(C)1)---You’redrinkingtoomuch.---Onlyathome.Noone___mebutyou.
A.isseeingB.hasseenC.seesD.saw
(D)2)I____ping-pongquitewell,butIhaven'thadtimetoplaysincethenewyear.
A.willplayB.haveplayedC.playedD.play
(C)3)He___fast;however,hehashadnochancetoswimfortwoyears.
A.isswimmingB.swamC.swimsD.hasswum
(C)4)IboughtaPersiancatyesterday,whileI___tokeepapetdog.
A.preferredB.hadpreferredC.preferD.willprefer
(D)5)---DoyouknowifJackwillgoshoppingthisafternoon
---JackNever!He____noiseandbadair.
A.hatedB.willhateC.hashatedD.hates
(D)6)Accordingtotheliteraryreview,Shakespeare___hischaracterslive(鲜活的)throughtheir
languageinhisplays.(09福建)A.willmakeB.hadmadeC.wasmakingD.makes
注意:
句是祈使句时，其动作还没有发生，因此也看成将来的动作。
1)(B)Itwillnotbetoolongbeforetheproject___.
A.willbefinishedB.isfinishedC.finishesD.hasfinished
2)(A)Asfearsofaglobalpandemic_____,Chinaissteppingupeffortstokeepwatchand
improveresponsestoanimalandhumaninfectionsofbirdflu.
A.riseB.willriseC.hadrisenD.willhaverisen
3)(C)—Doyouhaveanyproblemsifyou______thisjob(08湖南)
—Well,I’mthinkingaboutthesalary….
A.offerB.willofferC.areofferedD.willbeoffered
4)Evenifitrains(rain)tomorrow,thesportsmeetwilltake(take)placeontime.
5)(D)Sendmyregardstoyourlovelywifewhenyou_____home.(2006上海)
A.wroteB.willwriteC.havewrittenD.write
6)(C)AsyourspokenEnglishimproves,______yourwrittenEnglish.
A.sodoesB.thuswillC.sowillD.doesso
但will表示“意愿”时,是情态动词,可用于条件状语从句中。
7)Ifyouwillwaitafewminutes,I'lltellthemanager.
如果你肯(愿意)等几分钟，那我就去通知经理。
8)(B)Ifyou___quiet,I'lltellyouwhat___tohim.
A.are,happenedB.willbe,hashappened
C.aretobe,hashappenedD.be,washappening
如果if引导的是宾语从句，意为"是否"时，那么将要发生的动作就要用一般将来时。
9)(D)Ithinkitisnecessaryformy19-year-oldsontohavehisownmobilephone,forI
sometimeswanttomakesureifhe____homefordinner.
A.comeB.comesC.hascomeD.willcome
10)(A)Iwonderifhe____us,butifhe____,we’llbeabletocompletetheworkaheadoftime.
A.willhelp,doesB.helps,willC.helps,doesD.willhelp,helps
2.表示去向或起止性的动词(come,go,leave,arrive,start,takeoff,getoff,begin,stop,open,
1)Thefirstclassbegins(begin)ateight.IamafraidIwillbe(be)lateforit.
2)(A)Thetrain_____forthecityatten,soyouhaveenoughtimetomakepreparations.
A.leavesB.isleavingC.istoleaveD.isgoingtoleave
3)Tomorrowis(be)Wednesday.明天是星期三.
(二)一般过去时
1)Igraduated(graduate)fromschoollastyear.
2)Ioftengot(get)upearlyandtook(take)exerciseinthosedays.
3)WhenIwas(be)achild,Ilearned(learn)toplaythepiano.
4)(B)Iwasoutoftownatthetime,soIdon’tknowexactlyhowit______.
A.washappeningB.happenedC.happensD.hashappened
5)(A)I___younottomovemydictionary---nowIcan’tfindit.
A.askedB.askC.wasaskingD.hadasked
注意：
包括一般过去时代替过去将来时，即从句中不用would或should。
1)Hesaidthatifwegave(give)himmoretime,hewoulddoitbetter.
2)IknewIcouldnotfinishthehomeworkbeforehecame(come).
3)IpromisedthatIwoulddoasmyteachersaid(say).
2.表示“原以为，原估计，刚才没有…”的意思的时候，要用一般过去时。不用一般现在时，
因为只是刚才这样，现在(说话的时候)已经知道了。更不能用现在完成时，因为“不知道”
的动作已经结束，不延续到现在，现在已经知道了.
1)---Youhavebeenallowedtogoout.Whyareyoustillstandinghere
---Sorry,Ididn'trealize(notrealize)youwantedmetogoatonce.
2)(D)Hello,I___you____inLondon.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere
A.don’tknow,wereB.hadn’tknown,are
C.haven’tknown,areD.didn’tknow,were
3)(A)---YourphonenumberagainI______quitecatchit.---It’s9568442.
A.didn’tB.couldn’tC.don’tD.can’t
4)(D)—Youhaven'tsaidawordaboutmynewcoat,Brenda.Doyoulikeit(2002)
—I'msorryI________anythingaboutitsooner.Icertainlythinkit'sprettyonyou.
A.wasn'tsayingB.don'tsayC.won'tsayD.didn'tsay
5)(C)---HaveyouseenthefilmabouttheIraqiWar---No,Ihaven't,andnever___ofit.
A.hadIheardB.IhaveheardC.haveIheardD.didIhear
(B)1)He_____footballregularlyformanyyearswhenhewasyoung.（2008天津卷）
A.wasplayingB.playedC.hasplayedD.hadplayed
(A)2)Mr.Chenisteachinggeographyinourschool,butbelieveitornot,he___inthearmyforthreeyears.A.servedB.hasservedC.hadservedD.hadbeenserving
(B)3)---Wherehaveyoubeenrecently---I__inHangzhouonbusinessforaweeklastmonth.
A.havebeenB.wasC.hadbeenD.hadgone
(三)一般将来时
一般将来时的表达形式:
1.will/shalldo除了表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，也可强调意愿。(shall仅用于第一
人称，即I,we作主语时，will用于所有人称)。
1)Wewon'tbefreethisafternoon.今天下午我们将没空。
2)Iftimepermits(permit),weshall/willvisit(visit)thePalace.
3)(C)--Didyouknowmoreaboutthemineaccident
--Oh,sorry,1hadnoidea.I______theRescueCenternow.
A.willbephoningB.amtophoneC.willphoneD.phone
4)(C)---DidyoutellJuliaaboutmyparty---Oh,no,Iforgot.I___hernow.
A.willbecallingB.amtocallC.willcallD.amgoingtocall
2.begoingtodo表示打算、计划或安排要作的事情;也可表示有迹象表明要发生的事情。
1)I’mgoingtoflytoShanghaitomorrow.
2)Becareful!Thebicycleisgoingtofalldown.
3)(D)---Lookattheblackclouds.It_____soon.---Sure.Ifonlywehadn’tstartedout.
A.israiningB.istorainC.willrainD.isgoingtorain
3.be+todo表计划或安排要发生的动作。
1)Thelineistobeopened(open)totrafficattheendofthisyear.这条线路将在今年年底通车
2)Wherearewetostaytonight今晚我们要住哪里呢？
1)Thetrainisabouttoleave.火车马上就要出站了。
2)Autumnharvestisabouttostart.秋收马上就要开始了。
5.表去向或起止性的动词(come;go;leave;arrive,start,takeoff,getoff,begin,stop,open,
close,end)或某些表延续性动作的动词(stay,wait)的进行时,即bedoing，强调在近期按规
定、计划或安排要发生的事情。
1)Areyoustaying(stay)heretillnextweek
2)I’mstarving(starve)!Arewegoingtoeatprettysoon
3)(B)Ladiesandgentlemen,pleasefastenyourseatbelts.Theplane___.
A.takesoffB.istakingoffC.hastakenoffD.tookoff
4)(A)---Doyouthinkweshouldacceptthatoffer(08江西)
---Yes,weshould,forwe___suchbadluckuptillnow,andtime__out.
A.havehad;isrunningB.had;isrunning
C.have;hasbeenrunD.havehad;hasbeenrun
5)(A)TheCollegeEntranceExamination___near,soyoushouldbepreparedforit.
A.isdrawingB.drawsC.drewD.hasdrawn
6.表示去向或起止性的动词(come,go,leave,arrive,start,takeoff,getoff,begin,stop,open,
见一般现在时
(四)过去将来时
基本概念:从过去某一时刻看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态，通常用于主句谓语动词为过去时的宾语从句中。构成：把一般将来时中的助动词will改为would,shall改成should+动词原形。一般将来时所用的各种表达方式，在过去将来时里，照样使用，只不过动词或助动词都用过去时。
1)a.JennysaidshewouldhaveasleepoverSaturdaythenextweek.
b.(B)Wewereallsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthathe_____officesoon.
A.leavesB.wouldleaveC.leftD.hadleft
c.(A)Wehadtobepatientbecauseit____sometimebeforewegotthefullresult.
A.wouldbeB.wasC.hasbeenD.hadbeen
2)Ineverthoughtyouweregoingtosendmeacard.
3)a.ThemanagersaidtheyweretohaveameetingthenextMonday.
b.(A)Inaroomabovethestore,whereaparty____,someworkerswerebusilysettingthetable.
A.wastobeheldB.hasbeenheldC.willbeheldD.isbeingheld
4)Wewereabouttoleavewhenitbegantorain.我们正要出发，就在这时开始下雨了。
5)a.HesaidhewasleavingforHongkongthefollowingday.
b.Hewasjustfallingasleepwhentherewasaloudknockatthedoor.
他刚要入睡，就在这时突然有人敲门。
c.(B)Whatashame!Whenwegottothecinema,themovie____,sowesawonlytheendofit.
A.hadjustfinishedB.wasfinishingC.wouldfinishD.justfinished
6)Iwastoldthatthetrainstartedat10:00.
was/weregoingtodo也可表示过去打算要做而未做的动作。而woulddo只表示过去打算做，没有未做成的意思。
1)(C)---Alice,whydidn’tyoucomeyesterday---I____,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.
A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.did
2)(C)---Tom,youdidn’tcometothepartylastnight(07全国II)
---I____,butIsuddenlyrememberedIhadhomeworktodo.
A.hadtoB.didn’tC.wasgoingtoD.wouldn’t
(五)现在进行时
(C)1)Listentothetwogirlbythewindow.Whatlanguage___A.didtheyspeakB.weretheyspeakingC.aretheyspeakingD.havetheybeenspeaking
(D)2)SinceIwonthebigprize,mytelephonehasn’tstoppedringing.People___toaskhowIamgoingtospendthemoney.A.phoneB.willphoneC.werephoningD.arephoning
(B)3)Technology__sorapidlythathavingbeenusedforonlyayear,mycellphoneisout-of-date.
A.developsB.isdevelopingC.haschangedD.hasbeenchanging
1.现在进行时与always，forever，allthetime，constantly和continually等频度副词连用时，
表示经常、反复发生的动作，不强调动作的进行性，而是表达厌烦、愤怒、抱怨、责怪、
赞扬等情感。
1)Sheisalwaysgettingherselfintotrouble.她总是自寻烦恼。(表责备)
2)Heisalwaysworkinghard.他总是学习很用功。(表赞扬)
3)They'reforeverquarrellingaboutsomething.他们老是为某件事争吵。(表不满)
4)(C)You_____thingsabout.Look,whatamessinyourroom!
A.alwaysthrowB.havealwaysthrown
C.arealwaysthrowingD.havealwaysbeenthrowing
2.现在进行时和一般现在时的比较:现在进行时表暂时情况；一般现在时表永久情况。
1)a.I'mliving(live)withsomefriendsuntilIfindaflat.
b.Myparentslive(live)inLondon.Theyhavelivedtherealltheirlives.
2)a.---You'reworking(work)hardtoday---Yes,I'vegotalottodo.
b.Johnisn'tlazy.Heworks(work)veryhardmostofthetime.
3)(B)Mydaughter__inarestaurantforthesummer,butshedoesn'tlikeitverymuch.
A.workedB.isworkingC.wasworkingD.Works
4)(C)Idon’treallyworkhere.I____untilthenewsecretary_______.
A.justhelpout;comesB.havejusthelpedout;willcome
C.amjusthelpingout;comesD.willjusthelpout;hascome
3.表去向或起止性的动词(come;go;leave;arrive,start,takeoff,getoff,begin,stop,open,
定、计划或安排要发生的事情。见一般将来时
(六)过去进行时
1)Whatwereyoudoing(do)ateightlastnight
2)WhenIgothome,motherwascooking(cook).
3)(B)Thetelephone_____,butbythetimeIgotindoors,itstopped.
A.hadrungB.wasringingC.ringsD.hasrung
1.过去进行时的各种要求及用法完全同现在进行时，只不过am/isdoing改成wasdoing;are
doing改成weredoing.
1)Hewasforevercomplainingaboutsomething.他老是怨这怨那。(表不满的情感)
2)HeaskedwhenwewereleavingforShanghai.他问我们打算什么时候去上海。(表过去将来)
2.was/weredoing也可表示过去一直打算要做而未做成的动作。
1)(A)He____hopingtogetaticketforthe12GirlsBand’sconcert,buttheyhadallbeensold
out.A.wasB.isC.willD.were
2)---Ijustheardthattheticketsfortonight’sshowhavebeensoldout.
---Ohno!Iwaslooking(look)forwardtothat.
3)(A)---We’reinformedthattheWeifangInternationalKitefestivalstartsat7:00.
---Oh,Ididn’texpectitwassoearly!I___togooutfordinnerwithmyfriendsfirst.
A.wasplanningB.amplanningC.havebeenplanningD.haveplanned
3.一般过去时和过去进行时的区别：一般过去时常常用来表示过去的一个有结果的动作，意
一直在发生，无论哪一种情况都不强调动作的结果,意为"在做/一直在做"。
1)Iwrotealetteryesterday.昨晚我写了一封信。（信写完了）
2)Iwaswritingaletteryesterday.昨晚我在写信。（一直在写信，但不一定写完了）
3)(B)He______abookaboutChinalastyear,butIdon’tknowifhe______it.
A.wrote;hasfinishedB.waswriting;hasfinished
C.waswriting;hadfinishedD.wrote;willfinish
4)(A)---HasJackfinishedhishomeworkyet---Ihavenoidea;he___itthismorning.
A.wasdoingB.hadbeendoingC.hasdoneD.did
5)(D)Ifyouhadjoinedthechatroomtenminutesago,youwouldhaveknownwhatwe____
about.A.talkedB.havetalkedC.talkD.weretalking
6)(A)ThereportersaidthattheUFO____easttowestwhenhesawit.
A.wastravelingB.traveledC.hadbeentravelingD.wastotravel
(七)将来进行时
1)I'llbevisitingprofessorLiat2thisafternoon.今天下午两点我将拜访李教授。
2)Nexttwoweeks,15inspectionteamswillbeworkinginallthefactoriesinturn,aimingtoclear
awaythepossibilityofmorefires.
3)(B)Atthistimetomorrow,___overtheAtlantic.明天此时我们正在飞越大西洋的上空。
A.we’regoingtoflyB.we’llbeflyingC.we’llflyD.we’retofly
4)(C)---Iwillattendyourlectureat10:00tomorrow.
---Iamsorry,bythenmylecturewillhaveendedandI_____myguestsinmyoffice.
A.isbeingmetB.willmeetC.willbemeetingD.willhavemet
5)(C)Thestreetlights___onwhennightfalls.
A.willhavegoneB.willhavebeengoingC.willbegoingD.willbegone
6)(A)Afterclaimingyourbaggage,youcanproceedto(=goto)theArrivalsHall,whereI______rightnexttothenewspaperstand.
A.willbestandingB.willhavestoodC.amstandingD.amtostand
(八)现在完成时
基本概念:现在完成时由have/has+done构成，其用法如下：
语连用，如ever(曾经),before,lately/recently(最近),just(刚刚),already,yet,twice(两次)等。
1)Ihavemethimbefore.我以前见过他。
2)Hehasalreadypostedthephotos.他已经把照片寄出去了。
3)Wehavejustfinishedourwork.我们刚刚完成工作。
4)ThisisthebestfilmI'veeverseen.这是我所看过的最好的一部电影。
5)Thisisthemostinterestingnovelhehaseverwritten.这是他写得最好的一部小说。
6)(C)Thecoffeeiswonderful!Itdoesn’ttastelikeanythingI____before.
A.washavingB.haveC.haveeverhadD.hadeverhad
7)(A)---Iwenttothesupermarketyesterday,butIdidn'tseeyouthere.
---I____doingtheoldbusiness---ayearago.
A.havestoppedB.stopC.hadstoppedD.amstopping
8)(C)---Doyouknowthetown---Yes.ThisisthemostpeacefulplaceI_____.
A.seeB.sawC.haveseenD.hadseen
2.表示从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在，也许还会继续下去的动作或状态，此时常与表
years,this(whole)week等。
1)GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinainthepasttenyears.
2)---Howlonghasthefilmbeenon---Ithasbeenonforhalfanhour.
3)Ihavelivedhere(ever)sinceIwasachild.
4)(D)Myfriend,who____ontheInternationalOlympicCommitteeallhislife,isretiringnext
month.(2006浙江)A.servedB.isservingC.hadservedD.hasserved
5)(B)Helefthisnativevillagetwentyyearsagoandhas___returnedonlytwice.
A.lateB.sinceC.neverD.hardly
6)(B)Hissisterlefthomein1998,andsince.(09宁夏海南)
A.hadnotbeenheardofB.hasnotbeenheardof
C.hadnotheardofD.hasnotheardof
成时表一般将来时。
1)IfyouhavefinishedreadingthemagazinebeforeIleave,pleasegiveitbacktome.
2)Onceyouhavelearnedit,youwillneverforgetit.
3)Don’tgetoffthebusuntilithasstopped.
4)(C)Youwon'tknowhowathingtastesuntilyou___it.
A.areeatingB.willeatC.haveeatenD.hadeaten
与一般过去时一样，现在完成时所表示的动作也是发生在过去，但它强调的是：1)过去的
动作对现状有某种影响；2)动作从过去持续到说话这一时刻。说话人强调的是现在如何。
1)a.Ihaveseen(see)thefilmbefore.(强调现在已了解电影的内容)
b.Isaw(see)thefilmlastweek.(只说上个星期看过这部电影，不强调与现在是否有关)
2)a.Thankyou.I’vehad(have)mylunch.
b.Ihad(have)lunchat12:00.
3)a.Hehasbeen(be)asoldierforthreeyears.他已当了三年兵（现在还在当兵）
b.Hewas(be)asoldierforthreeyears.他曾当过三年兵(现在退伍了)
4)a.MikelivesinLondon.Hehaslived(live)thereforsevenyears.
b.Mikelived(live)inScotlandforsevenyears.NowhelivesinLondon.
5)a.Shehasworked(work)heresince1972.
b.Sheworked(work)herein1972.
6)(C)---I’msorry.I’mafraidIcan’tgotothepartywithyou.---Butyou_____!
A.hadalreadypromisedB.havealreadypromisedC.promisedD.promise
7)(C)Wehaven’theardfromJaneforalongtime.Whatdoyousuppose_______toher
A.washappeningB.happensC.hashappenedD.happened
8)(B)---WheretherecorderIcan'tseeitanywhere.
---Iitrighthere.Butnowit'sgone.
A.didyouput,haveputB.haveyouput,put
C.hadyouput,wasputtingD.wereyouputting,haveput
9)(A)I___Englishforfiveyearsintheuniversity,whichisagreathelptomypresentjobinaforeigncompany.
A.learnedB.hadlearnedC.havelearnedD.havebeenlearning
10)(A)Iftheweatherhadbeenbetter,wecouldhavehadapicnic.Butit____allday.
(08全国2)A.rainedB.rainsC.hasrainedD.israining
(九)过去完成时
基本概念:过去完成时由“had+done”构成。其用法如下：
before,when等介词短语或从句来表示，还可以通过上下文来表示截止的过去的某一时刻。
1)MarxhadlearnedsomeEnglishbeforehegottoEngland.
2)BythefirstcenturythemakingofpaperinsomepartsofChinahadbecomecommon.
3)WhenIgottothecinema,thefilmhadbeenonforfiveminutes.
4)(C)Helen_____herkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband_____home.
A.hasleft,comesB.left,hadcomeC.hadleft,cameD.hadleft,wouldcome
2.表示由过去某一时刻起，一直延续到过去另一时刻的动作或状态，常和for,since构成的时
间状语连用。
1)Itrained(rain)yesterdayafterithadbeen(be)dryforalmostayear.
2)(B)Hiseyesshonebrightlywhenhefinallyreceivedthemagazinehe____.
A.hadlongbeenexpectedB.hadlongexpected
C.haslongexpectedD.waslongexpected
3)(B)---Howdeliciousthewinetasted!---It____undergroundforovertwentyyears.
A.wasstoredB.hadbeenstoredC.wasstoringD.hasbeenstored
4)(D)---Howlong____eachotherbeforethey____married---Foraboutayear.
A.havetheyknown,getB.didtheyknow,weregoingtoget
C.dotheyknow,aregoingtogetD.hadtheyknown,got
5)(B)We___intherestaurantyesterdayuntilwe____foranhour.
A.didn'tserve,havewaitedB.weren'tserved,hadwaited
C.didn'tserve,hadwaitedD.weren't,served,havewaited
1.过去完成时用于表示“刚一.....就....”的句子：nosooner...than...；hardly...when...；
scarcely...when...中,主句用过去完成时,than/when后的从句用一般过去时。
1)Nosoonerhadtheygottothetopofthemountainthanthesunrose.
他们刚一到达山顶，太阳就升起来了
2)Hardlyhadweenteredtheschoolwhenthebellrang.我们刚一进学校，铃就响了
3)Scarcelyhadshefallenasleepwhenaknockatthewindowawakedher.
她刚一入睡，敲门声就把她弄醒了
4)Ihadhardlyfinishedmyworkwhenhecametoseeme.我刚一完成工作，他就来看我了
2.现在完成时和过去完成时用于下面句型中。
It/Thisisthefirst/thesecond/thelasttimethat...have/hasdone...
It/Thatwasthefirst/thesecond/thelasttimethat...haddone...
1)It/ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavelefthome.这是我第一次离开家。
2)It/ThatwasthefirsttimethatIhadlefthome.那是我第一次离开家。
3)(D)ApandabornonAugust23,2008wasnamedJiaxing,whichwasthefirsttimeapanda____afteracity.
A.hadnamedB.isnamedC.hasbeennamedD.hadbeennamed
等的过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望/打算/计划，译为“本….而实际未”。
1)Wehadhopedtocatchthe9:30train,butfounditwasgone.
2)Theyhadmeanttobuildabridgeovertheriverbeforetherainseason,butasithadmuchrain
thisyear,theydidn’tmanageto.
3)(A)---We____thatyouwouldfixtheTVsetthisweek.
---I’msorry.I_____tofixitthisweek,butI’vebeentoobusy.
A.hadexpected,hadintendedB.areexpecting,hadintended
C.expect,intendD.expected,intend
4)(A)ThoughI___togoabroad,Ichangedmymindanddecidedtostaywithmyfamily.
A.hadwantedB.wantedC.wouldwantD.havewanted
(十)将来完成时
基本概念:将来完成时由“will/shall+havedone”构成。其用法如下：
1)Bytheendofthismonththeywillhavebuiltthefactory.
2)Wewillhavefinishedtheworkbeforeshearrivestonight.
3)(A)---Couldyoumeetmeattheairport
---I’dliketo,butI______Shanghaiwhenyoureturn.
A.willhaveleftB.wasleavingC.willleaveD.haveleft
1)Iwillhavebeenateacherfor20yearsbytheendofnextyear.
2)Whentheymoveherenextmonth,we'llhavelivedinthecityfor5years.
下月他们搬到这里时，我们已住在该市五年了。
3)(B)---IsTomstillsmoking
---No.BynextSaturdayhe_____forawholemonthwithoutsmokingasinglecigarette.
A.willgoB.willhavegoneC.havegoneD.hasbeengoing
(十一)现在完成进行时
基本概念:现在完成进行时由"have/has+been+doing"构成，其用法如下：
1.表示从过去某一时刻开始到现在，一直在进行的动作，可能刚刚终止，也可能继续下去，
强调动作的延续性；
1)Mum,I’vebeenstudyingEnglishsince8o’clock.Can’tIgooutandplaywithTomfora
while
2)Sheshouldhavepaidmorevisitstoherparents.Shehasbeenregrettingnotdoingsosince
theypassedaway.
2.表示重复(只断断续续，而非一直不停)。
1)We'vebeendiscussingthematterseveraltimesthisyear.我们今年已数次讨论那件事。
2)Ihavebeensayinggoodbyetosomefriendstoday.我今天同好几个朋友告了别。
3)We’vebeenhavingourmealsatthehotelallthetime.Howaboutgoingoutfordinner
tonight
4)You'vebeensayingyoucansucceedforfiveyears.五年来你一直在说你能成功。
注意:现在完成进行时与现在完成时区别：
1.少数动词(work,study,live,teach等)用现在完成时和现在完成进行时,无大的区别：
1)Theyhavelived/havebeenlivingherealltheirlives.
2)Ihavetaught/havebeenteachingherefortenyears.
事情对现在造成的影响，意为“已经做了”；而现在完成进行时则强调动作的延续性(即动
作一直在进行而且还将继续进行下去),并无对事情总结的含义,意为“一直在做”,一般不
1)Ihavebeenwaiting(wait)forhisreplyformorethanthreemonths(动作延续性)，butI
haven'theard(nothear)fromhimyet(结果).
2)Hehasbeenwriting(write)astorysincelastnight.(还在写,强调动作的延续性)
3)Hehasalreadycompleted(complete)hisstory.(已完成,强调结果)
4)Myshoeshavebeenpressing(press)againstmyfoot.我的鞋一直挤脚。
5)(C)---Hi,Tracy,youlooktired.---Iamtired.I___thelivingroomallday.
A.paintedB.hadpaintedC.havebeenpaintingD.havepainted
6)(C)He___since10o'clock.You'dbetterwakehimup.
A.hassleptB.hadsleptC.hasbeensleepingD.hasbeenslept
7)(C)---Didhesaythathewouldattendtheconcerttonight
---No,buthe_____foranimportantcompetition.
A.preparedB.waspreparingC.hasbeenpreparingD.hasprepared
3.但是在否定结构中一般用现在完成时。
1)IhavebeenwritingthestorysincelastSunday.
2)Ihaven'twrittenanystorysincelastSunday.
(十二)过去完成进行时
1)Hetoldmethathehadbeenwaitingformefortwohours.
他对我说他等了我两个小时。(动作不再延续)
2)Thebabyhadbeencryingfor15minuteswhenhermothercamein.
妈妈进来时，婴儿一直哭了十五分钟。(动作可能还在进行)
3)Youhadbeengivingmeeverything.你对我真是有求必应。(表感激)
4)(A)They____ontheprogramforalmostoneweekbeforeIjoinedthem,andnowwe____onitasnogoodresultshavecomeoutsofar.(05江苏)
A.hadbeenworking;arestillworkingB.hadworked;werestillworking
C.havebeenworking;haveworkedD.haveworked;arestillworking
5)(D)Mygrandmotherwasskepticalabouteducationforoldpeopleatfirst,butlatersheadmitted
thatjoiningtheeveningclass___herqualityoflife.
A.wasbeingimprovedB.hadbeenimproving
C.hadbeenimprovedD.hadimproved
6)(B)IforitfordayswhenIfounditinthewardrobe.
A.havebeenlookedB.hadbeenlookingC.lookedD.havelooked
被动语态
在英语中，语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语的关系。英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态(activevoice)表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态（passivevoice）表示主语是动作的承受者。
I被动语态的构成
被动语态由“be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。不及物动词不能带宾语，没有被动语态。英语主动语态有16个时态；被动语态常用的有8个，以give为例说明如下：
动词形式
一般现在时
Am/is/aregiven
一般过去时
Was/weregiven
一般将来时
Shall/willbegiven
现在进行时
Am/is/arebeinggiven
过去进行时
Was/werebeinggiven
过去将来时
Should/wouldbegiven
现在完成时
Has/havebeengiven
过去完成时
Hadbeengiven
①Thewatch________unnoticedforseveraldaysbeforeIfoundit.
A.hadlaidB.hadlainC.hadbeenlayingD.hadbeenlaid
②---Youjob________openforyourreturn.
---Thanks.
A.willbekeptB.willkeepC.hadkeptD.hadbeenkept
③Thewater_______coolwhenIjumpedintothepoolformorningexercise.(NMET2006)
A.wasfeltB.isfeltC.feltD.feels
④He_--_____asanationalheroforwinningthefirstgoldmetalforhiscountryintheOlympics.（重庆卷）
A.regardedB.wasregardedC.hasregardedD.hadbeenregarded
II被动语态的用法
1、不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者用被动语态。例如：
IfeltalittlienervouswhenIwasbeinginterviewed.我接受面试的时候，有点紧张。
2、说话或发表意见时，为了显得客观公正，也常用被动语态
He’ssaid/believed/reportedtobeintheU.S.A.据说/据信/据报道他在美国。
还有下列常用句型（that后面跟句子）：
Itissaidthat…….据说
Itisreportedthat…….据报道
Itishopedthat…….希望
Itisbelievedthat…….人们相信
Itisannouncedthat…….据宣布
itis(well)knownthat…….众所周知
Ithasbeendecidedthat…….已经决定
Itissupposedthat…….人们认为
Itissuggestedthat…….有人建议
Itmustberememberedthat…….务必记住
Itistakenforgrantedthat…….被视为当然
⑤Astheyearspassed,manyoccasions—birthdays,awards,graduations—________withDad’sflowers.
A.aremarkedB.weremarkedC.havemarkedD.hadmarked
⑥Hewillstopshowingoff,ifnonotice______ofhim.
A.istakenB.willbetakenC.takesD.hastaken
⑦–What’sthatnoise
–Oh,Iforgottotellyou.Thenewmachine______.（浙江卷）
A.wastestedB.willbetestedC.isbeingtestedD.hasbeentested
⑧Nodecisionaboutanyfutureappointmentuntilallthecandidateshavebeeninterviewed.（北京卷）
A.willbemadeB.ismadeC.isbeingmadeD.hasbeenmade
III.含有情态动词的被动语态
句中含有情态动词时，其被动语态的结构是：情态动词+be+过去分词：
IV.主动表被动
1.有些动词如act,break,catch,cut,clean,drive,draw,let,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash,wear等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语的特性或特征时，其主动形式常用来表达被动含义。
Themachinerunswell.这台机器容易操作。
Mypenwritessmoothly.我的钢笔好使。
Theclothwasheseasily.这种料子容易洗。
注意：主动表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。
Thedoorwon’tlock.门锁不上。（指门本身有毛病）
Thedoorwon’tbelocked.门不会被锁上。（指不会有人来锁门）
2.某些动词不定式的主动形式表被动含义
(1)当nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等形容词后跟不定式作状语，而句子的主语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动含义。Japaneseisnotdifficulttolearn.
(2)当动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系，但动词不定式的逻辑主语为句子的主语时，不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
Ihavealotofworktodotoday.
比较:Ihavesomeclothestobewashed.
(3)在therebe...句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动或被动式，其含义没有什么区别。Thereisalotofhomeworktodo(tobedone).
3.在need,want,require后面，主动的-ing形式表达被动的意思：
Mywatchneedscleaning.(=…needstobecleaned)我的表需要清洗。
Yourgardenneedswatering.(=…tobewatered)你的花园需要浇水。
Doesyoursuitrequirepressing,sir先生，您的衣服要烫吗？
Thecarwantsservicing.这汽车要检修。
⑨Don’tgetthatinkonyourshirt,forit_________.
A.won’twashoutB.won’tbewashedout
C.isn’twashedoutD.doesn’twashaway
⑩IwanttobuythatkindofclothbecauseI______thecloth______well.
A.havetold;washesB.havebeentold;washes
C.wastold;washedD.havebeentold;iswashed
2010年高考动词时态和语态题汇编
1.Everyfewyears,thecoalworkers______theirlungsX-rayedtoensuretheirhealth.（10上海）
A.arehavingB.haveC.havehadD.hadhad
2.Thechurchtowerwhich______willbeopentotouristssoon.Theworkisalmostfinished.
A.hasrestoredB.hasbeenrestoredC.isrestoringD.isbeingrestored
3.EveryyearafloodoffarmersarriveinShenzhenforthemoney-makingjobsthey_______beforeleavingtheirhometowns.（10福建）
A.promisedB.werepromisedC.havepromisedD.havebeenpromised
4.---Guesswhat,we’vegotourvisasforashort-termvisittotheUKthissummer.
---Hownice!You_______adifferentculturethen.
A.willbeexperiencingB.haveexperienced
C.havebeenexperiencingD.willhaveexperienced
5.----Wereyousurprisedbytheendingofthefilm
----No,I_______thebook,soIalreadyknewthestory（10安徽）
A.wasreadingB.hadreadC.amreadingD.haveread
6.---We’vespenttoomuchmoneyrecently.
---Well,itisn’tsurprising.Ourfriendandrelatives_______aroundallthetime
A.arecomingB.hadcomeC.werecomingD.havebeencoming
7.Thiscoastalarea_______anationalwildlifereservelastyear.（10湖南）
A.wasnamedB.namedC.isnamedD.names
8.Iwasjustgoingtocutmyrosebushesbutsomeone_______it.Wasityou
A.hasdoneB.haddoneC.woulddoD.willdo
9.Iwalkedslowlythroughthemarket,wherepeople_____allkindsoffruitsandvegetables.IstudiedthepricescarefullyandboughtwhatIneeded.
A.sellB.weresellingC.hadsoldD.havesold
10.I'mtiredout..I______allafternoonandIdon'tseemtohavefinishedanything.
A.shoppedB.haveshoppedC.hadshoppedD.havebeenshopping
11.Motherwantedtobeagoodprovider,aroleshe_____sincehermarriagetoFather.（10江西）
AshouldersBshoulderedCisshoulderingDhasbeenshouldering
12.Thelivingroomiscleanandtidy,withadiningtablealready______foramealtobecooked.
A.laidB.layingC.tolayD.beinglaid（10山东）
13.Uptonow,theprogram________thousandsofchildrenwhowouldotherwisehavedied.
A.wouldsaveB.savesC.hadsavedD.hassaved
14.We_______onthisprojectforfourhours.Let’shavearest.（10天津）
A.areworkingB.havebeenworkingC.workedD.hadworked
15.TraditionalfolkartsofTianjinlikepapercutting______atthecultureshowofthe2010ShanghaiWorldExpo.
A.areexhibitingB.isexhibitingC.arebeingexhibitedD.isbeingexhibited
16．一Whenshallwerestartourbusiness
一Notuntilwe_____ourplan．
A．willfinishB．arefinishingC．aretofinishD．havefinished
17．You’vefailedtodowhatyou________toandI’mafraidtheteacherwillblameyou．
A．willexpectB．willbeexpectedC．expectedD．wereexpected
18.—HaveyoufinishedreadingJaneEyre
—No,I______myhomeworkalldayyesterday.（10全国Ⅰ）
A.wasdoingB.woulddoC.hasdoneD.do
19.Whenyouarehome,giveacalltoletmeknowyou______safely.
A.arearrivingB.havearrivedC.hadarrivedD.willarrive
20.ThediscoveryofgoldinAustralialedthousandstobelievethatafortune______.
A.ismadeB.wouldmakeC.wastobemadeD.hadmade
21.—Why,Jack,youlooksotired!
—Well,I_____thehouseandImustfinishtheworktomorrow.（10江苏）
A.waspaintingB.willbepaintingC.havepaintedD.havebeenpainting
22.—Peter,wheredidyouguysgoforthesummervacation
—We________busywithourworkformonths,sowewenttothebeachtorelaxourselves.
A.wereB.havebeenC.hadbeenD.willbe
23.IhavetoseethedoctorbecauseI_______alotlately.（陕西）
A.havebeencoughingB.hadcoughedC.coughedD.cough
24.Itisreportedthatmanyanewhouse_______atpresentinthedisasterarea.
A.arebeingbuiltB.werebeingbuiltC.wasbeingbuiltD.isbeingbuilt
25.Barbaraiseasytorecognizeasshe’stheonlyoneofthewomenwho________eveningdress.
A.wearB.wearsC.haswornD.haveworn（10全国Ⅱ）
26.Linda,makesurethetables________beforetheguestsarrive
A.besetB.setC.aresetD.aresetting
27.Excuseme.I________Iwasblockingyourway.
A.didn’trealizeB.don’trealizeC.haven’trealizedD.wasn’trealizing
28.Joseph______toeveningclassessincelastmonth,buthestillcan’tsay“What’syourname”inRussian.（10辽宁）
A．hasbeengoingB．wentC．goesD．hasgone
29.I_______allthecookingformyfamily,butrecentlyI’vebeentoobusytodoit.
A．willdoB．doC．amdoingD．haddone
30.InthespokenEnglishofsomeareasintheUS,the"r"soundsattheendofthewords_____.
A.aredroppedB.dropC.arebeingdroppedD.havedropped（10北京）
31.--I'mnotfinishedwithmydinneryet.
--Butourfriends_______forus.
A.willwaitB.waitC.havewaitedD.arewaiting
32.---I'msorry,butIdon'tquitefollowyou.DidyousayyouwantedtoreturnonSeptember20
---Sorry,I_______myselfclear.WewanttoreturnonOctober20.
A.hadn'tmadeB.wouldn'tmakeC.don'tmakeD.haven'tmade
33.IttookmealongtimebeforeIwasabletofullyappreciatewhatthey__forme.
A.haddoneB.didC.woulddoD.weredoing
34.Thebookhasbeentranslatedintothirtylanguagessinceit______onthemarketin1973.
A.hadcomeB.hascomeC.cameD.comes（10重庆）
35.Thepalacecaughtfirethreetimesinthelastcentury,andlittleoftheoriginalbuilding_______now.
A.remainsB.isremainedC.isremainingD.hasbeenremained
36.---Whydoyouwanttoworkforourcompany
---ThisisthejobthatI______for.
A.lookedB.amtolookC.hadlookedD.havebeenlooking
37．Ifyouplantwatermelonseedsinthespring,you_____freshwatermeloninthefall.（10浙江）
A．eatB．wouldeatC．haveeatenD．willbeeating
38．Formanyyears,people_____electriccars.However,makingthemhasbeenmoredifficultthanpredicted.
A．haddreamedofB．havedreamedofC．dreamedofD．dreamof
2012年高考题
1.【2012全国卷II】⒕–DidyouaskSophiaforhelp
–I___needto–Imanagedperfectlywellonmyown.
A.wouldn’tB.don’tC.didn’tD.won’t
2.【2012全国卷II】⒙Themanager___theworkershowtoimprovetheprogramsince9a.m.
A.hastoldB.istellingC.hasbeentellingD.willhavetold
3.【2012安徽】26.Inordertofindthemissingchild,villagersalltheycanoverthepastfivehours.
A.didB.doC.haddoneD.havebeendoing
4.【2012安徽】31.Gracedoesn’twanttomovetoNewYorkbecauseshethinksifshethere,shewouldn’tbeabletoseeherparentsveryoften.
A.livesB.wouldliveC.havingaskedD.weretolive
5.【2012安徽】33.Walmart,whichisoneofthelargestAmericansupermarketchains,
someofitsstoreopen24hoursonMondaysthroughSaturdays.
A.keepsB.keepC.havekeptD.hadkept
6.【2012安徽】35.Afterschoolwewenttothereading-roomtodosomereading,onlytobetoldthatit.
A.wasdecoratedB.haddecoratedC.hadbeendecoratingD.wasbeingdecorated
7.【2012重庆】22.-Kevin,youlookworried.Anythingwrong
-Well,I____atestandI’mwaitingfortheresult.
A.willtakeB.tookC.hadtakenD.take
8.【2012重庆】27.Foodsuppliesintheflood-strickenarea______.Wemustactimmediatelybeforethere’snoneleft.
A.haverunoutB.arerunningoutC.havebeenrunoutD.arebeingrunout
9.【2012全国】23."Lifeislikewalkinginthesnow",Grannyusedtosay,"becauseeverystep”
A.hasshownB.isshowingC.showsD.showed
10.【2012全国】33.Ihadbeenworkingonmathforthewholeafternoonandthenumbers_______beforemyeyes.
A.swimB.swumC.swamD.hadswum
11.【2012北京】22.Bythetimeyouhavefinishedthisbook,yourmeal______cold.
A.getsB.hasgotC.willgetD.isgetting
12.【2012北京】25.Georgesaidthathewouldcometoschooltoseemethenextday,buthe______.
A.wouldn’tB.didn’tC.hasn’tD.hadn’t
13.【2012北京】29.—Haveyouheardaboutthatfireinthemarket
—Yes,fortunatelynoone_____.
A.hurtB.washurtC.hashurtD.hadbeenhurt
14.【2012北京】30.Ourfriendship_____quicklyovertheweeksthatfollowed.
A.haddevelopedB.wasdevelopingC.woulddevelopD.developed
15.【2012北京】35.Don’thandlethevaseasifit____madeofsteel.
A.isB.wereC.hasbeenD.hadbeen
16.【2012福建】24.—Whendidthecomputercrash
--Thismorning,whileI______thereadingmaterialsdownloadedfromsomewebsites.
A.havesortedB.wassortingC.amsortingD.hadsorted
17.【2012陕西】24.–CanIcallyoubackattwoo’clockthisafternoon
--I’msorry,butbythenI_____toBeijing.Howaboutfive
A.flyB.willflyC.willbeflyingD.amflying
18.【2012山东】28.AfterJackhadsentsomee-mails,he______workingonhisproject.
A.hadstartedB.hasstartedC.startedD.starts
19.【2012山东】34.Themanagerwasconcernedtohearthattwoofhistrustedworkers_____.
A.willleaveB.areleavingC.haveleftD.wereleaving
20.【2012湖南】22.Don’tworry.Thehardworkthatyoudonow______laterinlife.
A.willberepaidB.wasbeingrepaidC.hasbeenrepaidD.wasrepaid
21.【2012湖南】25.Closethedooroffearbehindyou,andyou______thedooroffaithopenbeforeyou.
A.sawB.haveseenC.willseeD.areseeing
22.【2012湖南】27.“Themoment_____soon,”hethoughttohimself,waitingnervously.
A.cameB.hascomeC.wascomingD.iscoming
23.【2012湖南】33.–Irememberyouwereatalentedpianistatcollege.Canyouplaythepianoforme
--Sorry,I____thepianoforyears.
A.don’tplayB.wasn’tplayingC.haven’tplayedD.hadn’tplayed
24.【2012天津】2.Thelettersfortheboss_____onhisdeskbuthedidn’treadthemuntilthreedayslater.
A.wereputB.wasputC.putD.hasput
25.【2012天津】12.Thethreeofus________aroundEuropeforaboutamonthlastsummer.
A.traveledB.havetraveledC.hadtraveledD.travel
26.【2012江西】26.—Look!Somebody______thesofa.
—Well,itwasn’tme.Ididn’tdoit.
A.iscleaningB.wascleaningC.hascleanedD.hadcleaned
27.【2012辽宁】31.Ifeelsoexcited!AtthistimetomorrowmorningI_____toShanghai.
A.willbeflyingB.willflyC.havebeenflyingD.haveflown
28.【2012辽宁】35.Mum,IwaswonderingifyoucouldlendmeafewdollarsuntilI____onFriday.
A.getpaidB.gotpaidC.havepaidD.hadbeenpaid
29.【2012四川】9.—DidyoucatchwhatIsaid
—Sorry.I______atextmessagejustnow.
A.hadansweringB.haveansweredC.wouldanswerD.wasanswering
30.【四川】11.Theyarelivingwiththeirparentsforthemomentbecausetheirownhouse____.
A.isbeingrebuiltB.hasbeenrebuiltC.isrebuiltD.hasrebuilt
31.【2012浙江】13.Peterhadintendedtotakeajobinbusiness,but_______thatplanaftertheunpleasantexperienceinCanadain2010.
A.hadabandonedB.abandonedC.abandonD.willabandon
32.【2012浙江】16.—Alvin,areyoucomingwithus
—I’dloveto,butsomethingunexpected_______.
A.hascomeupB.wascomingupC.hadcomeupD.wouldcomeup
33.【2012江苏】32.ThemanagerissaidtohavearrivedbackfromPariswherehe_____someEuropeanbusinesspartners.
A.wouldmeetB.ismeetingC.meetsD.hadmet
34.【2012江苏】34.Thepresidenthopesthatthepeoplewillbebetteroffwhenhequitsthanwhenhe____.