4.【答案】C.hintedto
5.【答案】D.differs
6.【答案】B.evidence
7.【答案】C.argued
8.【答案】B.forming
9.【答案】A.analogous
10.【答案】D.even
11.【答案】C.perspective
12.【答案】D.exposing
13.【答案】A.However
14.【答案】C.Superficial2
15.【答案】B.level
16.【答案】D.added
17.【答案】A.chances
18.【答案】A.danger
19.【答案】D.recognizes
20.【答案】B.poor
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C],or[D].MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
Peopleoftencomplainthatplasticsaretoodurable.Waterbottles,shoppingbags,andothertrashlittertheplanet,fromMountEveresttotheMarianaTrench,becauseplasticsareeverywhereanddon’tbreakdowneasily.Butsomeplasticmaterialschangeovertime.Theycrackandfrizzle.They“weep”outadditives.Theymeltintosludge.Allofwhichcreateshugeheadachesforinstitutions,suchasmuseums,tryingtopreserveculturallyimportantobjects.Thevarietyofplasticobjectsatriskisdizzying:earlyradios,avant-gardesculptures,celluloidanimationstillsfromDisneyfilms,thefirstartificialheart.
Certainartifactsareespeciallyvulnerablebecausesomepioneersinplasticartdidn’talwaysknowhowtomixingredientsproperly,saysTheavanOosten,apolymerchemistwho,untilretiringafewyearsago,workedfordecadesattheCulturalHeritageAgencyoftheNetherlands.“It’slikebakingacake:Ifyoudon’thaveexactamounts,itgoeswrong,”shesays.“Theobjectyoumakeisalreadyatimebomb.”
Andsometimes,it’snottheartist’sfault.Inthe1960s,theItalianartistPicroGilardibegantocreatehundredsofbright,colorfulfoampieces.Thosepiecesincludedsmallbedsofrosesandotheritemsaswellasafewdozen“naturecarpets”-largerectanglesdecoratedwithfoampumpkins,cabbages,andwatermelons.Hewantedviewerstowalkaroundonthecarpets-whichmeanttheyhadtobedurable.
Unfortunately,thepolyurethanefoamheusedisinherentlyunstable.It’sespeciallyvulnerabletolightdamage,andbythemid-1990s,Gilardi’spumpkins,roses,andotherfiguresweresplittingandcrumbling.Museumslockedsomeofthemawayinthedark.SovanOostenandhercolleaguesworkedtopreserveGilardi’ssculptures.Theyinfusedsomewithstabilizingandconsolidatingchemicals.VanOostencallsthosechemicals“sunscreens”becausetheirgoalwastopreventfurtherlightdamageandrebuildwornpolymerfibers.Sheisproudthatseveralsculptureshaveevengoneondisplayagain,albeitsometimesbeneathprotectivecases.
DespitesuccessstorieslikevanOosten’s,preservationofplasticswilllikelygetharder.Oldobjectscontinuetodeteriorate.Worse,biodegradableplasticsdesignedtodisintegrate,areincreasinglycommon.Andmoreisatstakeherethanindividualobjects.JoanaLiaFerreira,anassistantprofessorofconservationandrestorationattheNOVASchoolofScienceandTechnology,notesthatarchaeologistsfirstdefinedthegreatmaterialagesofhumanhistory-StoneAge,IronAge,andsoon-afterexaminingartifactsinmuseums.Wenowliveinanageofplastic,shesays,“andwhatwedecidetocollecttoday,whatwedecidetopreserve...willhaveastrongimpactonhowinthefuturewe’llbeseen.”
21.AccordingtoParagraph1,museumsarefacedwithdifficultiesin______.
[A]maintainingtheirplasticitems
[B]obtainingdurableplasticartifacts
[C]handlingoutdatedplasticexhibits
[D]classifyingtheirplasticcollections
22.VanOostenbelievesthatcertainplasticobjectsare______.
[A]immunetodecay
[B]improperlyshaped
[C]inherentlyflawed
[D]complexinstructure
23.MuseumsstoppedexhibitingsomeofGilardi’sartworksto______.
[A]keepthemfromhurtingvisitors
[B]duplicatethemforfuturedisplay
[C]havetheiringredientsanalyzed
[D]preventthemfromfurtherdamage
24.Theauthorthinksthatpreservationofplasticsis______.
[A]costly
[B]unworthy
[C]unpopular
[D]challenging
25.InFerreira'sopinion,preservationofplasticartifacts______.
[A]willinspirefuturescientificresearch
[B]hasprofoundhistoricalsignificance
[C]willhelpusseparatethematerialages
[D]hasanimpactontoday’sculturallife
Text2
Asthelatestcropofstudentspentheirundergraduateapplicationsandweighuptheiroptions,itmaybeworthconsideringjusthowthepoint,purposeandvalueofadegreehaschangedandwhatGenZneedtoconsiderastheystartthethirdstageoftheireducationaljourney.
Millennialsweretoldthatifyoudidwellinschool,gotadecentdegree,youwouldbesetupforlife.Butthatpromisehasbeenfoundwanting.Asdegreesbecameuniversal,theybecamedevalued.Educationwasnolongerasecurerouteofsocialmobility.Today,28percentofgraduatesintheUKareinnon-graduateroles;apercentagewhichisdoubletheaverageamongsttheOECD.
Thisisnottosaythatthereisnopointingettingadegree,but,ratherstressthatadegreeisnotforeveryone,thattheswitchfromclassroomtolecturehallisnotaninevitableoneandthatotheroptionsareavailable.
Thankfully,therearesignsthatthisisalreadyhappening,withGenZseekingtolearnfromtheirmillennialpredecessors,evenifparentsandteacherstendtobestillsetinthedegreemindset.Employershavelongseentheadvantagesofhiringschoolleaverswhooftenprovethemselvestobemorecommittedandloyalemployeesthangraduates.Manytooareseeingtheadvantagesofscrappingadegreerequirementforcertainroles.
Forthoseforwhomadegreeisthedesiredroute,considerthatthismaywellbethefirstofmany.Inthisageofgeneralists,itpaystohavespecificknowledgeorskills.Postgraduatesnowearn40percentmorethangraduates.Whenmoreandmoreofushaveadegree,itmakessensetohavetwo.
ItisunlikelythatGenZwillbedonewitheducationat18or21;theywillneedtobeconstantlyup-skillingthroughouttheircareertostayagile,relevantandemployable.Ithasbeenestimatedthatthisgenerationduetothepressuresoftechnology,thewishforpersonalfulfilmentanddesirefordiversitywillworkfor17differentemployersoverthecourseoftheirworkinglifeandhavefivedifferentcareers.Education,andnotjustknowledgegainedoncampus,willbeacorepartofGenerationZ’scareertrajectory.
Oldergenerationsoftentalkabouttheirdegreeinthepresentandpersonaltense:Iamageographer’or‘Tamaclassist.Theirsonsordaughterswouldneversaysuchathing;it’sasiftheyalreadyknowthattheirdegreewon’tdefinetheminthesameway.
26.TheauthorsuggeststhatGenerationZshould______.
[A]becarefulinchoosingacollege
[B]bediligentateacheducationalstage
[C]reassessthenecessityofcollegeeducation
[D]postponetheirundergraduateapplication
27.ThepercentageofUKgraduatesinnon-graduaterolesreflect______.
[A]Millennial’sopinionsaboutwork
[B]theshrinkingvalueofadegree
[C]publicdiscontentwitheducation
[D]thedesiredrouteofsocialmobility
28.Theauthorconsidersitagoodsignthat______.
[A]GenerationZareseekingtoearnadecentdegree
[B]schoolleaversarewillingtobeskilledworkers
[C]employersaretakingarealisticattitudetodegree
[D]parentsarechangingtheirmindsabouteducation
29.ItisadvisedinParagraph5thatthosewithonedegreeshould______.
[A]makeanearlydecisionontheircareer
[B]attendonthejobtrainingprograms
[C]teamupwithhigh-paidpostgraduates
[D]furthertheirstudiesinaspecificfield
30.WhatcanbeconcludedaboutGenerationZfromthelasttwoparagraphs
[A]Lifelonglearningwilldefinethem.
[B]Theywillmakequalifiededucators.
[C]Depresswillnolongerappealthem.
[D]Theywillhavealimitedchoiceofjobs.
Text3
Enlightening,challenging,stimulating,fun.TheseweresomeofthewordsthatNaturereadersusedtodescribetheirexperienceofart-sciencecollaborationsinaseriesofarticlesonpartnershipsbetweenartistsandresearchers.Nearly40%oftheroughly350peoplewhorespondedtoanaccompanyingpollsaid,theyhadcollaboratedwithartists;andalmostallsaidtheywouldconsiderdoingsoinfuture.
Suchanencouragingresultsisnotsurprising.Scientistsareincreasinglyseekingoutvisualartiststohelpthemcommunicatetheirworktonewaudiences.“Artistshelpscientistsreachabroaderaudienceandmakeemotionalconnectionsthatenhancelearning.”Onerespondentsaid.
OneexampleofhowartistsandscientistshavetogetherrockedthescenescamelastmonthwhentheSydneySymphonyOrchestraperformedareworkedversionofAntonioVivaldi’sTheFourSeasons.Theyreimaginedthe300-year-oldscorebyinjectingthelatestclimatepredictiondataforeachseason-providedbyMonashUniversity’sClimateChangeCommunicationResearchHub.TheperformancewasacreativecalltoactionaheadofNovember’sUnitedNationsClimateChangeConferenceinGlasgow,UK.
Butagenuinepartnershipmustbeatwo-waystreet.FewerartistthanscientistsrespondedtotheNaturepoll,however,severalrespondentsnotedthatartistsdonotsimplyassistscientistswiththeircommunicationrequirements.Norshouldtheirworkbeconsideredonlyasanobjectofstudy.Thealliancesaremostvaluablewhenscientistsandartistshaveasharedstakeinaproject,areabletojointlydesignitandcancritiqueeachother’swork.Suchanapproachcanbothpromptnewresearchaswellasresultinpowerfulart.Morethanhalfacenturyago,theMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyopeneditsCenterforAdvancedVisualStudies(CAVS)toexploretheroleoftechnologyinculture.Thefoundersdeliberatelyfocusedtheirprojectsaroundlight-hancethe“visualstudies”inthename.Lightwasasomethingthatbothartistsandscientistshadaninterestin,andthereforecouldformthebasisofcollaboration.Asscienceandtechnologyprogressed,anddividedintomoresub-disciplines,thecentrewassimultaneouslylookingtoatimewhenleadingresearcherscouldalsobeartists,writersandpoets,andviceversa.
Nature’spollfindingssuggestthatthistrendisasstrongasever,but,tomakeacollaborationwork,bothsidesneedtoinvesttime,andembracesurpriseandchallenge.Thereachofart-sciencetie-upsneedstogobeyondthenecessarypurposeofresearchcommunication,andparticipants.Artistsandscientistsalikeareimmersedindiscoveryandinvention,andchallengeandcritiquearecoretoboth,too.
31.Accordingtoparagraph1,art-sciencecollaborationshave______.
[A]caughttheattentionofcritics
[B]receivedfavorableresponses
[C]promotedacademicpublishing
[D]sparkedheatedpublicdisputes
32.ThereworkedversionofTheFourSeasonsismentionedtoshowthat______.
[A]artcanofferaudienceseasyaccesstoscience
[B]sciencecanhelpwiththeexpressionofemotions
[C]publicparticipationinsciencehasapromisingfuture
[D]artiseffectiveinfacilitatingscientificinnovations
33.Someartistsseemtoworryaboutintheart-sciencepartnership______.
[A]theirrolemaybeunderestimated
[B]theirreputationmaybeimpaired
[C]theircreativitymaybeinhibited
[D]theirworkmaybemisguided
34.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutCAVS
[A]Itwasheadedalternatelybyartistsandscientists.
[B]Itexemplifiedvaluableart-sciencealliances.
[C]Itsprojectsaimedatadvancingvisualstudies.
[D]Itsfounderssoughttoraisethestatusofartists.
35.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorholdsthatart-sciencecollaborations______.
[A]arelikelytogobeyondpublicexpectations
[B]willintensifyinterdisciplinarycompetition
[C]shoulddomorethancommunicatingscience.
[D]arebecomingmorepopularthanbefore
Text4
ThepersonalgrievanceprovisionsofNewZealand’sEmploymentRelationsAct2000(ERA)preventanemployerfromfiringanemployeewithoutgoodcause.Instead,dismissalsmustbejustified.Employersmustbothshowcauseandactinaprocedurallyfairway.
Personalgrievanceproceduresweredesignedtoguardthejobsofordinaryworkersfrom“unjustifieddismissals”.Thepremisewasthatthecommonlawofcontractlackedsufficientsafeguardsforworkersagainstarbitraryconductbymanagement.Longgonearethedayswhenabosscouldsimplygiveanemployeecontractualnotice.
Buttheseprovisionscreatedifficultiesforbusinesseswhenappliedtohighlypaidmanagersandexecutives.Ascountlessboardsandbusinessownerswillattest,constrainingfirmsfromfiringpoorlyperforming,high-earningmanagersisahandbrakeonboostingproductivityandoverallperformance.ThedifferencebetweenC-gradeandA-grademanagersmayverywellbethedifferencebetweenbusinesssuccessorfailure.Betweenpreservingthejobsofordinaryworkersorlosingthem.Yetmediocrityisnolongerenoughtojustifyadismissal.
Consequently—andparadoxically—lawsintroducedtoprotectthejobsofordinaryworkersmaybeplacingthosejobsatrisk.
Ifnotplacingjobsatrisk,totheextentemploymentprotectionlawsconstrainbusinessownersfromdismissingunder-performingmanagers,thoselawsactasaconstraintonfirmproductivityandthereforeonworkers’wages.Indeed,in“AnInternationalPerspectiveonNewZealand’sProductivityParadox”(2014),theProductivityCommissionsingledoutthelowqualityofmanagerialcapabilitiesasacauseofthecountry’spoorproductivitygrowthrecord.
NorarehighlypaidmanagersthemselvesimmunefromtheharmcausedbytheERA’sunjustifieddismissalprocedures.Becauseemploymentprotectionlawsmakeitcostliertofireanemployee,employersaremorecautiousabouthiringnewstaff.Thismakesitharderforthemarginalmanagertogainemployment.Andfirmspaystafflessbecausefirmscarrytheburdenoftheemploymentarrangementgoingwrong.
Societyalsosuffersfromexcessiveemploymentprotections.Stringentjobdismissalregulationsadverselyaffectproductivitygrowthandhamperbothprosperityandoverallwell-being.
AcrosstheTasmanSea,Australiadealswiththeunjustifieddismissalparadoxbyexcludingemployeesearningaboveaspecified“high-incomethreshold”fromtheprotectionofitsunfairdismissallaws.InNewZealand,a2016privatemembers’Billtriedtopermitfirmsandhigh-incomeemployeestocontractoutoftheunjustifieddismissalregime.However,themechanismsproposedwereunwieldyandtheBillwasvoteddownfollowingthechangeingovernmentlaterthatyear.
36.ThepersonalgrievanceprovisionsoftheERAareintendedto______.
[A]punishdubiouscorporatepractices
[B]improvetraditionalhiringprocedures
[C]exemptemployersfromcertainduties
[D]protecttherightsofordinaryworkers
37.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph3thattheprovisionsmay______.
[A]hinderbusinessdevelopment
[B]underminemanagers’authority
[C]affectthepublicimageofthefirms
[D]worsenlabor-managementrelations
38.WhichofthefollowingmeasureswouldbetheProductivityCommissionsupport
[A]Imposingreasonablewagerestraints.
[B]Enforcingemploymentprotectionlaws
[C]Limitingthepowersofbusinessowners.
[D]Dismissingpoorlyperformingmanagers.
39.WhatmightbeaneffectofERA’sunjustifieddismissalprocedures
[A]Highlypaidmanagerslosetheirjobs.
[B]Employeessufferfromsalarycuts.
[C]Societyseesariseinoverallwell-being.
[D]Employersneedtohirenewstaff.
40.Itcanbeinferredthatthe“high-incomethreshold”inAustralia______.
[A]hassecuredmanagers’earnings
[B]hasproducedundesiredresults
[C]isbeneficialtobusinessowners
[D]isdifficulttoputintopractice
21.【答案】[A]maintainingtheirplasticitems
22.【答案】[B]improperlyshaped
23.【答案】[D]preventthemfromfurtherdamage
24.【答案】[D]challenging
25.【答案】[B]hasprofoundhistoricalsignificance
26、【答案】Creassessthenecessityofcollegeeducation
27、【答案】Btheshrinkingvalueofadegree
28、【答案】Cemployersaretakingarealisticattitudetodegrees
29、【答案】Dfurthertheirstudiesinaspecificfield
30、【答案】Alifelonglearningwilldefinethem
31.【答案】Breceivedfavorableresponses
32.【答案】Aartcanofferaudienceseasyaccesstoscience
33.【答案】Atheirrolemaybeunderestimated
34.【答案】BItexemplifiedvaluableart-sciencealliances
35.【答案】Cshoulddomorethancommunicatingscience
36.【答案】Dprotecttherightsofordinaryworkers
37.【答案】Ahinderbusinessdevelopment
38.【答案】DDismissingpoorlyperformingmanagers
39.【答案】BEmployeessufferfromsalarycuts
40.【答案】Cisbeneficialtobusinessowners
PartC
Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
“Between1807and1814theIberianPeninsula(comprisingSpainandPortugal)wasthesceneofatitanicandmercilessstruggle.Ittookplaceonmanydifferentplanes:betweenNapoleon'sFrencharmyandtheangryinhabitants;betweentheBritish,everkeentoexacerbatetheemperor'sdifficulties,andthemarshalssentfromParistotrytokeepthemincheck;betweennewforcesofscienceandmeritocracyandoldonesofconservatismandbirth.46)Itwasalso,andthisisunknowneventomanypeoplewellreadabouttheperiod,abattlebetweenthosewhomadecodesandthosewhobrokethem.
IfirstdiscoveredtheNapoleoniccryptographicbattleafewyearsagowhenIwasreadingSirCharlesOman'sepicHistoryofthePeninsularWar.InvolumeVhehadattachedanappendix,“TheScovellCiphers.”(47)ItlistedmanydocumentsincodethathadbeencapturedfromtheFrencharmyofSpain,andwhosesecretshadbeenrevealedbytheworkofoneGeorgeScovell,anofficerinBritishheadquarters.OmanratedScovell’ssignificancehighly,butatthesametime,thegeneralnatureofhisHistorymeantthat(48)hecouldnotanalyzecarefullywhatthisobscureofficermayormaynothavecontributedtothatgreatstrugglebetweennationsorindeedtellusanythingmuchaboutthemanhimself.Iwaskeentoreadmore,butwassurprisedtofindthatOman'sappendix,publishedin1914,wastheonlyconsideredthingthathadbeenwrittenaboutthissecretwar.e
IbecameconvincedthatthisstorywaseverybitasexcitingandsignificantasthatofEnigmaandthebreakingofGermancodesintheSecondWorldWar.Thequestionwas,coulditbetold
StudyingScovell’spapersatthePublicRecordOffice(inKew,westLondon)Ifoundthathehadleftanextensivejournalandcopiousnotesaworkinthepeninsula.Whatwasmore,manyoriginalFrenchdispatcheshadbeenpreservedinthiscollection.Irealizedatoncethatthiswaspriceless.(49)TheremayhavebeenmanyspiesandintelligenceofficersduringtheNapoleonicWars,butitisusuallyextremelydifficulttofindthematerialtheyactuallyprovidedorworkedon.Furthermore,Scovell’sstoryinvolvedmuchmorethanjustintelligencework.HisstatusinLordWellington'sheadquartersandtherecognitiongiventohimforhisworkwereallboundupwiththeclasspoliticsofthearmyatthetime.Histaleofself-improvementandhardworkwouldmakeafascinatingbiographyinitsownright,butrepresentssomethingmorethanthat.(50)JustasthecodebreakinghasitswiderrelevanceinthestruggleforSpain,sohisattemptstomakehiswayupthepromotionladderspeakvolumesaboutBritishsociety.
ThestoryofWellingtonhimselfalsogrippedme.HalfacenturyagohiscampaignswereconsideredacentralpartoftheBritishhistoricalmythologyandspoon-fedtoschoolboys.Morerecentlythishasnotbeenthecase,whichisagreatshame.Agenerationhasgrownup
(46)Itwasalso,andthisisunknowneventomanypeoplewellreadabouttheperiod,abattlebetweenthosewhomadecodesandthosewhobrokethem.
【参考译文】这也是一场在制定和破坏密码的人之间展开的战争，这甚至对那些熟知这一时期的人来说都是未知的。
(47)ItlistedmanydocumentsincodethathadbeencapturedfromtheFrencharmyofSpain,andwhosesecretshadbeenrevealedbytheworkofoneGeorgeScovell,anofficerinBritishheadquarters.
【参考译文】它列出了许多从西班牙法军缴获的密码文件，这些文件的秘密是由英国总部的一位军官乔治斯科维尔揭露出来。
(48)hecouldnotanalyzecarefullywhatthisobscureofficermayormaynothavecontributedtothatgreatstrugglebetweennationsorindeedtellusanythingmuchaboutthemanhimself.
【参考译文】他无法仔细分析这个无名军官是否促成了那场国家间的伟大斗争，也无法确切地告诉我们关于这个人本人的任何事情。
(49)TheremayhavebeenmanyspiesandintelligenceofficersduringtheNapoleonicWars,butitisusuallyextremelydifficulttofindthematerialtheyactuallyprovidedorworkedon.
【参考译文】拿破仑战争期间可能有很多间谍和情报官员，但通常很难找到他们实际提供或从事的材料。
(50)JustasthecodebreakinghasitswiderrelevanceinthestruggleforSpain,sohisattemptstomakehiswayupthepromotionladderspeakvolumesaboutBritishsociety.
【参考译文】正如破译密码在西班牙的斗争中有着更广泛的意义一样，他试图爬上晋升阶梯的努力也充分说明了英国社会的情况。
SectionIIIWriting
51.Directions:
Writeane-mailtoaprofessorataBritishuniversity,invitinghim/hertoorganizeateamfortheinternationalinnovationtobeheldatyouruniversity.
Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.
Donotsignyourownnameattheend.Use“LiMing”instead.
Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)
【参考范文】
Dearprofessor,
I,asaseniorstudentfromTsinghua,amwritingthise-mailtoinviteyoutoorganizeateamfortheinternationalinnovationwhichwillbeheldatouruniversityfromJune5thtoJune10th.
Innovationisthecorefactorofeconomicgrowthandthesourceofhumanwealth,butitisaccomplishedbytheoutstandingperson.Consideringthatyouareafamousprofessorandhasmadegreatachievementsininnovation,wedohopeyoucanorganizeagreatteammadeupofinnovativetalentstoparticipateinthisactivity.
Sinceyourpresenceisofvitalimportancetoourschool,Isincerelyhopeyoucancomeonthatday.Iamanxiouslylookingforwardtoyourreplytotellmewhetheryoucanbehereornot.
Yourssincerely,
LiMing
【参考译文翻译】
尊敬的教授，
我是一名来自清华大学的大四学生，我写这封邮件的目的是想邀请您为国际创新大赛组建一个团队，该活动将于6月5日至6月10日在我校举行。
创新是经济增长的核心要素和人类财富的源泉，但它是由杰出的人才完成的。鉴于您是一位著名的教授，并且在创新方面取得了很大的成就，我们非常希望您能组织一支由创新人才组成的优秀团队来参加这次活动。
因为你们的到来对我们学校来说是至关重要的，我真诚地希望你们能在那天按时到来。我急切地期待着您的答复，在回复中您将告诉我你是否能来我们学校。
谨启，
李明
PartB
52.Directions:
Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould
1)describethedrawingbriefly,
2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen
3)giveyourcomments.
YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)
Graphicallydepictedinthepictureisascene,inwhichtherearetwostudentsstandinginfrontofaposterofacampuslecture.Theindividualontheleftairshisperspectivethatitdoesn’tbelongtohismajoranditisuselesstolistentothelecture.Conversely,hiscounterpartholdstheoppositeideathatitmaybeusefultoourstudyandgrowth.Weareinformedthatvariousfolkstakedifferentattitudestowardthesamescene.
Undoubtedly,theauthorstrivestoconveyaconspicuousmessagethatweshouldbeapreparedperson.Itisintensivelearningthatkeepsuscontinuallydoingsomethingvaluableandadmirableinspiteofdifficultiesanddiscouragement.Besides,notonlydoesapreparedmindmakesusbefullofenergytofacethecomingchallengesandcompetitionsbutalsooffersusthefoundationforthecomingsuccess.Accordingtoalatestsurveyconductedbyaninternationalorganizations,approximately76.5%oftherespondentsholdtheviewthattheyarewillingtolearnextensivelyandtobeapreparedpersonbecauseatheorythatopportunitiesdon’tcometothosewhoaren’tprepared.
Weighinguptheaboveseveralaspects,Isupposethatnotuntilwerealizethesignificanceofbeingapreparedpersonandlearningextensivelyandputthisattitudeintopractice,canwefosteritgraduallyandmakeabetterprogress.Therefore,themassmedia,suchastelevisionandtheInternet,shouldmakeeveryefforttopropagateandadvocatethepositivementality.Inaddition,asforourcollegestudents,weoughttodoourparttolearnanyusefulknowledgeinoursparetime.Onlyinthiswaycanweembraceaprospectivefuture.
图画清晰地描述了一个场景，在这个场景中，两个学生站在一张校园讲座的海报前面，左边的学生说：“不是我们专业的，听了也没用。”;相反，另一个学生说：“听了或许也有用。”不同的人对待同一场景可能会有不同的态度。
毫无疑问，作者向我们传达了一个明显的信息：我们应该做一个有准备的人。尽管有困难的沮丧，但是正是广泛学习使我们不断地做一些有价值和令人钦佩的事情。此外，一个有准备的头脑不仅使我们充满活力以面对未来的挑战和竞争，也为我们未来的成功奠定了基础。根据国际机构做的最新的一项调查，76.5%的受访者持有的观点是：由于机会总是留给那些有准备的人，所以他们愿意广泛学习，做一个有准备的人。