高考渐行渐近，我们该如何准备高考？笔者根据多年的辅导经验和成功考生切身体会，建议考生在考前冲刺阶段做有针对性的准备：
1.听力
在高考复习进入冲刺的阶段，每天抽出几分钟听听课文录音或做做听力练习题。听力测试涉及的内容有：获取对话具体信息；把握对话主旨；领会对话的观点、态度及意图；推测背景、地点及对话者关系等。
2.单项选择
单项选择试题具有以下特点：①内容覆盖面广，考查范围均为大纲中所列的所有语法项目包括动词非谓语形式、时态、被动语态、情态动词、冠词、形容词、副词、代词、连词、从句、倒装、习惯表达法等；②重点突出，强调动词的考查；③突出语境的作用，提供语境间接考查语言知识的运用。因此，考生必须对语法部分进行全面、细致的复习。
(1)不定式作宾补何时不带to
不定式作宾补何时不带to？下面口诀给帮助。
两听、五看、一感觉，使役动词有三个。
help,find之后可带可不带(to),它们可以排在外。
两听，即hear,listento；五看，即see,watch,notice,observe,lookat；一感觉，即feel。
(2)接动词不定式作宾语的动词有哪些？
我们可用这样一个虚构词merdowphla(磨豆腐喽)帮助归纳记忆。每一个字母代表一个英语单词。m－mean(打算)，manage(设法)；e－expect(期盼)；r－refuse(拒绝)；d－dare(敢)，desire(渴望),determine(决心)，decide(决定)，demand(要求)；o－offer(企图)；w－want(想要)，wish(希望);p－promise(答应)，pretend(假装),plan(计划)；h－hope;l－long(渴望)，learn(学习);a－ask(要求),arrange(安排)。
(3)及物动词后宾语从句的谓语动词用should＋动词原形：
一坚持，二命令，四建议，五要求，
其宾语从句用should＋动词原形，
should既可以省略，
should也可以保留。
一坚持，即insist；二命令，即order,command；四建议，即suggest,propose，advise，recommend；五要求，即ask,demand,require,request,urge。
3.完形填空
4.阅读理解
5.单词拼写
近几年起高考试题中又出现了单词拼写题。在评卷中发现它的正确率最低。考生备考中应注意：音形结合记忆；分式记忆(不规则动词)(AAA式，如putputput。ABB式，如buyboughtbought。ABA式，如comecamecome。ABC式，如dodiddone。)；分类记忆；对比记忆，如：come－go,right－left等；区别记忆，如同义词或近义词learn,study等，同音词、近音词write,right等，形似词quite,quilt,quick,quiz等；分解记忆，适用于复合词，如newspapernews＋paper等；联想记忆，如school联想到teacher,student,class,desk,classmate,headmaster,college,university等；前后缀记忆，如：care－careful－careless－carefully－carelessly等；不等式找感觉记忆，对表示频率及时光、岁月的词用不等式找感觉记忆，如：
always＞often＞usually＞sometimes＞onceinawhile＞never;year＞season＞month＞week＞day＞hour＞minute＞second等；连词成句成文记忆。
单词拼写考查的重点单词为以下三种情形：有的单词较长，难记住，有的属于仅靠发音也分不清字母的，还有的属于通过汉语意思较能猜测单词的。考生在答题过程中还要特别注意词尾的变化名词的单复数，动词的时态、语态和人称，形容词和副词以及它们的比较等级。
6.短文改错
短文改错的实质就是同学们自己考自己。在临战阶段同学之间可互相批改自己的习作，互相发现错误，这样既提高了写作水平又练习了改错。
7.写作
也是同学们容易丢分的部分，越是到最后越要重视写作，要多看一些范文，多背一些好句，不要忘了：熟读唐诗三百首，不会写来也会吟。另外还要用一些常用动词和句式，做一些汉译英的练习。临阵磨枪，不快也光。考生答题过程中要注意：
(1)注意审题，确定要点。
(2)仔细阅读写作要求及注意事项，确定要点、确定格式、题材及基本要点。
(3)扩展要点。先给要点加上主语和修饰语，然后丰富要点，把要点扩展成句子，将句子补充完整，向高级升华。
(4)连句成篇。连句成篇时，要注意正确使用连接词。
(5)全面检查，书法规范。注意检查拼写、标点符号错误；人称、时态、语态错误；句子结构和逻辑错误；考虑语篇结构；考虑句式的变化和词汇的丰富。书法规范就是英语单的书写要规范，做到横三齐，竖平行。
综上所述，只要我们吃透高考大纲，把握其特点和对考生的要求，具有扎实的基本功，加上良好的应试策略，师生共同努力，就能在2009年的高考中立于不败之地。
第二章英语科考试大纲导读
2009年的《考试大纲》，比往年来得更早一些。
《考试大纲》的提前颁布向广大师生透露出一个重要信号：高考不再是神秘的殿堂。高考改革始终坚持在稳定中求发展的命题指导思想，命题的基本原则依然是突出语篇，注重交际，讲究灵活，强调应用，不会出现明显的变化，不会折腾莘莘学子。
与2008年相比，2009年的《考试大纲》基本上没有任何变化，只是在高考语法项目表中增加了词类项目，这样更加明确了考试内容，助于考生把握词类，对词类有个概括的了解。
考生在备考过程中应仔细研读《考试大纲》中的内容，融会贯通，做到胸有成竹。一定要重视基础，例如：考纲词汇能否拼写正确？基本词汇和短语能否灵活运用？基本语法能否理解？基本句型能否掌握？各个题型的基本解题技巧是否熟练？书写是否规范？等等。
最后，预祝考生们圆梦高考，再创佳绩。
Ⅰ.考试性质
普通高等学校招生全国统一考试是由合格的高中毕业生和具有同等学力的考生参加的选拔性考试。高等学校根据考生的成绩，按已确定的招生计划，德、智、体全面衡量，择优录取。因此，高考应有较高的信度、效度、适当的难度和必要的区分度。
英语科考试是按照标准化测试要求设计的。
【导读】《考试大纲》是根据普通高等学校对新生文化素质的要求，参照《中学教学大纲》并根据中学教学实际而制定的。它明确了考试的指导思想。
Ⅱ.考试内容和要求
根据普通高等学校对新生文化素质的要求，参照教育部2000年颁布的《全日制高级中学英语教学大纲(试验修订版)》，并考虑中学教学实际，制订本学科考试内容。
一、语言知识
【导读】语言知识题包括语法、词汇类单项填空题和完形填空题。语言知识主要考查：①语法和词汇知识在实际的、不同的情景中的运用；②语言必须适合具体的交际行为；③语言考核的焦点为达到交际的目的，交际行为除了需要语言能力外，还需要把握情况的能力等。
二、语言运用
要求考生听懂有关日常生活中所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。考生应能：
(1)理解主旨和要义；
【导读】主旨要义一般比较明确，但有时会贯穿整个对话或独白，需要考生自己去归纳、概括。
(2)获取事实性的具体信息；
(3)对所听内容作出简单推断；
【导读】推断能力在一定程度上可以体现一个人对口语的理解能力，因而也是听力测试考查的重点项目之一。
(4)理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。
【导读】一般来讲，说话者总会表明说话的意图，或是提出或回答问题，或是阐明自己的想法，或是表明自己的态度或意见，对此的理解或推断在一般交往中非常重要。
【试题举例】
M：LadiesandGentlemen,letswelcomeJaneCarter.Jane,youaresoyoung.Howcanyousingsowell
W：Well,Mr.Green.Ilikesingingverymuch.AndIvebeendoingthisforawhile.AboveallIhaveMr.Jamesasmyteacher.
M：Nowonder.Ibelieveyoulldoawonderfuljobtonight.Nowladiesandgentlemen,JaneCarter!
1.Whatisthemandoing
A.Givingaspeech.B.Chairingameeting.C.Introducingaperson.
2.Whydoesthewomansingsowell
A.Shehasagreatteacher.B.Sheteachessinging.C.Sheisyoung.
1.【答案】C
【解析】根据男声letswelcomeJaneCarter可知他是在向别人介绍一个名叫JaneCarter的歌手。
2.【答案】A
2.阅读
(2)理解文中具体信息；
(3)根据上下文推断生词的词义；
(4)作出简单判断和推理；
【导读】把握全篇的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。对这种能力的考查，一般反映在理解文中某一段落的作用或某些词语的指代关系的题目中。
(6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
【试题举例】(2008年全国卷Ⅰ)
LastweekmyyoungestsonandIvisitedmyfatherathisnewhomeinTucson，Arizona.Hemovedthereafewyearsago，andIwaseagertoseehisnewplaceandmeethisfriends.
Myearliestmemoriesofmyfatherareofatall，handsome，successfulmandevotedtohisworkandfamily，butuncomfortablewithhischildren.AsachildIlovedhim；asaschoolgirlandyoungadult(成年人)Ifearedhimandfeltbitterabouthim.HeseemedunhappywithmeunlessIgotstraightAsandunhappywithmyboyfriendsiftheirfatherswerenotassuccessfulashewas.WheneverIwentoutwithhimonweekends，Iusedtostruggletothinkupthingstosay，feelingonguard.
Onthefirstdayofmyvisit，wewentoutwithoneofmyfathersfriendsforlunchatanoutdoorcafe.Wewalkedalongthatafternoon，didsomeshopping，ateonthestreettable，andlaughedovermysonsfunnyfacialexpressions.Gonewasmyfatherscritical(挑剔的)airandstrictrules.WhowasthispersonIknewasmyfather，whoseemedsofriendlyandinterestingtobearound？Whathadheldhimbackbefore
Thenextdaymydadpulledouthischildhoodpicturesandtoldmequiteafewstoriesabouthisownchildhood.Althoughourtimestogetherbecameeasierovertheyears，Ineverfeltclosertohimatthatmoment.Aftersomanyyears，Imatlastseeinganothersideofmyfather.Andinsodoing，Imdelightedwithmy_new_friend.Mydad，inhisnewhomeinArizona，isbacktomefromwherehewas.
56.Whydidtheauthorfeelbitteraboutherfatherasayoungadult
A.Hewassilentmostofthetime.
B.Hewastooproudofhimself.
C.Hedidnotlovehischildren.
D.Heexpectedtoomuchofher
57.Whentheauthorwentoutwithherfatheronweekends，shewouldfeel________.
A.nervousB.sorry
C.tiredD.safe
58.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofherfatherafterhervisittoTucson
A.Morecritical.B.Moretalkative.
C.Gentleandfriendly.D.Strictandhardworking.
A.theauthorsson
B.theauthorsfather
C.thefriendoftheauthorsfather
D.thecafeowner
56.【答案】D
【解析】考查细节理解。答案信息在第二段...feltbitterabouthim.HeseemedunhappywithmeunlessIgotstraightAs...。
57.【答案】A
【解析】细节判断题。信息提示在第二段最后一句话：WheneverIwentoutwithhimonweekends,Iusedtostruggletothinkupthingstosay,feelingonguard.
58.【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。从第三段与第四段可找到答案。
59.【答案】B
【解析】考查指代问题。根据全文可知，父亲以前很苛刻，我和他关系很疏远，如今他变了，容易让人亲近了，此时把父亲称作自己的新朋友，后文信息提示mynewfriend.Mydad,inhisnewhomeinArizona,isbacktomefromwherehewas.
(2008年北京卷)
Domestic(驯养的)horsesnowpullploughs，raceintheKentuckyDerby，andcarrypolice.Butearlyhorseswerenttame(驯服的)enoughtoperformthesekindsoftasks.Scientiststhinkthefirstinteractionshumanshadwithhorseswerefardifferentfromthosetoday.
Thousandsofyearsago，peoplekilledthewildhorsesthatlivedaroundthemforfood.Overtime，peoplebegantocatchtheanimalsandraisethem.Thiswasthefirststepindomestication.
Aspeoplebegantotameandridehorses，theychosetokeepthoseanimalsthathadmoredesirablecharacteristics.Forexample，peoplemayhavechosentokeephorsesthathadagentlepersonalitysotheycouldberiddenmoreeasily.Peoplewhousedhorsestopullheavyloadswouldhavechosentokeepstrongeranimals.Characteristicslikestrengtharepartlycontrolledbytheanimalsgenes.Soasthedomesticatedhorsesreproduced，theypassedthecharacteristicsontotheiryoung.Eachnewgenerationofhorseswouldshowmoreofthesechosencharacteristics.
Moderndayhorsebreedscomeinawidevarietyofshapesandsizes.Thisvarietydidntexistinthehorsepopulationbeforedomestication.TheShetlandhorseisoneofthesmallestbreeds－typicallyreachingonlyonemetertall.Withshort，stronglegs，theanimalswerebredtopullcoaloutofmineshafts(矿井)withlowceilings.HugehorsesliketheClydesdalecameonthescenearound1700.Peoplebredtheseheavy，tallhorsestopulllargevehiclesusedforcarryingheavyloads.
Thedomesticationofhorseshashadgreateffectsonsocieties.Forexample，horseswereimportanttoolsintheadvancementofmodernagriculture.Usingthemtopullploughsandcarryheavyloadsallowedpeopletofarmmoreefficiently.Beforetheywereabletoridehorses，humanshadtocrosslandonfoot.Ridinghorsesallowedpeopletotravelfargreaterdistancesinmuchlesstime.Thatencouragedpopulationslivingindifferentareastointeractwithoneanother.Thenewformofrapidtransportationhelpedculturesspreadaroundtheworld.
59.Beforedomesticationhorseswere.
A.caughtforsportsB.huntedforfood
C.madetopullploughsD.usedtocarrypeople
60.TheauthorusestheShetlandhorseasanexampletoshow.
A.itissmallerthantheClydesdalehorse
B.horsesusedtohavegentlepersonalities
C.somehorseshavebettershapesthanothers
D.horseswereoflessvarietybeforedomestication
61.Horsescontributedtothespreadofcultureby.
A.carryingheavyloads
B.changingfarmingmethods
C.servingasameansoftransport
D.advancingagricultureindifferentareas
62.Thepassageismainlyabout.
A.whyhumansdomesticatedhorses
B.howhumansandhorsesneededeachother
C.whyhorsescameindifferentshapesandsizes
D.howhumansocietiesandhorsesinfluencedeachother
【解析】细节判断题。由第一、二段可判断，人类先是猎马为食，然后喂养，最后才是根据人类需要进行驯化。
60.【答案】D
【解析】细节推断题。由第四段第二句Thisvarietydidntexistinthehorsepopulationbeforedomestication可推断出马被驯化前没有如此多的种群，再由作者所举的例子theshetlandhorse可看出马是根据人的需要从单一种群被驯化为多种种群的。
61.【答案】C
【解析】细节判断题。从最后一段Ridinghorsesallowedpeopletotravelfargreaterdistancesinmuchlesstime.和Thenewformofrapidtransportationhelpedculturesspreadaroundtheworld.可判断马在文化传播中所扮演的角色为交通工具。
62.【答案】D
3.写作
要求考生根据题示进行书面表达。考试应能：
(1)准确使用语法和词汇；
(2)使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思。
【导读】写作是四项语言技能中不可分割的一个重要部分，要求考生在给出的特定情境下按特定要求进行书面表达。近几年写作主题的选择有结合社会热点的趋势。所以考生备考时可阅读一些英语时文，背诵其中的优美句子等。
【试题举例】(2008年四川卷)
你校学生会准备办一期英语墙报，主题为：保护环境从我做起。请你根据下图所示写一篇英语短文。
注意：
1.词数100左右，开头语已为你写好；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
WhatCanIDoforOurEnvironment
Everyone_can_do_something_for_our_environment.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
OnePossibleVersion
Everyone_can_do_something_for_our_environment.Forme，Ishouldtrytosaveelectricityinmydailylife.Forexample，ifIamthelastpersontoleavetheclassroomintheevening，Iwillalwaysremembertoturnoffthelights.Inordertoprotectourforests，Iwillusepaperwisely.Ishouldtrytousebothsidesofpaperwheneveritispossible.Iwillnotusethingslikepapercupsanddisposablechopsticksbecausetheyaremadeofwood.Ibelievethatdoingallthesesmallthingswillimproveourenvironmentandhelpmakeourworldabetterplacetolivein.
Ⅲ.考试形式与试卷结构
1.答卷方式：闭卷、笔试。
3.题型：试卷一般可包括多项选择题、完形填空题、听力填空题、短文改错、书面表达等题型。
4.试题难易比例：试卷包括容易题、中等题和难题，以中等题为主。
Ⅳ.题型示例
一、多项选择题
(一)考查听力
M：Well,Iwonderwhytheofficeisstillnotopen.
W：Butitsnotyeteight.Infact,itsonlyaquartertoeight.
1.Atwhattimedoestheofficeopen
A.7：45.B.8：15.C.8：00.
M：ItsAlicesbirthdaytomorrow.
W：AreyousureIthinkitshouldbethedayaftertomorrow.
M：Well,letmesee.Oh,Imsorry.Youreright.Itisthedayaftertomorrow.Shallwebuyherapresent
W：Yes,ofcourse.Shallwegivehersomeflowers
M：Flowersarelovely.ButIthinkitsbettertobuyheraniceboxofchocolates.
W.Alicedoesntlikesweetthings.Didntyouknowthat
M：Youreright.Er...Iknow.Wecangiveherarecord.Shelovesmusic.
W：Thatsagoodidea.Letsgotothemusicshopandchooseoneforher.
2.WhenisAlicesbirthday
A.Thenextday.B.Thedayafternext.C.Thedaytheyhadthetalk.
3.WhatwillthemanandthewomanbuyforAlice
A.Arecord.B.Someflowers.C.Aboxofchocolates.
Goodafternoon,everybodyandwelcometothisclassonEnglishwords.Ihopethatallofyoucanhearme.Ifnot,pleaseletmeknow.IamProfessorJohnMorris.Illbeyourteacherforthenext13weeks.Asyoucanprobablytellthisisoneofthemostpopularandcrowdedclasses.Indeed,everytimethesecoursesareoffered,thisroomisveryfull.WhyisthatWell,inordertousetheEnglishlanguage,itsveryimportanttohaveatleastabasicunderstandingofhowwordsareformed.Justtomentiononefigure,andtherearemany.ThereareaboutonemillionwordsinEnglish.IfyouareanEnglishlearner,youmightwonderhowyoucanpossiblyrememberallofthesewords.Well,foronethingyoudonthaveto.NonativespeakerexistswhoknowsallofthewordsintheEnglishlanguage.Besidesthereareshortcuts.ShortcutsYes,forexample,ifyouknowhowwordsareformedbyusingpartsofwordsfromotherlanguages,suchasGreekandFrench,youllunderstandagoodnumberofEnglishwordswhenyoufirstcomeacrossthem.Letmeputitthisway,knowingtheruleswillhelpyoumasteralargenumberofwords.ThisisprobablytheNo.1reasonwhythisclassissopopular.
17.Wherecanyoumostprobablyhearthistalk
A.InaclassoftheEnglishlanguage.
B.InaclassoftheGreeklanguage.
C.InaclassoftheFrenchlanguage.
18.Howlongdoestheclasslast
A.11weeks.B.13weeks.C.15weeks.
19.Whatistheshortcuttolearningwordsaccordingtothespeaker
A.Takingmorecourses.
B.Readingbasicwordsaloud.
C.Learninghowwordsareformed.
20.Whyistheclasspopular
A.Itisnotofferedeachterm.
B.ItstaughtbyProfessorMorris.
C.Ithelpstomastersomeusefulrules.
17.A18.B19.C20.C
(二)考查语法和词汇知识
1.Pauldoesnthavetobemade________.Healwaysworkshard.
A.studyB.tostudyC.studiedD.studying
2.IfirstmetLisathreeyearsagowhenwe________ataradiostationtogether.
A.haveworkedB.hadbeenworking
C.wereworkingD.hadworked
3.ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,________，infact,Iwastalkingaboutmydaughter.
A.whomB.whereC.whichD.while
4.Whenshallwemeetagain
Makeit________dayyoulike;itsallthesametome.
A.oneB.anyC.anotherD.some
(1)时态、语态
1.(2008年全国卷Ⅰ)HaveyouknownDr.Jacksonforalongtime
Yes，sinceshe________theChineseSociety.
A.hasjoinedB.joins
C.hadjoinedD.joined
【答案】D
【解析】考查连词since从句的时态。若该主句为现在完成时，其since从句为一般过去时。解答此题关键是补出答语中的主句(Ihaveknownshe)省略了。
2.(2008年北京卷)Nodecisionaboutanyfutureappointmentuntilallthecandidateshavebeeninterviewed.
A.willbemadeB.ismade
C.isbeingmadeD.hasbeenmade
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词的时态语态。A项为将来时的被动形式。B项为现在时的被动结构；C项为现在进行时的被动结构；D项为现在完成时的被动结构。本题的关键是句子的后半句...untilallthe...，直到所有的候选者都面试完，可知decision将要被作出。
(2)情态动词
1.(2008年重庆卷)Icantfindmypurseanywhere.
You________havelostitwhileshopping.
A.mayB.canC.shouldD.would
【解析】考查情态动词表推测的用法。mayhavedone和canhavedone都可以用来对过去事实进行推测，表示可能已经，只不过表示此意义时，canhavedone只能用于疑问句中。而C项shouldhavedone表示本应该做而没有做；D项wouldhavedone表示想做却没有做。
2.Shelooksveryhappy.She________havepassedtheexam.
Iguessso.Itsnotdifficultafterall.
A.shouldB.couldC.mustD.might
【答案】C
【解析】根据上文Shelooksveryhappy.可知她肯定是考试通过了才会这样高兴。musthavedonesth.表示对过去肯定的推测，有一定的含义。
(3)非谓语动词
1.(2008年四川卷)Wehadananxiouscoupleofweeks________fortheresultsoftheexperiment.
A.waitB.tobewaiting
C.waitedD.waiting
【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。句意为：我们焦虑地度过了几周，等待着实验的结果。wait与主语是主动关系，故用waiting表伴随。
2.________thatshedidntdoagoodjob,IdontthinkIamablerthanher.
A.TohavesaidB.Havingsaid
C.TosayD.Saying
【答案】B
【解析】根据句子结构，前半部分是状语，意思是我虽然说过她没干好工作，但我并不认为自己比她能干。说她工作没干好的动作发生在认为之前，因此使用现在分词的完成时。
(4)定语从句
1.Byservingothers,apersonfocusesonsomeoneotherthanhimselforherself，________canbeveryeyeopeningandrewarding.
A.whoB.which
C.whatD.that
【解析】根据句型结构此处应为一个非限制性定语从句，且因引导词在定语从句中作主语并表示物，所以应该使用关系代词which。
2.Aftergraduationshereachedapointinhercareer________sheneededtodecidewhattodo.
A.thatB.what
C.whichD.where
【解析】根据句型结构这句是一个限制性定语从句，修饰point，引导词在这里表示处所或位置，在从句中作地点状语，因此应该使用关系副词where，意即在这一点上她意识到她该决定做什么了。
(5)状语从句
(2008年湖南卷)________theInternetisofgreathelp，Idontthinkitsagoodideatospendtoomuchtimeonit.
A.IfB.WhileC.BecauseD.As
【解析】考查连词。此处意思是尽管网络很有帮助，，选项中能表示让步的只有while，相当于although。其他选项都不能表示让步的意思。
(6)名词性从句
________parentssayanddohasalifelongeffectontheirchildren.
A.ThatB.WhichC.WhatD.As
【解析】根据句型结构可知本句是一个带主语从句的复合句，what在这里相当于thethingsthat，其他选项都不够完整或不合适。
(7)特殊句式
1.(2008年重庆卷)OnlywhenIleftmyparentsforItaly________howmuchIlovedthem.
A.IrealizedB.IhadrealizedC.hadIrealizedD.didIrealize
【解析】既考查倒装句又涉及动词时态的判断。若only置于句首后面紧跟状语，则主句应该用部分倒装，即一般疑问句语序，由此判断A、B项错误。C项动词使用过去完成时态，表示realize意识到这个动作先于left离开发生，不合题意，所以不正确。
2.Youshouldapologizetoher,Barry.
________，butitsnotgoingtobeeasy.
A.IsupposesoB.Ifeelso
C.IprefertoD.Iliketo
【解析】考查省略现象。根据上下文可知回答者是同意向她道歉，但又认为这不容易。应使用Isupposeso表示认可，使用so是一种省略，代替了一个句子。
3.It________wehadstayedtogetherforacoupleofweeks________Ifoundwehadalotincommon.
A.wasuntil;when
B.wasuntil;that
C.wasntuntil;when
D.wasntuntil;that
【解析】考查强调句型。这句意思是直到相处了几个星期后我们才知道我们有很多相似之处，这句是notuntil的强调句型，结构为：Itis/wasnotuntil...that。
(8)情景交际
1.Haveyoubeenwastingtimeoncomputergamesagain
________.IvebeenstudyingalotandIneedabreak.
A.NowayB.Notreally
C.IdontagreeD.Icouldntagreemore
2.(2008年江西卷)IthinkyoudbettertypethisletteragainbeforeMr.Smithseesit.
Oh，dear!
A.WhocaresB.Noproblem.
C.Idontmindatall.D.Isitasbadasthat
【解析】考查交际用语。前者说：我想你最好在Mr.Smith看见这封信之前把它重新打一遍。后者的答语前半段说：Oh,dear！(天哪！)，根据当时的情景，后面应该是说：Isitasbadasthat(有那么糟糕吗？)A.Whocares？谁在乎呢？B.Noproblem没问题；C.Idontmindatall我根本不在意。均不符合当时的语境。
(三)考查阅读理解
Wewalkedinsoquietlythatthenurseatthedeskdidntevenlifthereyesfromthebook.MumpointedatabigchairbythedoorandIknewshewantedmetositdown.WhileIwatched，mouthopeninsurprise，Mumtookoffherhatandcoatandgavethemtometohold.Shewalkedquietlytothesmallroombytheliftandtookoutawetmop(拖把).Shepushedthemoppastthedeskandasthenurselookedup，Mumnoddedandsaid，Verydirtyfloors.
Yes，Imgladtheyvefinallydecidedtocleanthem，thenurseanswered.ShelookedatMumstrangelyandsaid，Butarentyouworkinglate？
Mumjustpushedharder，eachswipe(拖)ofthemoptakingherfartherandfartherdownthehall.Iwatcheduntilshewasoutofsightandthenursehadturnedbacktowritinginthebigbook.
AfteralongtimeMumcameback.Hereyeswereshining.Shequicklyputthemopbackandtookmyhand.Asweturnedtogooutofthedoor，Mumnoddedpolitelytothenurseandsaid，Thankyou.
Outside，Mumtoldme，Dagmarisfine.Nofever.
Yousawher，Mum？
Ofcourse.Itoldheraboutthehospitalrules，andshewillnotexpectusuntiltomorrow.Dadwillstopworryingaswell.Itsafinehospital.Butsuchfloors！Amopisnogood.Youneedabrush.
1.Whenshetookamopfromthesmallroom，whatMumreallywantedtodowas__________.
A.tocleanthefloorB.topleasethenurse
C.toseeapatientD.tosurprisethestoryteller
2.WhenthenursetalkedtoMumshethoughtMumwasa__________.
A.nurseB.visitor
C.patientD.cleaner
3.Afterreadingthestorywhatcanweinferaboutthehospital
A.Itisachildrenshospital.
B.Ithasstrictrulesaboutvisitinghours.
C.Thenursesanddoctorstheredontworkhard.
D.Alotofpatientscometothishospitaleveryday.
4.WhydidMumgotoseeDagmarinthehospital
A.TogivehersomemessageaboutDad.
B.Tomakesureherroomwasclean.
C.Tocheckthatshewasstillthere.
D.Tofindouthowshewas.
5.WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribesMum
A.politeB.patient
C.changeableD.clever
【试题举例】(2008年陕西卷)
Thiswasnoordinaryclass.ThestudentswhocametogetherwereallscienceorengineeringprofessorsatCornellUniversity.Theyhadinterruptedtheirresearchtoacceptaninvitationtotakepartinanunusualexperiment:aninterestingweekofpoetry.Thisclasswaspartofastudytoanswerthequestions:WhyissciencedifficultformanynonsciencestudentsWhatcanteacherslearnaboutteachingiftheytakeaclassthatisnotintheirfield
Thestudentsinthepoetryclasslistenedtolecturesandtooknotes.Theyhadreadingtasksandhadtowritethreeshortpapers.Allstudentsnoticedonething－theimportanceofspokenwords.Inscienceandengineeringclasses,theinstructorsputtablesanddrawingsontheblackboard.Butinthispoetryclass,theinstructorsjusttalked.Theydidntwriteanythingontheboard.
Thescientistsandengineersnoticedonesimilaritybetweenscienceandpoetry.Inbothsubjects,studentsneedtofindlayers(层次)ofmeaning.Somelayersaresimple,clear,andonthesurface;otherlayersaredeeperandmoredifficult.Thissearchfordifferentlevelsofmeaningdoesnthappenmuchinundergraduate(本科)scienceclasses,butitisimportantlater,ingraduateschool.Anditisalwaysimportantinhumanities(人文学科).
Boththepoetryinstructorsandtheirstudentslearnedsomethingaboutteachingfromthisexperience.Onepoetryinstructor,forexample,nowseestheimportanceofusingcareful,cleardefinitions(定义)whenheexplainsapoem.Healsoplanstobemoreinformativeasheteaches.Mostofthescientistsagreedonseveralpoints.First,humanitiesclassesmighthelpsciencestudentstoseepatternsanddecidewhichinformationisimportant.Second,thepoetryclasswasfun.Oneengineerdecided,Weneedtochangethewayweteachengineeringtomakeitanenjoyableexperienceforstudents.
Butperhapsthemostimportantresultoftheexperiencewasthis:Alloftheprofessorsbegantothinkabouthowtheyteachandhowtheycanteachbetter.
49.Whatdoweknowaboutthisunusualclass
A.Theteachersdidlotsofwritingontheboard.
B.Theteacherswereinvitedtoattendseverallectures.
C.Thestudentswereprofessorsfromauniversity.
D.Thestudentswerestudyingscienceandhumanities.
50.Theexperimentwasdesignedtofindout________.
A.howtoteachthestudentsinthescienceclass
B.whetherpoetryisdifficultforsciencestudents
C.whattobetaughtinthehumanitiesclass
D.whymanyhumanitiesstudentsfindsciencehard
51.Findinglevelsofmeaningis________.
A.importantforgraduatestudentsinhumanities
B.difficultforgraduatestudentsinhumanities
C.commonforundergraduatestudentsinscience
D.easyforundergraduatestudentsinscience
52.Whatdidthescienceprofessorslearnaftertheexperiment
A.Theyshouldchangethewaytheyteach.
B.Apoemcouldbeexplainedincleardefinitions.
C.Apoetryclasscouldbemoreinformative.
D.Theirteachingwasanenjoyableexperience.
49.【答案】C
50.【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。由第一自然段的后两句可知本题选D。
51.【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。由第三自然段的后两句可知本题选A。
52.【答案】A
二、完形填空题
Washoeisayoungchimpanzee(黑猩猩).Sheisno__1__chimpanzee,though.Scientistsaredoingaresearch__2__her.Theywanttoseehowcivilized(驯化)shecan__3__.Alreadyshedoesmanythingsahumanbeingcando.
Forexample,shehasbeenlearninghowtoexchange__4__withpeople.Thescientistsareteachingher__5__language.
Whenshewantstobepicked__6__，Washoepointsupwithonefinger.
Sherubsherteethwithherfinger__7__shewantstobrushherteeth.Thisisdoneaftereverymeal.
Washoehasalsobeen__8__tothinkoutandfindanswerstoproblems.Onceshewasputina__9__withfoodhangingfromtheceiling.Itwastoohighto__10__.
Aftersheconsideredthe__11__，shegotatallboxto__12__.
Thefoodwasstilltoohightobereached.Washoefounda__13__pole.
Thensheclimbedontothe__14__，grasped(抓取)thepole,and__15__downthefoodwiththepole.Washoe__16__likeahuman,too.Thescientistskeepherinfullyfurnishedhouse.Afterahard__17__inthelaboratory,shegoeshome.__18__sheplayswithhertoys.
She__19__enjoyswatchingtelevisionbeforegoingtobed.
Scientistshopeto__20__moreaboutpeoplebystudyingourclosestrelativechimpanzee.
1.A.foolishB.simpleC.specialD.ordinary
2.A.forB.onC.toD.by
3.A.experienceB.changeC.developD.become
4.A.actionsB.viewsC.messagesD.feelings
5.A.humanB.signC.spokenD.foreign
6.A.outB.atC.onD.up
7.A.whenB.untilC.sinceD.while
8.A.trainedB.raisedC.orderedD.led
9.A.holeB.zooC.roomD.museum
10.A.pullB.seeC.eatD.reach
11.A.problemB.positionC.foodD.ceiling
12.A.standbyB.standonC.standupD.standwith
13.A.straightB.strongC.longD.heavy
14.A.wallB.boxC.ceilingD.pole
15.A.knockedB.pickedC.tookD.pulled
16.A.livesB.worksC.thinksD.plays
17.A.taskB.lessonC.timeD.day
18.A.ButB.ThereC.SoD.Besides
19.A.quiteB.alreadyC.evenD.still
20.A.seeB.answerC.learnD.gain
【试题举例】(2008年上海卷)
Directions：ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA，B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.
Peoplethinkchildrenshouldplaysports.Sportsarefun,andchildrenkeephealthywhileplayingwithothers.However,playingsportscanhave__50__effectsonchildren.Itmayproducefeelingsofpoorselfrespectoraggressivebehaviorinsomechildren.Accordingtoresearchonkidsandsports,40000000kidsplaysportsintheUS.Ofthese,18000000saytheyhavebeen__51__atorcallednameswhileplayingsports.Thisleavesmanychildrenwithabad__52__ofsports.Theythinksportsarejusttooaggressive.
Manyresearchersbelieveadults,especiallyparentsandcoaches,arethemain__53__oftoomuchaggressioninchildrenssports.Theybelievechildren__54__aggressiveadultbehavior.Thisbehavioristhenfurtherstrengthenedthroughbothpositiveandnegativefeedback.Parentsandcoachesarepowerfulteachersbecausechildrenusuallylookuptothem.Oftentheseadultsbehaveaggressivelythemselves,sendingchildrenthemessagethat__55__iseverything.Manyparentsgotochildrenssportingeventsandshout__56__atotherplayersorcheerwhentheirchildbehaves__57__.Aswell,childrenareeventaughtthathurtingotherplayersis__58__orarepushedtocontinueplayingevenwhentheyareinjured.__59__，themediamakesviolenceseemexciting.Childrenwatchadultsportsgamesandseeviolentbehaviorreplayedoverandoverontelevision.
Asasociety,wereallyneedto__60__thisproblemanddosomethingaboutit.Parentsandcoaches__61__shouldactasbetterexamplesforchildren.Theyalsoneedtoteachchildrenbetter__62__.Theyshouldnotjustcheerwhenchildrenwinoractaggressively.Theyshouldteachchildrento__63__themselveswhethertheywinornot.Besides,childrenshouldnotbeallowedtocontinuetoplaywhentheyareinjured.Ifadultsallowchildrentoplaywheninjured，thisgivesthemessagethat__64__isnotasimportantaswinning.
50.A.restrictiveB.negativeC.activeD.instructive
51.A.knockedB.glancedC.smiledD.shouted
52.A.impressionB.conceptC.tasteD.expectation
53.A.resourceB.causeC.courseD.consequence
54.A.questionB.understandC.copyD.neglect
55.A.winningB.practisingC.funD.sport
56.A.praisesB.ordersC.remarksD.insults
57.A.proudlyB.ambitiouslyC.aggressivelyD.bravely
58.A.acceptableB.impoliteC.possibleD.accessible
59.A.BycontrastB.InadditionC.AsaresultD.Afterall
60.A.lookuptoB.faceuptoC.makeupforD.comeupwith
61.A.inparticularB.inallC.inreturnD.inadvance
62.A.techniquesB.meansC.valuesD.directions
63.A.respectB.relaxC.forgiveD.enjoy
64.A.bodyB.fameC.healthD.spirit
50.【答案】B
【解析】根据本句中的However可知表示的是意思的转折，由此可判断B项正确。
51.【答案】D
【解析】本句中的callednames表示谩骂可知D项正确。其余三项都与之不符。
【解析】上一句提到很多孩子在进行体育运动时经常被训斥甚至挨骂，由此可知他们对体育运动的印象不好。后三项分别表示概念品位期望，都不符合所给语境。
53.【答案】B
【解析】很多研究人员认为成年人，尤其是父母和教练，是儿童运动中存在大量侵略行为的主要根源。A项表示资源；C项表示过程；D项表示结果。
54.【答案】C
【解析】上一句提到孩子的行为是受大人的影响，由此可知他们是在模仿有侵略性的成年人的行为。其余选项都与上文不符。
55.【答案】A
【解析】根据上文中的内容可知成年人在向孩子传递获胜就是一切的信息。成年人之所以采用侵略性行为，目的就是为了获得胜利，由此可排除其余选项。
【解析】上文提到的是成年人的侵略性行为，由此可知他们侮辱其他孩子。B项表示命令，不符合常识；C项表示评价，与上文不符。
57.【答案】C
【解析】上文提到的是成年人在用自己的行为影响孩子，由此可判断此项正确。其余三项都是肯定意义，可排除。
58.【答案】A
【解析】孩子甚至被教导伤害其他运动员是可以接受的。C项是可能的，因此不恰当；D项表示可以进入的；能够接近的，语意均不恰当。
【解析】上文叙述的是成年人对孩子的不良影响，此处叙述的是媒体火上加油，由此可知表示递进关系。其余三项都与上文不符。
60.【答案】B
【解析】根据上文可知作者对上述行为表示反对，所以要面对这个问题并采取措施。A项表示尊敬；C项表示弥补；D项表示想出，都不符合所给语境。
61.【答案】A
【解析】上文叙述的是父母和教练的过错，所以他们尤其要为孩子树立良好的榜样。后三项分别表示总计作为回报提前。
62.【答案】C
【解析】上文提到他们在用自身的侵略行为影响孩子，而此处是奉劝他们加以改正，由此可知是教育孩子要有好的价值观。其余三项都与上文不吻合。
63.【答案】D
【解析】孩子们进行体育活动的目的只是为了高兴。前三项都不符合常识。
64.【答案】C
【解析】孩子们进行体育活动的主要目的是为了增进健康，如果成年人让孩子在受伤的情况下继续比赛，他们会认为健康没有赢得比赛重要。
附22009年与2008年考纲差异
【导读】2009年考试大纲与2008年相比内容基本一致，只是语法项目表部分增加了词类：名词、形容词、副词、动词、代词、冠词、数词、介词、连词、感叹词项目。
第三章知识大盘点
一、英语常用句型
1.否定句型
1)一般否定句
Idontknowthis.Nonewsisgoodnews.
Thereisnoperson(smoking)/notaperson/notanyperson(smoking)inthehouse.
2)特指否定
Shewenttohisoffice,nottoseehim.
Iamsorryfornotcomingontime.
Idontthink/believe/suppose/feel/imagineyouareright.
3)部分否定
Allisnotgoldthatglitters.
Idontknowallofthem.
Icantseeeverybody/everything.
Bothofthemarenotright.
4)全体否定
Noneofmyfriendssmoke.
Icanseenothing/nobody.
Neitherofthemisright.
Nothingcanbesosimpleasthis.
5)延续否定
Youdidntseehim,neither/nordidI.
Youdontknow,Idontknoweither.
HedoesntknowEnglish,letalone/tosaynothingof/nottospeakof(更不用说)French.
6)半否定句
Weseldom/hardly/scarcely/barelyhearsuchfinesinging.
IknowlittleEnglish.Isawfewpeople.
7)双重否定
Youcantmakesomethingoutofnothing.
Whatsdonecannotbeundone.
Thereisnosweetwithoutsweat.
Nogainwithoutpains.
Icanthelp/keep/laughingwheneverIhearit.
8)排除否定
Everyoneisreadyexceptyou.
Hedidnothingbutplay.
Butforyourhelp,Icouldnthavedoneit.
9)加强否定
Whateveryousay,Iwontdoitatall.
Icantseeitanymore,thoughIhavelookedforiteverywhere.
Heisnowaman.Heisnolongeraboy.
2.判断句型
1)一般判断句
ItisimportantforustolearnEnglish.
Itiskindofyoutohelpme.Sinceremeanshonest.
Theboyiscalled/namedTom.
Weregarded/consideritasanhonor.
2)强调判断
ItisEnglishthatweshouldlearn.
Itishewhohelpedmealot.
3)弱式判断
Yoursentencedoesntsound/look/appear/feelright.
Youlook/seemasif/asthoughyouhadbeentherebefore.
Maybe/Perhapssheisill.
Itispossiblethathehasntgraspedwhatyouhavesaid.
4)注释判断
HecanremembersomanyEnglishwords,thatis(tosay)heisalivingdictionary(活字典).
5)正反判断
Thatsoundsallright,butinfactitisonthecontrary/itisnot.
6)比较判断
Itismoreapicturethanapoem.
Heoryouarewrong.
EitherheisrightorIam.
3.祝愿祈使句式
1)一般句式
Studyhardandkeepfit.
2)强调句式
Dotellme.Itsnoneedtokeepitasecret.
Nevertellalie.Youshouldbeanhonestboy.
3)委婉祈使句
Pleasetellmethetruth.
Would/Will/Wontdomeafavor
Would/Doyoumindmysmoking
What/Howaboutgoingonfoot
4)建议祈使句
Letusgo.Letusknowthetime.
Letsnotwastethetime.
Youdbetterstartearly.
Shallwelistentosomemusic
Whydontyougetsomethingtodrink
Suppose/Supposingyoupickmeupataboutsix
Isuggestwe(should)takethetraininsteadofabus.
5)祝愿句
Successtoyou!
Wishyouagoodjourney.
Mayyouhaveahappymarriage
Allowmetoproposeatoasttoourfriendship!
4.数词句型
1)表数目
Itisexactlytenoclock/Itstenoclocksharp.
Itisfivemilesawayfromhere.
Heismorethan/over/atleast/notlessthan20.
Heisunder/atmost/nomorethan20.
2)表年月日
HewasbornonApril221994/in1994onthemorningofOct.1.
3)表年龄
Heis20yearsold/yearsofage.
Heisattheageof10.
Heisinhisteens/twenties/thirties/...
4)表倍数
Itisfourtimesthatoflastyears.
Thisisfourtimesasbig(again)asthatone.
Thisisfourtimesbiggerthanthatone.
Theincomeisdoublewhatitwas.
Theoutputofcoalwas200%greaterthanin1998.
5)表计量
Itis10meterslong/wide/high./10metersinlength/width/height.
Itcostsme100yuan.
Ispent10hoursfinishingit.
Ittookme10daystofinishit.
Itisworth100yuan.
5.关联指代句型
1)两项关联
Ihavetwobooks,oneisChinese;theotherEnglish.
Ihavefivebooks,oneisChinese;theothersEnglish.
Tosayisonething,but/andtodoisanother.
On(the)onehand,Iamyourteacher,andontheotherhand,Iamalsoyourfriend.
Someliketoplayfootball,othersarefondofbasketball.
2)先后顺序
First/Firstly,Iwishgoodhealth,second/secondlysuccessinyourstudy,third/thirdlygoodluckineverything.
Firststop,thenlook,finallycross.
Atfirst/Inthebeginningheworkshard.Later/Afterwardsheisnotsodiligent.
3)修饰限制
ThisisthesamebookasIlostyesterday.
ThisisthesamebookthatIlostyesterday.(同一本书)
Donttrustsuchamanasoverpraiseyou.
He/One/Those/Theywhoshouldcomefailedtoappear.
Aman/Aperson/Theone/Anyone/Peoplewhosawherlikedherverymuch.
Theday/time/momentwillcomewhenChinaisthestrongestintheworld.
4)两项连接
HecanspeaknotonlyEnglishbutalsoFrench.
Thebookisbothinterestingandinstructive.
Itisneithercoldnorhot.
Pleaseeithercomeinorgoout.
Theoldworkerhasexperienceandknowledgeaswell.
5)加和关系
Besidesliterature,wehavegrammarandwriting.
Apartfromoxygen,therearesomeothergasesintheair.
Inadditiontoif，therearemanyotherconjunctionsthatcanintroduceconditionalclauses.