多邻国英语考试-2024国际学校及出国留学考试新选择
摘要：得听力者得天下，托福听力对于考生来说至关重要!如何攻克托福听力，除了要多听，托福TPO听力也是托儿必刷的真题.上海新航道托福小编托福考生们带来了TPO听力34文本，希望可以帮助广大托福考生轻松备考托福。
??Conversation1
??Narrator
??Listentoaconversationbetweenastudentandanemployeeintheuniversitylibrary.
??Librarian
??Readytocheckout
??Student
??Justabout.BeforeIdothough,thisbookonearlynavigation…Ihavebeenusingthisbookquiteabitforaresearchproject.AndIwouldliketoownitactually.Andwell…it’sanoldbook,andthereweretwocopiesontheshelfjustnow,soIwaswonderingifIcouldbuyone.Iwastalkingtothisguytheotherday,andhesaidthelibrarysoldbooksonoccasion.Isthatright
??Heisprobablytalkingaboutourannualbooksale.Wehaveoneeveryspring.
??OK.HowdoyoudecidewhichbookstosellAretheyduplicates
??Alotareduplicates.Ifwehavemorethanonecopyofatitleandithasn’tbeencheckedoutinafewyears,inthatcaseitmightendupatthesale.
??I’veactuallytriedtofindthisbookonlinebutnolucksofar.Iwasreallyhopingtobuyit.
??Well,thatparticularbook…well,itprobablywon’tbeupforsalethisyear.Mostbooksinthesalecomefromoff-sitestorage.
??Off-sitestorage
??That’swherewekeepbooksthathaven’tbeenusedforseveralyears.Theyarestillinthecatalog,whichmeanstheycanbecheckedoutifyoufilloutaform.Ittakesmaybeadayortwotoretrieveoneofthem.
??Isee.
??Andthenbeforewedecidetoincludeabookinthesale,wereviewitscirculationhistoryagain,whichcantakeawhile.We’vegotalotofbooksinstorage.
??Soit’sbasicallytheunpopularbooksthatgetputupforsalethen
??Well,that…plusthemainthingistomakesurestudentshaveaccesstotheinformationinthebooks.Alotofthemareavailableinelectronicformatthesedays,eventhereallyoldones.Youknow,theyhavebeenpreservedthatway.
??Somostofthebooksforsaleareolderbooks.
??Well,wegetbookdonationstoo.Andlotsofthosearenew.Again,alibrarianreviewsthemanddecideswhethertocataloguethemorputthemupforsale.
??Isthissaleopentothepublic
??Onthesecondday.It’satwo-daysale.Thefirstdayisforstudents,facultyandstaffthough,whichisgreat.Weusuallyneedabouttwentyvolunteersforthesale.Andwell,ifyouvolunteer,yougetfirstshotateverythinginadvance.
??ReallyWhatdovolunteershavetodo
??Youhelpsortthebooksandsetupthetables.Butkeepinmindthosepositionsfillupquickly.
??Now,aboutthisparticularbook,itwouldn’thurttosendaformalrequesttothecollectiondepartment.Theymightbeabletoletyouknowifitwouldbeupforsale.
??I’lldothat.Thanks.
??Lecture1-ArtHistory(Dadaism)
??Listentopartofalectureinanarthistoryclass.
??Professor
??Allright.SolastweekwestartedtalkingaboutthepaintersandsculptorswhowerepartoftheartmovementcalledDada.ButIdon’twantyoutothinktheideasweintroducedlasttimewerelimitedtopainting,sculpture,thatsortofthing.SotodayIwanttomovebeyondthevisualartsandtalkabitaboutDadaintheperformingarts,intheater.
??Butlet’sstartbyreviewingwhatDadais.OKAsyouwillrecall,DadabeganinSwitzerland,inthecityofZurich,in1916.Theartistswhostudieditwerereactingagainsttraditionalnotionsofbeauty,ofreason,ofprogress,whichhadbeenstandardsofwesternthoughtsincethe18thcentury.Theylookedaround.Andwell,Imean,theFirstWorldWarwasraging,sotheydidn’tseemuchbeauty,reasonorprogressintheworld.Instead,theysawaworldthatwaschaotic,random,aworldthatdidn’tmakesense.Andifthat’sthewaytheworldwas,well,theywantedtheirarttoreflectthat.
??Solet’s…let’sreviewacoupleofkeyideasthatwerethebackboneofDadaart.
??First,theDadaistswantedtocompletelyrejecttheclassicalideaofart.Classicalideaslikeproportion,balance…allthethingsyouthinkaboutwhenyouthinkaboutgreatart.Greatartinvolvedreason,thelogic,thebeautythattheDadaistswantedtooverthrow.
??So,well,youknow,toaDadaist,classicalartworkwasareflectionofoutdatedthinking!That’swhyDadaistscreatedsculpturesliketheoneswesawlastweek.RememberthestoolwiththebicyclewheelmountedontopIwouldn’texactlycalledthatbeautiful,wouldyouButofcourseitwasn’tmeanttobe.Thatwasthepoint!
??OK.
??SoanotherkeyDadaideawetalkedaboutwastheembracingofrandomness.RightUh…iflifeisrandom,saidtheDadaists,whywouldwemakeartthathasorderandlogicAndsowehavethatcollagewelookedat,withanartisttookdifferent,youknow,cut-outsquaresofcoloredpaper,threwthemontothecanvas,andwherevertheylanded,thatwasthecompositionofthework!Theabovetextisatranscriptofthislecturepreparedbylady&bird.
??AnotherfavoriteoftheDadaistswassomethingcalledchancepoetry.Achancepoetwouldpullwordsoutofahatandthatwouldbe…thatwouldmakeupthepoem!AndthisideaofchanceandrandomnesswasakeyelementofDadaismbecausethewholeworldseemedsorandomtothem.
??Sonowlet’stakealookathowDadaistideasrepresentedtoaudiencesinhighlyunconventional…well…Iamnotevensurehowtocategorizethesetheatricalevents.Isupposeyoujusthavetocallthemshows.TheseshowsstartedinZurichinaplacecalledtheCabaretVoltaire.
??Therejectionofclassicalwesternart,well,youseethisinthenatureofwhattookplaceattheCabaretVoltaire.Theydidn’tputonplaysoroperasthere.Whattheydidwasthrowoutallconventions.
??Theymixedeverythingandanythingtogether.Theywould…itmightstartwithsomebodyreadingapoem.Thensomebodyelseplayinganinstrument,followedbyadisplayofpaintings,followedbysomebodyelsechanting,followedbysomebodyelsebangingonabigdrum,andsomeonedressedinarobotcostumejumpingupanddown.Soit’snotlikeaplay.There’snorealplotdevelopmentherelikeyou’dfindinthetraditionaltheatricalperformance.
??TheperformersattheCabaretVoltairewouldalsogettheaudienceinvolved,whichwasextremelyunusual.Thinkaboutatraditionalplay.Theaction’sself-contained.Theactorsactasifthereisnoonewatching,rightIt’slikeaworlduntoitself.Well,attheCabaretVoltaire,audiencememberscouldgetuponstageanddance,orchant,orshoutandsingfromtheirseats.
??Andeverynightwouldbedifferent,becausetherewouldbeadifferentaudienceandadifferentsetofactsanddisplays.
??Soallthesecouldgetprettychaotic.Nobarriersbetweentheperformersandtheaudience,andnobarriersbetweenkindsofarteither.Thinkaboutit:poetry,paintings,music,dance…allonthesamestageandoftenatthesametime!
??ThisiswhattheDadaistshadinmind.Whentheysetouttomakeartthatreflectedtheirownideaofreality,itdidn’tmakesense.Butwhyshouldit!
??Lecture2-EnvironmentalEngineering(APSdigestion)
??Listentopartofalectureinanenvironmentalengineeringclass.
??Attheendofyesterday’sclass,wewerediscussinglandfillsandthehundredsofmillionsoftonsofeverydaygarbagewhicharedepositedintothemeachyearintheUnitedStates.It’sagrowingproblem!Quitesimply,wearerunningoutofspacetoputourgarbage.Andthisisespeciallytrueforsolidorganicwaste:foodscrapsfromhomeorfoodprocessingplants,wastefromfarms,thatsortofthing.DidyouknowthattwothirdsofthewastesittinginourlandfillsisorganicmaterialWehavegovernmentrecyclingprogramsformaterialslikeplastics,glassandmetal,yetwidespreadsolutionsfororganicwastematerialshaven’treallybeenaddressedintheUnitedStates.Ithinkthisisjustaskingfortroubleinthefuture.
??SotodayIwanttotalkaboutatechnologythatoffersapotentialsolutiontotheproblem—AnaerobicPhasedSolidsdigestion,orAPSdigestion.
??Firstofall,whatdoesanaerobicmeanAnyone
??Withoutoxygen
??Correct!APSdigestionusesanaerobicbacteria,onesthatthriveintheabsenceofoxygen,toconsume,tobreakdownorganicmaterial.
??Excuseme.Professor.Um…thoseanaerobicbacteriayouaretalkingabout…well,aren’tanaerobicbacteriaalsousedinwastewatertreatmentplants
??Yes.Theyare.Wouldyouliketoexplainthistotheclass
??Sure!Sowhenwastewateristreated,oneofthebyproductsisathickliquidcalledsludge.Andaren’tanaerobicbacteriausedtobreakdownthesludge
??That’sright.Anaerobicbacteriahavebeenusedinwastewatertreatmentfordecades.
??Sohowisthistechnologydifferent
??Goodquestion.Theanaerobicdigestionsystemsusedinwastewaterplantsaredesignedtotreatsludge,notsolids.Now,inthepast,researchershaveattemptedtotreatsolidorganicwastewiththatsameequipment.
??Buttherewasalwaysaproblem.
??Inordertoprocessthesolidwaste,thekindwefindinlandfills,youhadtopretreatthesolidstoturnthemintosludge.
??First,bybreakingthematerialapartmechanicallyintosmallparticlesandthenaddingalotofwateruntilyougotakindofthick,soupymixthattheequipmentcouldhandle.Butthatextrasteptooktimeandrequiredalotofenergy.
??Thatsoundslikeitwouldcostalot.
??That’sright.ButAPSdigestionisdesignedspecificallytohandlesolidwaste.Soitismuchmorecost-effective.
??Thenewtechnologyprocessesorganicwasteintwophases.Remember,APSstandsforAnaerobicPhasedSolidsdigestion.
??First,thewastematerialisloadedintoalarge,closedcontainer,alongwithdifferenttypesofanaerobicbacteria.Thebacteriabreakthesolidsdownintoacidsandhydrogengas.Thehydrogenisextractedandtheremainingacidsaretransferredintoadifferentcontainerforthesecondphaseoftheprocess.Thereanothertypeofbacteriaconvertstheacidsintomethanegas.
??Aren’thydrogenandmethanegasbadfortheenvironmentthough
??Theanswerinthiscaseisno,becausetheydon’tescapeintotheatmosphere.Thegasesarecapturedandcanbeburnedtoproduceelectricity,whichsavesalotofmoneyandultimatelydecreasesourneedforfuelslikepetroleumandcoal,whicharenotonlyexpensivebutarealsopolluting.
??Soorganicwastefromlandfillscouldbeprocessedthisway
??Itiscertainlyonepossibility.AndAPSdigestionsystemsareveryversatile.Theycanbeinstalledjustaboutanywhere.See,anaerobicdigestionsystemsusedatwastewatertreatmentplantsarehugetanksthatholdthousandsofgallonsofwastewater.ButtheAPScontainersaresmallenoughtobesetuponsite,wherethewasteisgenerated,likeatfoodprocessingplantsoronfarms.Sogarbagedoesn’thavetobetransportedlongdistances.Asamatteroffact,acoupleofuniversitiessuccessfullysetupdemonstrationprojects.TheycollectedfoodscrapsfromdininghallsandlocalrestaurantsandprocesstheminAPSfacilities.Notonlydidtheuniversitysavemoney,wearealsolearningevenmoreabouttheAPSprocess.
??Whatisthenextstepforward
??Well,APSdigestionusesseveraldifferenttypesofanaerobicbacteria,rightSowhatarethemostefficientbacteriaintheprocessIfresearcherscanfigurethatout,thehighestperformingbacteriamixforasystemcouldbedetermined.Ultimatelythegoalwouldbetogrowenoughoftheseparticularbacteriatosupportlarge-scalecommercialAPSsystems.
??Conversation2
??Listentoaconversationbetweenastudentandhercreativewritingprofessor.
??Hello.ProfessorThomson.CouldItalktoyouforaminute
??Oh.Hi.Laura.Wemissedyoulastclass.
??Yeah.Iwassickforafewdays.Um…Iwaswondering...didImissalotofwork
??Let’ssee…well,wediscussedthestorythatyouhavebeenassignedtoreadforclass.AMemorybyEudoraWelty.AndthenwelistenedtoarecordingofaninterviewwithWelty.Therecordingisonreserveatthelibrary.You’llneedtolistentoit.So…didyouhaveachancetoreadthestory
??Yeah.Idid.
??Whatdidyouthink
??Well…Iwasalittlesurprised.Imean,thefirsttimeIreaditanyway.
??Whatsurprisedyou
??Youknow,itjustseemedliketherewasnothinggoingoninthestory.Imean,agirlisjustsittingatthebeachthinkingaboutoneofhermemories.Andatthesametime,sheiswatchingotherbathersonthebeach,andsortofjustthinkingaboutwhattheyaredoingtoo.Andthat’sallthathappens!Soattheendofthestory,Ithought,that’sit!
??Iknowwhatyoumean.There’snosurpriseendinglikeinO.Henry’sstoryTheGiftoftheMagiorsomebigadventurelikeinFaulkner’sTheBear.
??Soyoudidn’tlikethestory
??Well,actually,whileIwasreadingitthesecondtime,Isortofrealizedthatyoudon’tneedsurprisesorexcitementtohaveagreatstory..Thegirl’smemoryandthestuffshewasthinkingaboutwhileshewaswatchingtheotherpeopleonthebeachwerereallyinterestingtoreadabout.Andyouknow,itmademethinkthatwhenIwritemystory,theonewehavetowriteforthisclass,Icanmaybeusemyownmemoriestogetmestarted.
??Well,infact,I’dhopedyou’dseethat.Ofcourse,therearemanylevelstothestory.ButwhatIreallywantedtheclasstotakeawayfromitwasthatyoudon’tneedtowriteaboutthegreatexcitingworldwhenyouwriteyoustories.Evenwritingaboutamemorycanwork.
??LikeIcouldwriteaboutoneofthetimesItookawalkinthewoodswhenIwasakid.
??Exactly!Youknow,astheduedayofyourstoriesapproaches,Iamhearingfromalotofstudentsthattheyareworriedbecausetheydon’thaveanythingexcitingenoughtowriteabout.ButWeltysaidintheinterviewwelistenedtoandinherautobiographythatherworststoriesweretheoneswhereshetriedtowriteaboutpeopleorplacesthatwereunfamiliartoher.That’swhyalotofherstoriesaresetinMississippi,wheresheisfrom.Weltystressedthat,forheranyway,familiaritywithhersubjectmatterwasthekeytoasuccessfulstory.
??Familiarity.Thatmakessense.ThanksProfessorThomson.
??Noproblem.Now,don’tforgettolistentothatrecording.
??Lecture3-Botany(PlantsandPollinators)
??Listentopartofalectureinabotanyclass.
??Whenwetalkaboutpollinationecology,wearetalkingabouttherelationshipbetweenaplantanditspollinator.Fromtheplants’perspective,theidealpollinatorisananimalthatisunder-fed,readytoeatandinahurry.Thepollinator,ontheotherhand,wantstoremainwell-fedwithaslittleeffortaspossible.Thesefactorshelpdrivetheevolutionofplantsandtheirpollinators,bothofwhichdependonthisbalancedanddelicaterelationship.Sometimesonlycertaininsectsorbirdscanpollinatecertainplantspecies.Sotoreallyunderstandpollinationecology,boththefloweranditspollinatorsmustbestudied.
??Let’sstartwithflowers.
??Thereareseveralimportantfactorsassociatedwithpollination:whenandhowoftenaplanflowers,howlongthefloweringcyclelasts,andthenumberofflowersthatopenatthesametime.Forexample,floweringmaycoincidewiththemigrationofacertainanimalspeciesthatpollinatestheplant,orproducingmanyflowersatoncemayincreasethenumberofpollinatorsaplantattracts.
??Othercharacteristicsofflowersarealsoimportant.Featuressuchascolor,scentandshapeattractpollinators,asdoestherewardintheflower,thepollenorthenectar,thatfeedsthepollinator.Forexample,flowersthatattractbatstendtobegreenorcream-colored,becausevisibilityisimportant.Batsarepracticallyblind,remember.Andtheseflowersbloomatnightwhenbatsareactive.
??Now,there’saflowerintheAmazonrainforestcalledaroyalwaterlilyandthecharacteristicsofitsflowerschangeduringthepollinationprocess.Theroyalwaterlilyusescolor,temperatureandscenttoattractthebeetlesthatpollinateit.Whentheflowersoftheroyalwaterlilyfirstopenup,whentheyfirstbloom,theyarewhite.Theyalsoemitastrongodorandtheirtemperaturerises.Producingheatservestwopurposes.Itmagnifiesthescentoftheflowerandithelpsthebeetlesmaintaintheirbodytemperature.Whenabeetlearrivesattheflower,theflowerclosesarounditforabout24hourssothatthebeetlebecomescoveredwithpollen.Thenwhenthefloweropens,itscolorchangestoredanditcoolsdown.Whenthebeetlefliesout,itcarriesthepollentoadifferent,heated,white,fragrantflower.
??Asyoucansee,plantsgotoalotoftroubletoattractattention.SowhatkindofattentionaretheyattractingAndwhy
??Well,sometimesflowersprovideshelterforinsects,aplacetolayeggsforinstance.Butusuallytheattractionisfood:nectarandpollen.Nectarismainlyasugarsolution,whilepollenisagrainmadeupofpartoftheplant’scellstructure.Inbothnectarandpollenproduction,qualityandquantityvaryovertime.Buttheyarealwaysrelatedtotheneedsofthepollinator.
??Youcanseethattherelationshipbetweenpollinatorsandplantsaredelicate,soanynumberoffactorscandisturbthem.
??Humandevelopmentisone.Andagricultureisgenerallybelievedtobethemostharmful.Itcanfragmenthabitatsinavarietyofways,reducingthenumberofpollinators,whichinturnmayreducethenumberorsizeoftheflowers,whichofcourseaffectstheanimalsthatfeedonthem.Exoticplantspeciesnotnativetotheareacanmoveinandcompete.Evenbeesbroughtintopollinatecropscanalternaturalpollendispersalsystemsofrainforestplants.
??Ontheotherhand,recentstudieshaveshownthatthedisruptionofoneaspectofthepollinationcycledoesn’tusuallyleadtotheextinctionofotherspecies.Itturnsoutthatplant-pollinatorrelationshipsaremoreadaptabletochangethanwethought.Soreallyitishardtoknowjusthowagricultureaffectsthepollinationofplants.
??Lecture4-BusinessManagement(TheLifeCycleofInnovation)
??Listentopartofadiscussioninabusinessmanagementclass.
??Lastweekweweretalkingaboutinnovationinbusiness.RememberthegraphIshowedyou
??ThecurvethatlookedsortofliketheletterS
??Right.Cathy.Let’stakeanotherlook.DoyourecallCathy.HowthisS-curverepresentsthelifecycleofinnovation
??Sure.Startingontheleft,thenewinnovation,let’ssayit’sanewproduct.Almostnobody’sheardofitoratleastnobodytakesitseriously.Thenitspopularityincreases,uh,slowlyatfirsttillsalesreallystartacceleratingquickly.Theyarewherethelinegoesupsteeplyinthemiddleasmoreandmoregetexcitedabouttheproductandtheygooutandbuyit.Buteventually,movingovertotherightsidethere,interestbeginstofadeandthegrowthandsaleslevelsoff.
??Atwhichpointthemarkethasmaturedforthatproduct.Wecanstillsellitandevenmarginallyimproveit,butit’snotnewanymore.Itnolongeroffersexcitinggrowthopportunities.Soabusinessleadermightfaceachoice:eitherstickwiththisold,safe,provenideaormoveontothenextbigidea,afreshinnovation.Butinnovationsarerisky.Theymaysucceedortheymaynot.
??OK.Acasestudy.
??George.IhaveheardyourThursdaynightprogramonthecampusradiostation.YoulikeJazz,right
??Huh!Uh…yeah…sure!But…what!
??OK.Staywithmehere.Onyourprogramlastweek,IheardanoldMilesDavisalbum.Tellusaboutthat.
??Uh…MilesDavis.Trumpet.IplayedaCDofaJazzclassicherecordedinthe1950scalledKindofBlue.It’smyall-timefavoriteJazzrecording.
??Minetoo.Wouldyoucallthatrecordinginnovativeforitstime
??Absolutely!Nothingatalllikewhathehadrecordeduptillthen.Imean,beforethatMilesDavisplayedthingssocomplexthat…well…nobodycouldtouchhim.Butthiswassomethingtotallynew.Suddenlyhisplayingsoundedsoamazinglysimple.
??AndhowdidpeoplereacttothisnewsoundofMilesDavis
??Well…someweredisappointed,evenangrythathe’dabandonhisoldstyle.Butsoonmostofhisfanscamearoundandthisnewstyleappealedtoawholenewgroupofjazzlisteners.
??Iguessso.KindofBluebecamethemostcommerciallysuccessfulalbuminthehistoryofjazz!SoistherealessonhereanyoneThinkofthatS-curveIshowedyou.
??Oh!Sohisoldstyleofjazzwasactuallyakindofproduct,onethathadbeendevelopedprettythoroughly.Andhe’dtakenitaboutasfarashecould.Sohedecidedtotakeabigriskandtrysomethingtotallynew.
??Exactly!Somethingcompletelyfreshandcool.Andpeoplecouldn’tgetenoughofit.Itwasabrandnewbeginningthatleftlotsofroomforfurtherdevelopmentartistically.Andasamarketanalyst,youcouldsaythatwithKindofBlue,hewasjumpingtothebeginningofabrandnewS-curve!Withallthatpotentialforprofitabledevelopmentstillaheadofhim.
??Butletmeaskyousomethingelse.Thisisn’tjustthemusicofasingleperformer,isitGeorge.
??Hardly.Morelikeagroupofall-stars.AlongwithMilesDavisontrumpet,thereisBillEvansonpiano,JohnColtraneontenorsaxophone…
??Individuallyperhapsthebestinthebusiness.ButthinkingofMilesDavisastheleaderofthisgroup,howdidheorganizeandmanagealltheseincredibletalent
??Well,he’dlayoutthegeneraloutline,thethemeandthengiveeachofthesestarperformers,onebyone,thecreativefreedomtoreallyshowwhattheycoulddowithitontheirowninstrument,toimproviseandaddsomethingnew,butalwayswithinthesamegeneraltheme.
??SoMilesDavisgetscreditforrecruitingthebestjazztalentanywhereandgettingthemtocollaborateonafantasticmusicalproduct.
??Everyoneseethebusinessparallelshere
??Andgiveeachofthesemusicianscreditforseizingthisopportunityandcreatinggreatindividualperformances.
??Butgoodjazzismorethanjustindividualperformance,isn’tit
??Definitely.Jazzmusiciansneedtolistentoeachotherandgowiththeflow.Like,onetimesomebodygoofedandcameinalittleearly,buteveryoneelseadjustedandwentrightalongwithit,asifnothingwerewrong.Andthismistakecameoutlikejustanotherunexpectedcreativeinterpretation.
??Thanks.George.Greatinsights,onesthatwouldcertainlyapplytowhatwearestudyinghere.
??托福听力TPO34题目
??TPO34ListeningQuestions
??1.Whatistheconversationmainlyabout
??A)Thelibrary’spoliciesforitsannualbooksale
??B)Theman’ssearchformaterialforhisresearchproject
??C)Howthelibraryattemptstopreserveoldbooks
??D)Howstudentscanaccesslibrarybooksinstorage
??2.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutbooksinstorage
??A)Theywillbeputbackontheshelvesatsomepointinthefuture.
??B)Theyaremostlyolderbooksthatweredonatedtothelibrary.
??C)Theycanbecheckedoutbywrittenrequest.
??D)Theyarenotavailableforstudentuse.
??3.Whatarethecriteriafordecidingwhetherabookisputupforsale[Choosetwoanswers]
??A)Itcontainsoutdatedinformation.
??B)Theinformationinthebookisavailableinotherformats.
??C)Ithasnotbeencheckedoutforanumberofyears.
??D)Ithasbeeninthecollectionformorethantenyears.
??4.Whydoesthewomanmentionthatvolunteerpositionsfillupquickly
??A)Sheissurprisedthatsomanystudentsareinterestedinvolunteering.
??B)Shewantstoemphasizethatthesalewillbeheldsoon.
??C)Shewantstoassurethemanthattherewillbeenoughpeopleworkingatthesale.
??D)Shethinksthemanmaywanttoapplyforoneofthepositions.
??5.Whatadvicedoesthewomangivetothemanaboutthebookhewantstobuy
??A)Heshouldtrytobuyitfromanonlinebookseller.
??B)Heshouldfindoutifthereisanelectronicversionofit.
??C)Heshouldinformthecollectiondepartmentofhisinterestinit.
??D)Heshouldlookforitinalocalbookstore.
??Lecture1
??6.Whatisthemainpurposeofthelecture
??A)ToexplainthehistoricalconditionsthatinspiredDadaartists
??B)TodiscussexamplesofDadapaintingsandsculptures
??C)TodescribehowDadawaspresentedtheatrically
??D)ToshowtheinfluenceofDadaontoday’sperformingartists
??7.Whydoestheprofessormentionastoolwithabicyclewheelmountedontop
??A)TogiveanexampleofwhatDadaistswerereactingagainst
??B)ToshowsomethingthatDadaistswouldconsiderbeautiful
??C)ToillustratehowDadaistsrejectedthetraditionaldefinitionofart
??D)ToexplaintheDadaists’practiceofcreatingsculpturesfromeverydayobjects
??8.Accordingtotheprofessor,whydidsomeDadaistwritepoetrybypullingwordsoutofahat
??A)Toreflecttherandomnesstheysawintheworld
??B)Toillustratetheconnectionbetweenpoetryperformancesandmagicshows
??C)ToindicatethatDadashouldnotbetakentooseriously
??D)TodemonstratethatDadaistsdidnotneedmuchformaltraining
??9.Whatdoestheprofessoridentifyasaspectsoftraditionalplay
??[Choosetwoanswers]
??A)Characterseachhavetheirownmotivation.
??B)Aplotisdeveloped.
??C)Theplayconsistsofseveralacts.
??D)Actorsignoretheaudience.
??10.Accordingtotheprofessor,whatcontributedtothechaoticnatureoftheperformancesattheCabaretVoltaire[Choosetwoanswers]
??A)Therewerenoprofessionalactors.
??B)Thescriptwastornupandallowedtofalltothefloorduringtheperformance.
??C)Differentartformssharedthesamestage.
??D)Theperformancesvariedfromnighttonight.
??Listenagaintopartofthelecture.Thenanswerthequestion.Thenanswerthequestion.
??11.Whydoestheprofessorsaythis
??A)Hedoesnotapproveofalltheaspectsoftheshows.
??B)Hedoesnotthinktheeventscanbeeasilydefined.
??C)HedoesnotconsidertheshowstobeauthenticDada.
??D)Hedoesnotknowenoughabouttheeventstocategorizethem.
??Lecture2
??12.Whatisthelecturemainlyabout
??A)Anewuseformethanegasproducedinlandfills
??B)Environmentalregulationsregardingthemanagementoforganicwastes
??C)Removingbacteriafromlandfillsandwastewatertreatmentplants
??D)Apotentiallyusefultechnologyformanagingorganicwastes
??13.Whatistheprofessor’sopinionabouttheuseoflandfillstomanagesolidorganicwaste
??A)Landfillsshouldbeexpandedtoaccommodatemoretypesofwaste.
??B)Landfillsarenotasuitablelong-termsolutionforsolidorganicwastedisposal.
??C)Landfillsshouldbebuiltfartherawayfrompopulationcenters.
??D)Landfillswouldbeaneffectivemeansofrecyclingsolidorganicwastefromfarms.
??14.Whatdoestheprofessorimplyaboutprocessingsolidorganicwasteinequipmentdesignedforprocessingwastewater
??A)Itisaneconomicalwaytoprocesssolidwaste.
??B)Itispracticalonlyfortreatinglargeamountsofsolidwaste.
??C)Itisnotanefficientwaytoprocesssolidwaste.
??D)Itcouldreducethecostoftreatingwastewater.
??15.Whatdoestheprofessorsuggestaboutmethaneandhydrogengas
??A)Theyhavebeneficialusesifharnessedandcontained.
??B)TheyaredestroyedinalaterstageofAPSprocessing.
??C)TheyarebothextractedduringthefirstphaseofAPSdigestion.
??D)Theyarenecessarytoactivatetheanaerobicdigestionprocess.
??16.Accordingtotheprofessor,whataretwoadvantagesofAPSdigestionsystems[Choosetwoanswers]
??A)Theycaneliminatetheneedtotransportthewastematerial.
??B)Theycanhandlebothorganicandnonorganicwaste.
??C)Theycanturnwasteintofuelforelectricalpowergeneration.
??D)Theycanbemonitoredefficientlyfromonecentrallocation.
??17.WhatdoestheprofessorsayisapromisingfocusforfutureresearchintoAPSdigestionsystems
??A)TryingtofindawaytoreducethesizeoftheAPScontainers
??B)Tryingtosetupademonstrationprojectwithauniversity
??C)Determiningwhetherfoodscrapsfromrestaurantscanbeusedinthesystem
??D)Determiningthemostefficientcombinationofanaerobicbacteria
??1.Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing
??A)Ashortstorythewomanhaswritten
??B)Ashortstorythatwasdiscussedinclass
??C)TheautobiographyofEudoraWelty
??D)Featuresofshortstorieswrittenbyfamousauthors
??2.WhydoestheprofessormentionO.Henry’sstory,“TheGiftoftheMagi,”andWilliamFaulkner’sstory,“TheBear”
??A)Tosuggestthatthewomanreadthesestoriesbeforewritingherownstory
??B)Toremindthewomantolistentorecordingsofthesestories
??C)TocontrastWelty’sstorywithothertypesofstories
??D)TopointoutthatWeltyparticularlylikedthesestories
??3.Whydoesthewomanmentionwalkinginthewoods
??A)Itisthepossibletopicofastoryshewillwrite.
??B)Itiswhatshedoestogetinspirationforwriting.
??C)Itisanactivitythatsheenjoysverymuch.
??D)Itisthesettingofherfavoriteshortstory.
??4.WhatpointdoestheprofessormakewhenhementionstheinterviewwithWeltyandherautobiography
??A)Weltytellssomestoriesintheinterviewthatareconfirmedintheautobiography.
??B)Weltybelievedthattheelementofsurprisewasessentialtoagoodstory.
??C)Welty’sbeststoriesaresetinMississippi.
??D)WeltythoughtlifeinMississippiwasnotveryexciting.
??5.Whatwasthestudent’sreactiontoWelty’sstoryafterfirstreadingit
??A)Shewassurprisedbysomeofthemaincharacter’smemories.
??B)Shewasannoyedthatthestorywassoshort.
??C)Shefoundthethoughtsofthemaincharactertobeuninteresting.
??D)Shehadexpectedmoreactioninthestory.
??Lecture3
??6.Whatisthelecturemainlyabout
??A)Theeffectofagricultureonpollinators
??B)Threatstothepollinationcycleintropicalrainforests
??C)Therelationshipbetweenplantsandtheirpollinators
??D)Variousplantspeciesintropicalrainforeststhatattractpollinators
??7.Whatdoestheprofessorsayistheidealpollinatorforaplant
??A)Apollinatorthatpollinatestheplantduringthepollinator’smigration
??B)Apollinatorthatishungryandmovesquickly
??C)Apollinatorthatfeedsonavarietyofplants
??D)Apollinatorthatmovesslowlyfromflowertoflower
??8.Accordingtotheprofessor,whataresomefeaturesofafloweringplantthatcanaffecthowattractiveitistopollinators[Choosetwoanswers]
??A)Thedistancebetweentheplantsthathaveopenflowers
??B)Thedurationoftheplant’sfloweringcycle
??C)Theamountofwatertheplantrecentlyreceived
??D)Thenumberofflowersthatbloomatthesametime
??9.Whydoestheprofessormentionbats
??A)Toemphasizethatmammalscanalsobepollinators
??B)Tohelpexplaintheroleofflowercolorinattractingpollinators
??C)Tosuggestthatbatsarenotefficientpollinators
??D)Toexplainwhysomebatsdonotbenefitfromflowersthatbloomonlyatnight
??10.Accordingtothelecture,whatcanbeinferredaboutaroyalwaterlilywhoseflowersarered
??A)Itsflowershavealreadybeenpollinated.
??B)Beetlesaretrappedinsideofitsflowers.
??C)Itsflowerswillsoonincreaseintemperature.
??D)Itsflowershavejustclosed.
??11.Whatistheprofessor’sopinionabouttheeffectofagricultureonpollinationecology
??A)Shefearstheeffectmaybemorewidespreadthanpreviouslybelieved.
??B)Shebelievestheeffectwillultimatelyprovetobebeneficial.
??C)Shethinkstheharmfulnessofagriculturemaybeoverstated.
??D)Sheissurprisedthereissolittleresearchonthesubject.
??Lecture4
??12.Whatarethemaintopicsthattheclassdiscusses
??A)Newandinnovativewaystomarketjazzrecordings
??B)Thesuccessfulintroductionofamajorproductchange
??C)Anorganizationalmodelformanagerstoconsider
??D)Appropriatestandardsforevaluatingamusicalperformance
??13.WhatdothespeakersindicatecanberepresentedbytheS-curvegraph
??A)Thetypicalpatternofsalesforaproduct
??B)Theflowofamusiccomposition
??C)Thegeneralpopularityofjazzinthe1950s
??D)Therecentincreaseinsalesforaclassicjazzalbum
??14.HowdidjazzfansreacttoMilesDavis’albumKindofBlue
??A)Mostdidnotnoticethathisstylehadchanged.
??B)Someweredisappointedabouthowhisstylehadchanged.
??C)Manywereinspiredtotrytobecomejazzmusicians.
??D)Manyboughtthealbum,makingitahugecommercialsuccess.
??15.BasedonMilesDavis’approachtorecordingKindofBlue,whatdoestheprofessorimplymanagersshoulddoinrunningabusiness
??A)Masterthecomplexitiesofeachtaskbeforeaskinganyoneelsetoperformit
??B)Hireverycapablepeopleandgivethemthefreedomtomaketheirowndecisions
??C)Trytosensewhatthepubliciscomfortablewithandthenprovideit
??D)Planalldetailscarefullyandmakesurethattheplanisfollowed.
??16.Whatlessoncanbelearnedfromtheexampleaboutamistakeduringamusicalperformance
??A)Performancesofthehighestqualityrequireextensivepractice.
??B)Makingmistakeshurtsnotjusttheindividual,buttheentiregroup.
??C)Whenpeopleworkwelltogether,mistakescanresultinpositiveoutcomes.
??D)Leadersneedtoensurethatgroupmembersdonotmakemistakes.
??Listenagaintopartofthelecture.Thenanswerthequestion.
??17.Whatistheprofessorencouragingthestudenttodowhenshesaysthis
??A)Continuethediscussionwithherafterclass
??B)Remainseatedinthefrontoftheclassroom
??C)Waitpatientlytoseehowtheprofessor’squestionrelatestothelesson
??D)Remainopen-mindedwhilelisteningtoanotherpointofview
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